Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
226
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
03
Pages:
226-231
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
The article provides information about the genres of Uzbek folk art. The method of developing the spiritual
and moral education of future teachers through folklore is highlighted. The role of folklore genres in
education is given.
K
EYWORDS
Folklore, folk epics, folk tales, folk drama, askia.
I
NTRODUCTION
The independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan
creates great opportunities to study the history of
our national culture, to express an objective
opinion about it, to restore our values, to
objectively assess our ancient rich history, and to
create conditions for free-thinking and open-
mindedness.
It is clear to everyone that after the
independence of Uzbekistan, there were very
sharp and great changes in the field of education,
in terms of restoring national morals, in terms of
further development of national customs, various
traditions, and national values. The great future is
definitely directly related to educating young
people with deep knowledge and pure and pure
morals.
It is known that works of literature and art are
created due to the needs of society at certain
stages of its development, express and reflect the
life of this society, develop together with this
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
THE ROLE OF UZBEK FOLKLORE GENRES IN SPIRITUAL AND
MORAL EDUCATION
Submission Date:
March 20,
2024,
Accepted Date:
March 25, 2024,
Published Date:
March 30, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-04-03-41
Abdurakhimova Mukhabat Allayevna
Teacher of the Department of Pedagogy, Termiz State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan
Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
227
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
03
Pages:
226-231
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
society and serve as spiritual wealth for the next
generations. does. A certain social society may
disappear and be replaced by a new social system.
But works of literature and art do not disappear,
but because they reflect universal ideals and
belong to a certain era and people, they are
historical and eternal. It is possible to apply these
ideas to the oral creation of the people, which
appeared a little earlier than the written
literature. Folklore and its genres have traveled a
long and complex historical path. For thousands
of years, the creative people created a rich literary
heritage in various genres of folklore.
Genre forms in folklore, like literary types and
genre forms in written literature, influence each
other and complement each other. More
precisely, in folklore, the synthesis of genres
continues continuously. Genres of folk art are
equally progressive
can't. Maybe literature can develop unevenly
based on the demand of the time and society.
Proverb, which is considered the oldest genre
form of folklore, has continuously developed in all
eras and societies. But this opinion cannot be
developed in relation to epics, which are
considered a major genre of folklore. Because at
the beginning of the 19th century, epics
developed a lot, but now large epics are not being
created at all, or the possibilities of this genre are
found in other forms of written literature.
Nevertheless, various poetic forms and genres
have been created in folk art for thousands of
years, and a certain literary tradition has emerged
in folklore. Therefore, it is possible to
scientifically study the problem of genres in
folklore, classify folklore genres and determine
their genre characteristics.
Taking into account the formal poetic features of
folklore, they can be divided into the following
genres:
Folk epics.
Folk tales.
Folk drama.
Askia.
Anecdotes of Effendi.
Folk songs.
Folk proverbs.
Riddles.
FOLK EPISTLES
Epics are one of the largest genres of folk art. An
epic is a large-scale poetic work that describes the
interactions and experiences of heroes, has a
romantic or fantastic content. Prose passages are
also given in it (within the work). Epics are
people's history told by the people themselves.
Epics reflect the features of each historical period,
social system, and folk psychology in an artistic
form. Because epics are created among the
people, creative people express their dreams,
aspirations and feelings through epics. Epics are
significant compared to other genres of folklore,
both in terms of volume and in terms of wide and
comprehensive interpretation of the system of
images that reflect reality. That is why epics are
Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
228
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
03
Pages:
226-231
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
sometimes called folk novels. Epics are usually
created by individual authors. However, as a
result of word-of-mouth transmission over the
centuries, their first performer is forgotten and
becomes a national creation. Various cycles of folk
epics, variants and versions will appear. It is
known that the main characteristic of folklore
epics is that the creative process has a collective
character.
For example, it is said that Ernazar Bakhshi sang
six tunes from the epic "Alpomish" in the
presence of Nasrullah, the Emir of Bukhara. In this
case, he added new obstacles to the rescue of the
hero, who was imprisoned by the Kalmyks, with
the help of the Boychibor vulture. In the end,
Nasrullah, who had no more patience, saddled his
war horse and tied it in front of the poet. The wise
poet, who was proud of this, included this episode
in the saga, as if the emir's horse went to save
Alpomish, and it was shown that he was saved by
this horse.
It is known that folk epics began to appear in the
eras when a single individual began to fight
against his clans, tribes and communities with the
collapse of the tribal system. As a result of social
development period, the events did not fit into
existing genres such as fairy tales, stories, lyrical
poems, and as a result of the growing demand to
describe events in a complex epic plan, the epic
genre began to appear.
Also, it can be said that in the past, the activities
of historical figures, folk ritual songs, folk tales,
people's way of life and traditions, and various
sources have motivated the formation of the epic
genre. The epic genre in folklore differs from
epics in written literature by its specific features.
This difference is clearly visible in the ideological
and content of the epic theme, in the plot and
compositional construction, and in the system
and style of images. These differences are mainly
as follows. The heroes of epics win a single fight
against their terrible enemies - giants, giants, and
dragons. This feature is the main content of folk
epics. The heroes of the epic are depicted as
alpine (compare Alp Tegin, Alp Arslan, Alp Basmi,
Alpomish) fighters, wrestlers. In epics, heroes are
compared to lions, tigers, leopards. In the epics,
the physical appearance of the characters is
idealized. This is evident in the struggle of the
heroes of the epic with the enemies. For example,
in the epic "Cunning Princess", Avaz compares
and defeats Makotil, who has a huge div, 3, 6, 9
paws, and who comes from Batman to an ant.
In most epics, the courage of the heroes is shown
in their youth. At the age of 14, Alpomish went to
the Kalmyk country for Barchin. Gorogli kills
Badgir at the age of 6, and sets out to save his
father Avaz with 9-year-old Nurali. Another
characteristic of folk epics is the advice of parents
to their children before a long journey. For
example, Hasan Ravshan in the epic "Ravshan".
encourages heroism, courage, justice and
humaneness. In the epics, love and romance, the
heroism of their mistresses, and concubines are
described with a special romantic spirit. In the
plot of the epic, the horse on which the heroes
ride takes the main place. Horses with the names
Bedov, Tulpor, G`irot, Ghirko`k are represented as
close assistants in the adventures of the
Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
229
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
03
Pages:
226-231
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
protagonists of the epic. With the help of a horse,
he covers long distances in a short period of time,
and performs large-scale tasks. The epics also
describe the struggle of the heroes against the
giants and their subjugation. Such images can be
found in epics such as "Malikai ayor", "Yunus
pari", "Balogardon". In general, the epic genre in
folklore has many similar features that
distinguish it from epics in written literature,
which do not repeat each other thematically,
ideologically, and artistically. The epic genre can
be divided into the following types depending on
the thematic and ideological content:
Heroic sagas ("Alpomish")
Romantic epics ("Ravshan" and "Gorogli" series).
Historical epics. (like Shaibani Khan, Tolgonay)
Book epics, "Bahram and Gulandom", "Ashiq
Garib and Shokhsanam" and others.
Proverb is a genre of folklore; short and concise,
figurative and non-figurative, grammatically and
logically complete, wise phrase with deep
meaning. It has a specific shape. Life experiences,
attitude to society, history, mental state, ethical
and aesthetic feelings, and positive qualities of
ancestors are embodied in proverbs. Over the
centuries, it has been refined among the people,
and has become a concise and simple poetic form.
Proverbs are extremely rich and diverse in terms
of subject matter. Various proverbs were created
on topics such as homeland, work, science,
friendship, harmony, wisdom, vigilance, language
and speech culture, love and affection, as well as
negative emotions. Dialectic unity of content and
form, rhyming in many cases, sometimes
polysemy, rich in figurative meanings are
characteristic of a proverb. The phenomenon of
antithesis (contradiction) is often found in
proverbs ("Respect the elder, honor the younger",
etc.).
Examples of the proverbs of the Turkic peoples
are first mentioned in the work "Devonu Lugotit
Turk" by Koshgari. Some of these proverbs are
still used in different variants among the Uzbek
people. Also, in the work of Koshgari, there is a
proverb "Kishi olasi ichtin, yilqi olasi tashtin";
Like "A man is in a crowd, a beast is in a truck."
We use proverbs a lot in life, don't we?
Proverbs are sometimes referred to by names
such as matal, zarbulmasal, naql, hikmat, wise
words, rebuke, words of elders, wise proverbs,
words of sages, words of fathers. The socio-
political and educational importance of proverbs
is very, even extraordinary big A story describes
a thing, its characteristics, and a proverb
expresses a complete conclusion. The word is a
proverb!
Proverbs are important in the life of our people. It
is widely used because it is a wise word consisting
of artistic, figurative reflections. The social,
historical, cultural, household, life experience of
the people is given in a generalized way. As it
appears in the national language as a cover, the
words in the proverb cannot be replaced and
changed by another, and it is not possible. As
proverbs express the conclusion of many
centuries of life experiences, continuous daily
Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
230
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
03
Pages:
226-231
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
observations in the form of a complete thought in
a strict polarity, they are dominated by the
diversity of meaning of each word, the stability of
expressions, and the stability of form. But
depending on the place of use, their range of
meaning is constantly expanding. That is why it is
necessary to pay special attention to each word in
the proverb. They have words that historically
had completely different meanings. For example,
the word salt today refers to a mineral substance.
Historically, this word is correct, polite; field,
plain means and is preserved only in proverbs: If
you save a girl, save salt. Be with the one at home,
not the one in the salt.
Studying the composition of proverbs, it should
be noted that spiritual needs are more important
than material ones. The same meaning is
understood in the saying, "Be a poor man in your
own country until you are a king in his own
country." The same category of people measure
all their problems with the economy (money). For
them, the materiality and abundance of life is
beyond any understanding. But if we conclude
that Babur left his country and remembered his
homeland in a foreign country, suffered and
suffered, we can be sure that the idea of the
proverb is instructive for a person, we can be sure
that it is given in a clear way. In general, folk
proverbs about the Motherland are dominated by
the meanings of comparison, contrast, simile,
comparison. In the proverb given above, the
motifs of the Motherland and the foreign country,
the king and the king are contrasted with each
other. To some extent, these motives are
comparable. This proverb is given in Russian as
"Nachujoy strane i vesna nekrasna" (meaning:
spring is not beautiful in a foreign country). Folk
oral creativity existing in people's life has the
ability to truthfully illuminate moral purity,
character and life events. In particular, almost all
of our great scholars gave a high assessment to all
the requirements set for the criteria of education,
to the Uzbek folk oral creativity, which has high
examples. In the world, our lexicographers such
as Al-Khorazmi, Abul Wafa, Ibn Iraq, Al-Kindi,
Farabi, Beruni have left an incalculable scientific
heritage in the field of education. People's oral
creativity plays a significant role in the formation
of great human qualities, which are considered
the fruit of education. In general, we should
compare folklore and the heritage of the past to a
crystal-clear spring. This spring never hit it does
not remain, it has been bubbling for thousands of
years and will still quench people's thirst. It is not
for nothing that examples of folk art have a
positive effect on the spiritual and moral
education of future teachers and instill in their
hearts the feeling of love for the motherland,
respect for generations, and loyalty to the
motherland.
R
EFRENCES
1.
Karimov I.A. "Uzbekistan on the threshold of
the 21st century" threats to security, guarantees
of stability and development" "Uzbekistan" 1997,
137 p.
2.
Imomov I.I., Mirzaev V.B. Uzbek folk oral poetic
works. T. 1990
3.
Gusev E. "Esthetics of folklore". L. 1967y
Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
231
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
03
Pages:
226-231
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Anikin V.P. Kruglov Yu.G. "Russkoe narodnoe
poeticheskoe tvorchestvo" L.1983
www.ziyonet.uz
www.nur.uz
