Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
115
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
1115-119
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
Maksud Kariyev's novel "Spitamen" takes the reader to the events of 329-327 BC through the expression
of various characters and characters. The events of the novel begin with a description of the unique
beautiful nature of Sugdiyana, the lifestyle of its people, customs, and the peaceful life of various tribes and
clans between the two rivers.
K
EYWORDS
Maksud Kariyev, Spitamen, novel, image, character, Alexander, Roma, Avesta, Sughd, Greek, war.
I
NTRODUCTION
Polish literary critic Jan Parandowski writes: "A
novelist collects his material like a scientist.
Depending on the chosen topic, he studies history,
archeology, medicine or agriculture, observes and
records the peculiarities of life, listens to the
differences and expressions in the dialects unique
to a certain environment, as the story unfolds.
gets to know the place, the land, looks for
additional special information for some episodes
(scenes) or characters, and becomes a strategist
(battle plans in "War and Peace"), a lawyer, a
miner, a sailor while working on a novel possible,
he tries to study all professions, all types of
human activity seriously and thoroughly, and if he
does not manage to do this in his personal
experience - he moves to new and unfamiliar
areas of life, which he wants to describe. If he
cannot penetrate, then he is content with
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Research Article
ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL AND LEGENDARY IMAGES IN
"SPITAMEN"
Submission Date:
December 06, 2023,
Accepted Date:
December 11, 2023,
Published Date:
December 16, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-12-21
Mamurova Mushtari Makhammadjanovna
Fergana State University 2nd Year Foundation Doctoral Student, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
116
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
1115-119
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
carefully and diligently observing it from the
outside, from the outside, or if it is not possible,
he gets the necessary information about it from
reliable sources" [1,274]. In the novel "Spitamen",
Maqsud Qariyev tries to reflect the character of
various characters with different looks and
characters, always keeping in mind that they are
people of their time, what gender, what
profession, where they are from. In particular, he
appears as a "strategist" in the depiction of
episodes and pictures of the fierce battle between
the Macedonians and the highlanders. The
sudden uprising of the highlanders under the
leadership of Kamak against the well-armed
forces of Alexander happened in the novel in
connection with a pregnant woman and her
mother-in-law, who desperately defends her
daughter-in-law and her unborn grandson. .
Mother-in-law to Roma "- Why do you hit me, you
bitch, let the blood come from your mouth, let the
blood spread from the dog, enter from your heel
and come out of your mouth... Dog, will you raise
a hand to a pregnant woman, dog? sucker,
womanizer, if you are a young man, put down
your weapon and let me fight you one-on-one!"
[2,134-135].
The writer created a lively image in her speech by
using words specific to her lexicon. But at this
point it should not be forgotten that in the
fifteenth fargard (20-45) sections of the third
notebook "Vandidod" in the holy book of
Zoroastrianism "Avesta" there are questions and
answers of Ahura Mazda and Zardushtrata , the
need to take special care of dogs is legislated:
"
–
O God who created the universe! O
Truth!
If the female gives birth in the barn after a
long time, who among the Mazda fans should take
care of her!
–
The person who built or owns the kennel
must take care of the pregnant doe until she gives
birth and after giving birth to her puppies.
If that person does not take proper care of
a pregnant doe and as a result injures the puppies,
his punishment is public death" [3,304-305]. Or
else such a procedure is included:
–
O God who created the universe! O Truth!
When will dogs be allowed to live on their
own?
Ahura Mazda replied:
–
After the dogs are ready to run within
fourteen houses, whether it's cancer
or depression, they live on their own.
Ahura Mazda's son Azor took care of a
pregnant woman just as he took care of a woman"
[3,307]. During the period when a pregnant
woman was in pain, Mazda fans lit a huge bonfire
to protect the baby from the evil of various giants.
It is divine that Azor guards the fire of the great
gods of Mazdaism. Based on this, it can be said
that a woman's insulting words about a dog
against Roma is contrary to her time, outlook, and
beliefs. But regardless of this place, the author
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
117
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
1115-119
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
convincingly described that this scandal related
to women will escalate throughout the country.
In the play, Alexander shows himself suspiciously
to his courtiers, the generals Lysimachus and
Cleitus, who serve him loyally. Namich, the ruler
of Morocco, thought of his peace and opened the
city gates to Iskandar. But he takes all the wealth
in the treasury and allows his army to plunder the
city as much as they want. Namich is imprisoned
for some time.
In the work, the experiences of Roma, a
Macedonian soldier, are deeply revealed in the
section "Letter from Faraway Alexandria". The
writer widely used the possibilities of the
epistolary genre to illuminate the character of
Roma. Roma's letter to Greece and his mother
expresses his regrets. He expresses deep regret
that he came with Alexander as a warrior in
pursuit of wealth. Roma, who is intelligent and
can read Sughd script, curses Alexander. In his
letter, he said that the country called Sugdiyona is
located between two great rivers - Oks and Tonais
rivers, and besides the Sugdians, there are
Massagets, Sarts, Sak-Tigrahouds, Tiay-Tora-
Doira Saks, Apasaks, Yaksarts, Scythians, all of
them speak Sughd, he writes that they fight
together with the Persians and Dahals against the
Macedonians: "What about the heavy cavalry!
They crushed these peoples, tribes, destroyed
peoples, Alexander's executioners! If the holy
books created by human intelligence and
intelligence are lit, what is this, mother! When I
read the books of Greek philosophers and rulers,
I was proud of the great intelligence of our people.
Now I am powerless in front of my faith... Why
would a person like Alexander spit on all this and
muddy the clear water!
Dear mother, I am writing from "Eskhat
Iskandaria", why did Alexander build a city out of
people's blood and name it after himself, yes,
that's right, we fought and shed blood, how many
people were killed and maimed. Alexander wants
to immortalize his name in history at the expense
of people's lives, curses be to those who glorified
their person at the expense of others!" [2,161]
Roma describes all her sufferings.
As a result, a Roma woman from Usrushona
became disabled for the rest of her life. He loses
his peace of mind. The mother-in-law, her
daughter-in-law, and her daughter who were
thrown down from the top of the mountain and
killed by the Getayras enter Roma's dreams and
start haunting them. When he became mentally ill
and spoke insulting words about Iskandar in the
streets, he was caught and executed. After he was
killed, they found this letter in his pocket and
brought it to Alexander.
Alexander builds the fortified city of Eskhat
Iskandaria - Uzok Iskandaria - on the banks of the
Syr Darya between Gaza and Kirasakhta. They
compare this city to the current city of Khojand.
The construction of this city was strongly
opposed by the Scythians. Several Scythians came
to Alexander as ambassadors. They can learn the
mentality of people by their stature, and by
looking at Iskandar's tired face, they realize that
his appearance does not match his age. To
Iskandar, the older, bearded, bearded, and even
the eyebrows are as white as snow, and the one
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
118
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
1115-119
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
who came from a small town, says the following:
"You boast that you came here to chase beggars.
As for you, you are plundering all the tribes within
your reach. You have conquered Lydia, you have
conquered Syria, you have subjugated the country
of the Persians, Bactria is under your rule, and
you are looking at India. And now you are
stretching your greedy and insatiable hands to
our pastures...
Don't think that the people you beat will be my
friends. There can be no friendship between a
master and a slave.
Do not think that the Scythians swear and
strengthen their friendship. For them, taking an
oath is about maintaining loyalty. Our religion is
our devotion. Whoever does not show respect to
people will also deceive the gods" [2,158].
In the novel, the writer shows that not only the
inhabitants of Central Asia, but also his own
soldiers suffered greatly from Alexander's
invasion campaign, in the image of Roma: "In that
terrible night when the Scythians took the heads
of the Sipohis, God also made Roma unconscious.
He was the first madman of the newly created Far
Alexandria. He wandered around the streets
whispering something, sometimes he kept a long
silence while staring at the sky, he took a few
black coins in his palm and asked some woman
that he owed me money. Sometimes, his voice
broke and he cried, "Mother, you are fine", and
then he cursed Iskandar" [2,159].
Faced with strong opposition from the people of
Sugd, Iskandar exterminated the people of the
village of Sarom, which is located ten to fifteen
miles from Marokand, without leaving a single
one. On the edge of the village, there is news that
thirty-year-old noblemen are hiding in the
basement. When they were sentenced to death,
the nobles who were going to the execution,
surprised Alexander, singing and dancing to their
death. No one is afraid of death. The writer
reflects the fact that Alexander's dream of
conquering the world was turned into a mirage by
his march to Sugidiana through the description of
his experiences. "Iskander thought: "These
people are also interesting, you can't tell if they
are telling the truth or lying. I have not seen a
stubborn and complex people like the Sugdians. If
you question anyone, you can feel disdain in their
behavior, anger and hatred on their faces, even
though Doreios' army was large, both the winner
and the loser were known in the battle. But you
can't have fun with these savages, you can't even
fight face-to-face, they will slip out of your hand
like a smooth fish. "Well, actually, I should go to
India first" - Iskandar regretted" [2,198].
As the well-known literary critic Ibrahim Haqqul
wrote: "There are many chains of fear. Fear of
injustice and tyranny, fear of actions and officials,
fear of executioners and spies, fear of power and
death - the doomsday of the people who are not
freed from hundreds of such shackles of fear is
sad. "Do not be afraid!" to say is equivalent to
inciting fear" [4,248].
C
ONCLUSION
In conclusion, the interpretation of historical and
legendary characters in Maqsud Qariyev's novel
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
119
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
1115-119
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
"Spitamen",
interactions
between
them,
conversations, disputes play a key role in the clear
and convincing development of the events of the
work. Historical events are valuable because they
remind us of the people we are the descendants
of.
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Parandovsky Ya. Word chemistry. -
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2.
Qariyev M. Spitamen (historical novel). -
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of Literature and Art, 1985. - 272 pages.
3.
Avesta. Historical and literary monument.
- Tashkent: Publishing house named after
Gafur Ghulam, 2015. - 700 pages.
4.
The truth of Ibrahim Haqqul. - Tashkent:
"Book" LLC, 2023. - 296 pages.
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