Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
86
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
86-89
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
One of the most important tasks ensuring the sustainable development of the country and its food security
is to increase grain production and reduce losses at all stages. This article discusses the issues of improving
the storage of wheat grains.
K
EYWORDS
Wheat, storage, plant, method, technology.
I
NTRODUCTION
The task of increasing grain production should be
solved not only by increasing the gross harvest,
but also by improving the quality of post-harvest
processing and storage, since grain quality is the
second harvest. Reliable and long-term storage of
millions of tons of grain is costly and labor-
intensive. It is inextricably linked with the correct
consideration of the properties of grain as an
object of drying, processing and storage.
M
АTЕRIАLS АND MЕTHОDS
Journal
Website:
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terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
IMPROVEMENT OF STORAGE OF WHEAT GRAINS
Submission Date:
December 04, 2023,
Accepted Date:
December 09, 2023,
Published Date:
December 14, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-12-16
Sh.A.Usarov
Assistant Teachers, Yangiyer Branch Of The Tashkent Chemical-Technological Institute, Yangiyer,
Uzbekistan
S.N.Obloberdiyev
Assistant Teachers, Yangiyer Branch Of The Tashkent Chemical-Technological Institute, Yangiyer,
Uzbekistan
B.B.Xakimov
Assistant Teachers, Yangiyer Branch Of The Tashkent Chemical-Technological Institute, Yangiyer,
Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
87
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
86-89
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
The main properties of grain that require special
consideration during drying and storage:
humidity; temperature; shell state; stickiness;
uniformity; shape, size and duty cycle; nature;
bulk density; flowability (angle of repose,
external and internal friction); chargeability;
thermal conductivity, heat capacity, thermal
diffusivity [1].
R
ЕSULTS АND DISСUSSIОN
Due to the biological nature of grain crops, in
order to avoid damage and loss, the grown crop
must be harvested in a short time and, depending
on the condition of the grain and seeds, post-
harvest processing is required at a high rate.
The grain mass is a living system that is not in a
state of “rest”, therefore, when processing it, it is
necessary to observe special processing regimes,
and during storage, conduct continuous
monitoring. Particular attention should be paid to
preventing injury to the grain. Violations of the
shells, the embryo, the appearance of cracks,
scratches, and splitting of the grain greatly affect
its quality. Biochemical changes occur in it, it can
self-heat, which worsens its consumer properties.
As a result of the action of microorganisms and
pests of grain reserves, grain can even become
toxic and will be unsuitable for food or feed
purposes, not to mention its use for seeds. If
stored improperly, the weight of the grain also
decreases.
Other reasons for the deterioration of grain
quality are the moisture content in the grain
above equilibrium (active) and the presence of
impurities. The moisture and contamination
status of grain entering the post-harvest
processing lines and granaries (which largely
determines the degree of preservation of natural
properties) directly depends on the level of
equipment with harvesting equipment [3]. With a
sufficient quantity and technical level of
harvesting equipment, you can choose a time
favorable for harvesting and obtain grain that is
more uniform in quality, with less moisture and
contamination.
It should be borne in mind that the moisture
content of the grain after harvesting is greater
than before harvesting, due to the fact that most
of the moisture in the straw and weeds (which
obviously have higher moisture content)
transfers to the grain itself [4]. A major role is
played by climatic factors, which are rarely
optimal during the harvest and post-harvest
periods, especially in the regions of the so-called.
Fast mechanized harvesting does not leave time
for active and passive ventilation of grain in the
open air (despite the obvious effectiveness of
using natural drying for drying), since the
artificial drying process must begin from the
moment freshly harvested grain arrives.
Despite the fact that when the grain is fully ripe,
its moisture content in dry weather decreases to
14%, it is recommended to harvest grains with
combines in the middle of waxy ripeness, since
significantly greater losses will occur in the phase
of full ripeness; In addition to shedding, grain in
this phase is also the most sensitive to moisture
(it absorbs and releases moisture very easily,
acquiring the greatest hygroscopicity).
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
88
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
86-89
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Drying grain accelerates the process of post-
harvest ripening, ensures storage stability, and
improves the technological and sowing qualities
of grain. Currently, there are high-performance
automated grain drying plants. However, with
small production volumes and low humidity of
freshly harvested grain, their use is unprofitable
in the conditions of collective farms, breeding and
seed stations, as it is associated with large capital
investments and high energy costs. The
disadvantage of high-temperature grain dryers is
also the contamination of grain and the
environment with toxic products of fuel
combustion; uneven heating of the grain mass
and the formation of cracks caused by high drying
speed, which reduces the technological and
sowing qualities of the grain.
Grain drying technology is developing along the
path of transition from processing a dense, low-
moving layer to processing individual grains in a
fluidized bed and in a pneumatic tube, as well as
combining processing operations [3]. Due to the
fact that under these conditions heat exchange
occurs much more intensely than mass exchange,
when drying grain with significant humidity
(initial humidity of the order of 20% or more), it
is advisable to use combined heating and cooling
cycles. In this case, a certain part of the moisture
is removed during the cooling of grain heated to
the optimal temperature, using self-evaporation
and the phenomenon of thermal and moisture
conductivity, which transforms the latter from
the category of harmful phenomena into useful
ones [4].
The use of natural drying of grain on a current or
floor-mounted grain dryers with electric heaters
requires a lot of labor and electricity. At the same
time, it seems promising to use active natural
drying with solar power plants and energy
accumulators as part of storage facilities or grain
dryers. In fact, calculations show that the cost of
fuel alone for drying grain is approximately half of
its selling price [5].
The heat sources in the case of using this
approach in the storage are a conventional solid
or liquid fuel stove and a solar collector combined
with an external southern wall. The air heated by
the collector enters the room through hatches
(closed at night and in cold cloudy weather)
under the ceiling and, mixed with warm air from
the stove by a fan, is directed down a vertical air
duct into the underground space filled with gravel
and pebbles that accumulate heat. From here it
enters the room through the floor and special
gaps along the walls. Reducing heat loss can be
achieved both as a result of planning measures
and with the help of special devices. The main
task of the layout is to select the optimal shape of
the storage facility with a minimum perimeter of
non-heat-receiving walls, with an increase in the
southern front. Taking into account also the
distribution of grain pressure over horizontal and
vertical sections, we can recommend a round
(cylindrical silo) or semicircular - trapezoidal (for
a storage building) section. The accumulator
(made of pebbles and gravel), due to the
accumulation of thermal energy during the day,
and increased draft (in the exhaust pipe) prevent
the formation of condensation in the storage and
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
89
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
86-89
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
the increase in grain moisture during the rainy
season, which allows grain to be stored
throughout the entire period without loss of
quality.
Another promising area is storing grain in an
environment of inert gases (nitrogen), at a high
content of carbon dioxide and at a very low
concentration of oxygen. In this case, the
following advantages additionally appear: no
need for fumigation, slowing down and stopping
the development of molds, reducing insect
activity, eliminating fluctuations in the
temperature of the grain mass and self-heating,
preservation of grain at critical humidity for a
much longer time (than in the presence of
atmospheric air), better and significantly longer
maintenance of grain viability and properties
without the use of additional measures [2].
С
ОNСLUSIОN
Experience shows that for the reliable
preservation of grain in Uzbekistan, granaries are
needed, the total capacity of which exceeds the
average annual gross harvest by 1.5-1.8 times.
This allows you to compensate for annual yield
fluctuations, take into account the volumetric
mass of grain of various crops, separately process
and store different quality batches of grain, and
have a carryover grain balance of up to 20% of
consumption.
R
ЕFЕRЕNСЕS
1.
Tsuglenok, N.V. Methodology for determining
the thermophysical properties of grain
material [Text] / N.V. Tsuglenok, S.K.
Manasyan, N.V. Demsky, N.N. Cones //
Bulletin of KrasGAU, No. 4.
–
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2017.
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pp. 131
–
133.
2.
Boumans G. Effective processing and storage
of grain / Transl. from English
–
M.:
Agropromizdat, 2011.
–
607 p.
3.
Manasyan, S.K. Combined bunker installation
for drying and cleaning grain material [Text] /
S.K. Manasyan, O.V. Pilyaeva // Vestn.
KrasGAU.
–
2018.
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No. 6.
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P. 135-138.
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Manasyan, S.K. Chamber grain dryer [Text] /
S.K. Manasyan // Vestn. KrasGAU.
–
2019.
–
No. 2.
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P. 166-170.
5.
Baydakov E.M. Application of renewable
energy sources for drying grain // Bulletin of
the Saratov State Agrarian University named
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p.32-36.
