Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
157
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
Pages:
157-164
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
The article explores the expressive features and edges of meaning, lexical features of metaphors used in
Uzbek and English narrative texts. There has also been scientific scrutiny of aspects showing the writer's
unique expressive possibilities and skill. The pragmatic possibilities of the productive use of metaphor in
artistic texts, especially in works of the great epic genre, have been studied lyrically.
K
EYWORDS
Lexeme, lexical meaning, prose text, teaching method, artistic text, discourse, metaphorical meaning, novel,
epic works, edges of meaning, methodological possibility, pragmatic analysis, linguistic study, connatative
meaning, dialogue, lexical meaning.
I
NTRODUCTION
Metaphors have been widely studied as the most
important unit representing the linguistic
landscape of the world, and this process
continues organically. It is known that metaphors
are studied mainly on the basis of poetic texts.
Uzbek linguistics also has a number of studies on
the study of metaphors, which are a means of
deeper understanding of the world. For example,
Journal
Website:
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Copyright:
Original
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Research Article
ON THE ANALYSIS OF METAPHORS EXPRESSED IN UZBEK
AND ENGLISH NOVELS
Submission Date:
June 20,
2024,
Accepted Date:
June 25, 2024,
Published Date:
June 30, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-04-06-23
Rozieva Nigora Sapar's daughter
Base doctoral student of Tashkent State University of Uzbek language and Literature named, Uzbekistan
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
158
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
Pages:
157-164
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
U.S. Qabulova considers metaphor to be a literary
innovation and distinguishes it from simile
(tashbeh) with the omission of similes . Putting
metaphor as an alternative to metaphor is the
result of views that have existed in the scientific-
literary heritage. Abdurauf Fitrat, like other
literary scholars, showed metaphor as a poetic art
. As in other languages, the investigation of
metaphors in Uzbek linguistics has found its
serious scientific-research development by the
last decades of the 20th century.
Scientist M.M. Mirtojiev, who conducted
multifaceted research on Uzbek lexicology,
divides metaphors into speech and language
phenomena. To the types of metaphors in German
linguistics:
personification,
symbolization,
allegory, synesthesia: "These types of metaphors
related to the phenomenon of speech can be
applied to metaphors related to the language
phenomenon with some changes. In this case, it is
necessary to exclude the symbolization and
allegories that arise from the pure nature of the
speech . Because symbolization is a metaphor
that occurs in relation to ellipsis in speech. And
the allegory comes to the surface in the context of
speech and intonation. Based on this, metaphors,
which are linguistic phenomena, are divided into
forms such as simple metaphor, personification,
and synesthesia .
Scientists emphasize the need to study metaphors
in different ways . In particular, in prose texts, the
phenomenon of meaning transfer based on
similarity occurs in a unique way and creates new
meanings. In order to study this, it is necessary to
study the texts of prose works, including novels.
In Uzbek literature, the ages of many creators
have been linguistically researched, but the
metaphors in the texts of the literary works of the
famous Uzbek writer Isajon Sultan have not been
analyzed linguistically and pragmatically.
Metaphor plays an important role in enriching the
vocabulary and figurative means of the Uzbek
language. The semantic and stylistic features of
metaphor can be determined by their operation
in different styles. The study of metaphor as a
stylistic category of artistic speech is the key to
the study of figurative-linguistic tools. Isajon
Sultan's works have a high image, the main source
of unique metaphors. They reflect the details of
life and have aesthetic value. Almost all semantic
and stylistic features of metaphors, as well as
their categories, are found in the literary texts of
the writer. His works abound in the high
frequency of the use of metaphors. The analysis of
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
159
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
Pages:
157-164
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
the specific features of metaphorical activity in
the writer's artistic style allowed us to discover
some more stylistic features of them. In the
language of his artistic works, so-called material
metaphors are also used. The nature of the
writer's use of metaphors depends on the way he
chooses to describe certain events. Metaphors are
the main figurative and descriptive tools for the
evaluation properties of the image object, the
living description.
Metaphor is the most common phenomenon in
the language of Isajon Sultan's artistic works. This
helps to develop the meaning of the word and
expand the scope of their use. Metaphor plays an
important role in enriching the vocabulary and
figurative means of the Uzbek language.
Isajon Sultan is known to Uzbek readers as the
author of deep philosophical thoughts,
aspirations of children growing up in the village,
works that make the reader think and think. In the
epic narratives of "Baqi Darbadar", "Bilga
Khaqan", "Masuma", "Alisher Navoiy", "Genetic"
and other works, the pairing of the past and the
present became the writer's creative style. The
writer actively uses metaphors to describe the
characters of his works in intense action and
psychological time pressure.
Methods of metaphorical use of words, as well as
metaphorical naming of works of art are widely
used in Uzbek language. It is known that the main
stylistic functions of metaphors are found in
artistic style. However, metaphors based on prose
texts in the Uzbek language as a linguistic
phenomenon have not been fully and
comprehensively studied.
Writers' unique word formation is explained by
the transfer of individual metaphors to the
category
of
traditional
metaphors.
But
metaphorical expressions, sentences, and many
metaphors found in the context of the author's
texts do not fall into the category of traditional
metaphors due to their individuality. The
peculiarity of such metaphors is that prose
metaphors that appear in the creative process as
a reflection of the writer's mind remain in the
texts of artistic works. They are rarely used in oral
speech. Isajon Sultan is a subtle connoisseur of
the inner world of his characters and skillfully
uses metaphorical words and expressions. In the
description of his novels, the correct
metaphorical use of the word is a priority. For
example:
will pass under the bed .
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
160
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
Pages:
157-164
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
He is the dwarf of this space. He shakes the poplar
leaves and throws himself on the edge of the
stream . Another one is called water breeze. I can't
get far from the pine tree , I wander among the
leaves. Being stronger, he comes a little further
and plays with the long, yellow-bordered leaves
of the corn, which are motionless in the heat .
Some of them
have fun on the roads . Get out of the way. In the
middle of the road or on the edge of the road, you
will see a whirlwind, creating a tiny vortex,
stirring up the dirt. After a while, it calms down by
itself and scatters small debris . Another different
breeze ¬blows from the side of the fields in the
morning and evening. He must have gone there in
the morning and returned to his tracks in the
evening . He goes through the fields until he
reaches the meadow. A blind neighbor notices
him and barks.
- Don't die like a dog, how much do you bark? -
says the mother to him.
A powerful wind coming from far away will
change the environment to gray . Maybe the sky
turns gray because of the dust? At first it sounds
in the blue, then when it comes down it makes a
lot of noises. The bells at the top of the wall are
humming hoarsely. The same sound comes from
bogots. He whistles through the cracks of the gate
. In the yard, the tolsavat sticks hanging on the
wall rustle. [I.Sultan Genetic 5].
In his works, the author uses metaphors to
describe natural phenomena and its features. His
artistic texts contain anthro-morphic metaphors.
N.D. Arutyunova writes that "in order to describe
the internal, psychological state, a person takes
images from the outside world . "
The writer often uses individual, traditional and
lexical
metaphors
of
aesthetic
value.
Anthropomorphic metaphors: " A poplar shakes
its leaves and throws itself by the stream " in
which shaking and throwing itself is
characteristic of a person and is applied to the
wind.
Traditional metaphors are often used in the
writer's work. He always refers to figurative
descriptions, where metaphor is also involved.
Traditional metaphors make it possible to more
clearly define the creative abilities of the writer.
As can be seen from the examples, the writer uses
various aesthetic metaphors in his works. I.
Sultan's metaphor is his favorite means of
expression. He often refers to metaphorical
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
161
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
Pages:
157-164
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
phraseological and paremiological units with a
figurative meaning, which contributes to the
creation of expression in his prose.
This is how life goes on at the pinnacle of the earth
. Every morning, many children go to school and
people go to the fields with their folders on their
shoulders. They don't even know why they are
studying. " You will become a person if you study
," adults say. What is it like to be human ? No one
believes that these children are "human". Yes,
when they graduate from school, they go to the
army, and after the army they get married. Then,
like uncles, they take care of livestock or work in
the fields. Life goes on like this... "[ 2, p. 121].
Language tools speech situations his own
opportunity full manifestation do it get process to
teach it is necessary Artistic texts pragmatic in
aspect when studied the authors of metaphors
how much efficient used known will be , analysis
for choose received prose texts analysis lil and his
units first of all , social event as pragmatic
research to be done it is necessary However next
in years take went mostly studies cognitive -
pragmatic or stylistic importance occupation is
enough Anthropomorphic metaphors Uzbek
language and literature new artistic descriptive
tools with enriched was determined .
Table 1.1
T/r Representation of metaphor in Isajon
Sultan's novels
Representation of metaphors in the
novels of Ernest Hemenguey
1.
"
He shakes the poplar leaves and
throws himself on the edge of the
stream
"
"
The wind
is ,
without a word
to
us
brother
thought
he
,
however
each
always
too
not
2.
He whistles through the cracks of the
gate .
The sea is a metaphor that expresses
the greatest content of the novel.
3.
playing with the long, yellow-
bordered leaves of the corn
Sea
metaphor
whole
life
and
people
in life
themselves
for
to choose
need
has been
roles
means
Lions
the sea
for
metaphor
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
162
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
Pages:
157-164
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
The representation of metaphors in English prose
texts has also been studied by scholars. For
example, E. Hemingway's " Old Man ". and " sea "
in the text of the novel too of metaphors efficient
used witness to be it is possible : " The wind is ,
without a word to us brother thought he ,
however each always too not To the eye
unattached the sea if we take - u too friends to
enemies full Bed - what ..
–
he thought it is a bed
my brother Yes ... simple bed Instead leg
stretching of wisdom himself . Overcome since
you are after from your shoulder like a mountain
overturned light you pull ! - he thought he - Me of
this so many easy to be didn't know I was Who
you overcame he asked , old man ? from himself
himself . - No one , the answer gave - It 's my fault
that 's me from the sea moving away I left ". (" Old
man and sea" )
In the novel The Old Man and the Sea, Ernest
Hemingway uses the literary device of metaphors.
" Santiago's Sail: The old man's sail was "patched
with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag
of permanent defeat" (9). Other fishermen seem
to believe that Santiago himself is a walking
symbol of permanent defeat, as he does not catch
a fish for eighty-four days. Yet, when unfurled, the
sail still carries out its function, carrying Santiago
out into the deepest water where his great marlin
awaits. Likewise, the old man proves himself
when the time comes, giving a lasting impression
of endurance.
Santiago's Hands: The scars on the old man's
hands are introduced in an opening description of
Santiago. His hands "had the deep-creased scars
from handling heavy fish on the cords. But none
of these scars were fresh. They were as old as
erosions in a fishless desert" (10). Later, during
his encounter with the marlin, the line cuts his
right hand when the fish lurches. Santiago
understands, "You're feeling it now, fish .... And so,
God knows, am I" (56). As his hand cramps, and
he begins to worry about the possibility of sharks,
the old man's suffering is evident. This image of
Santiago's bleeding hand, in conjunction with his
suffering at sea, recalls the image of Jesus Christ's
hand bloodied by the nails used to crucify him.
Appropriately, it is only when the boy "saw the
old man's hands" (122) that he starts to cry.
Santiago's Mast: Christian imagery returns near
the end of the novel when Santiago shoulders his
mast after returning, and climbs towards his
shack. It was only then that "he knew the depth of
his tiredness". As the old man stumbles home he
falls, and finds the mast on his back too heavy to
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
Pages:
157-164
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
rise with. The imagery of Christ carrying his cross
continues as Santiago "put the mast down and
stood up. He picked the mast up and put it on his
shoulder and started up the road. He had to sit
down five times before "
Theirs life the ocean or in general life secrets to
understand courage eat can't get on the shore
living all of people his life reflection makes
Exactly so from life Hemingway each always own
to his soul intention until done to escape
movement did Hemingway of metaphors to life
and in life met to people has been their views
reflection carry on for uses Sea metaphor whole
life and people in life themselves for to choose
need has been roles means Lions the sea for
metaphor
Prose texts , in particular , I. Sultan novels analysis
through
linguistically
of
units
lexicon
opportunities research done They are prose texts
impressiveness , attractiveness in raising
extremely important important have language
units , including such metaphors prose in works
hidden meanings expressing coming was
determined . Poetic in the works active artistic
image expression tool calculated metaphors
prose in works to himself special instead of have ,
especially Isajon Sultan like everything in his
novels work the beginning and necessary in
places nature image a person character and mood
suitable without descriptive , human and
existence in harmony discover doer creators , of
course , without metaphor creativity do it ca n't
That's it in a sense artistic texts , in particular , are
large epic genres the text too metaphors in the
example linguistic , pragmatic analysis to do
Uzbek linguistics , and metaphors to be studied
for big importance occupation is enough Isajan
Sultan's " Genetic " novel in the text applied of
metaphors expression features and meaning
edges to the analysis drawn . Also the writer to
himself special expression opportunities and
skills showing standing aspects scientific
checking seen Artistic in texts , especially large
epic genre in the works from metaphor fruitful of
use pragmatic opportunities linguistically
research done Writer Isajan Sultan novels in the
text applied of metaphors expression features
and meaning edges to the analysis drawn Also the
writer
to
himself
special
expression
opportunities and skills showing standing aspects
scientific checking seen
Artistic especially in texts epic genre in the works
from metaphor fruitful of use pragmatic
opportunities linguistically research done In
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
164
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
Pages:
157-164
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
linguistics prose texts analysis through
linguistically of units grammatical , stylistic ,
linguopoetic , psycholinguistic , cognitive -
pragmatic research to be done extremely
important important has , however language
units , including metaphors pragmatic analysis if
it is done , it is linguistic of means social condition
, importance , linguistic value more will
determine .
R
EFERENCES
1.
Receive U.S. The relation of integral and
differential symbols in a metaphorical text (in
the example of Uzbek folk riddles). Phil.
science. nom. scientific school. thesis
submitted to receive. - T., 2007.
2.
Mirtojiev. M.M. Semasiology of the Uzbek
language. -T.: Mumtoz Soz, 2010. -B.96.
3.
Nasrullaeva G. Issues of sociolinguistic
features and lexicographic research of
anthropomorphic
metaphor.
Phil.
Dissertation abstract written for obtaining the
scientific degree of Ph.D. - Ferghana. 2022. 58
p.
4.
Arutyunova N.D. Metaphor and discourse.
Moscow, 1990. -S. 45.
5.
Telia V.N. Metaphorization i ee role v sozdanii
zyzykovoy katiny mira. The role of the human
factor in language: Language and the picture.
Moscow, 1988. -S. 56.
