Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
19
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
Pages:
19-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
This article talks about figurative work on the meanings of abstract words and abstract concepts and their
illumination. Explaining difficult-to-understand words through various images will give students a wide
understanding.
K
EYWORDS
Word, vocabulary, imagery, concept, abstract noun, perception, semiotics, explanation, concept, method,
thinking, abstract.
I
NTRODUCTION
One of the problematic and complex issues in the
work on the vocabulary of primary classes is to
explain the meaning of words that convey
abstract concepts to students of junior school age.
It is known that abstract thinking is not very
developed in elementary school students, and
they mainly have the ability to perceive things
that can be seen with the eyes, that is, concrete
things. Words with abstract meaning express
concepts that cannot be seen with the eyes, held
by the hands, that is, cannot be perceived with the
senses, so the elementary school student can
understand
their
meaning.
difficult
to
understand. This shows the need to develop a
Journal
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Research Article
EXPLAINING ABSTRACT CONCEPTS TO ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL STUDENTS USING IMAGES
Submission Date:
June 02,
2024,
Accepted Date:
June 07, 2024,
Published Date:
June 12, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-04-06-04
Xolmurodova Nilufar Bobomurod qizi
Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute, 3rd grade student of primary education, Uzbekistan
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
20
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
Pages:
19-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
methodology for explaining the meaning of
abstract words in elementary grades. In our
opinion, one such method is to explain abstract
concepts using images. Because as methodologist
Dilorom Yoldosheva said: "Inculcating the
standards of the alphabet, letters, spelling and
pronunciation to students using problem,
discussion and critical methods, reading and
writing them correctly in practice, literary it is
somewhat difficult to emdiv the habit of
observing speech norms. This period of highly
developed memory, reproduction, psychological-
stereotype formation in 7-10-year-old children
does not fully correspond to young psycho-
physiological characteristics. Therefore, at this
stage, educational methods that serve to develop
the image thinking of the student should lead" [3,
64].
Now let's talk about the concept of image. Image
is a concept belonging to the field of semiotics and
is a type of symbol. The characteristic features of
a symbol are as follows: a symbol is an emotional
image of an object; he is the representative
(representative) of the subject; it expresses some
specific meaning; its form has no direct
connection with the defined object [9, 244]. These
features are directly related to the image. In
contrast to the abstract concept, the image shows
the characteristic of visuality, it reflects the reality
not with abstract considerations, but in an
emotional whole, in an unrepeatable way.
There are a lot of abstract words in elementary
reading and mother tongue textbooks. For
example, in the 3rd grade textbook [27], the
following abstract words can be found:
happiness, salvation, science, creativity, fame,
power, faith, independence, independence,
courage, bravery, hope, homeland, dream,
freedom, etc.
If we simply explain these words based on an
explanatory dictionary, a primary school student
will not be able to clearly understand their
meaning. For example, the word happiness is
explained in the explanatory dictionary of the
Uzbek language as follows: Happiness 1. Full
satisfaction of a person with the results of his
work, achievements in life, satisfaction with the
way of life, reaching a certain goal, dreams and
hopes. a spiritual-ethical concept that appears as
a realization. 2. A state of full satisfaction and
freedom from life; happiness, happiness [12,178].
It can be seen that both definitions are abstract
and do not create a clear image in the child.
Or let's take the word justice: Justice - fair
dealing, justice [11, 41]. It is clear that even a
primary school student cannot understand
anything from this comment.
When we explain the same concepts with the
help of an image, the student will have a clear idea
about them. However, it is worth noting that
when we define words with an abstract meaning
using an image, it is necessary to give its main
explanation.
Otherwise,
the
student's
understanding of this phenomenon will remain
incomplete.
In this regard, if we rely on the experience of our
ancestors, we will be on the right path. For
example, in the textbook of the 1st grade reading
book, Yusuf Khos Hajib wrote a beautiful example
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
21
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
Pages:
19-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
of explaining abstract words. The great scholar
explains the words education, understanding, and
knowledge as follows: "Learning, understanding
is like a torch in the dark night, and knowledge is
like the light radiating from this torch" [32, 50 ].
What a beautiful and precise definition, isn't it?!
Below we will give an example of the
interpretation of several words with an abstract
meaning by means of an image.
The word happiness can be explained as follows:
Readers, happiness is a state of joy, satisfaction,
full of life. Happiness is a multi-dimensional
concept. Happiness can be compared to a flower
with few leaves.
The teacher draws the following picture on the
board or hangs a ready-made picture:
The teacher comments on the picture: "Here,
students, as you can see, happiness consists of
health, a harmonious and loving family, loyal
friends, wealth, peace and prosperity of our
country, a dream and achieving it. If a person has
all these, he can be called a happy person. Without
any of these, a person's happiness will not be
complete.
In order to activate the students, the teacher
asked them: "What other leaves can be added to
this flower of happiness?" - he can ask a question
and increase the number of leaves together with
the students.
The word Savob can be explained as follows:
"Students, Savob is an unbiased help to others, a
good deed. Sawab can be likened to a fruit tree
giving fruit to people or a spring giving water.
Neither the tree nor the spring is grateful for its
fruit and water. A person should not be grateful
for a good deed he has done."
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
22
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
Pages:
19-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
The teacher can explain the word generation
using the image of a tree as follows:
"Students,
generation
means
children,
grandchildren, great-grandchildren. The word
generation cannot be understood without the
word ancestor. Ancestors are ancestors who
passed before the generation. Descendants and
ancestors can be likened to a huge tree. Here,
look."
The teacher shows the following picture to the
students:
As you can see, the underground roots of the tree
are our ancestors. The stronger our connection to
our ancestors, the stronger the tree. Because it
feeds on tree roots. If we respect our ancestors,
follow their traditions, read and study the books
written by them, we will strengthen our
relationship with our ancestors. Branches and
branches of the tree are our descendants, that is,
our children. The trunk of the tree is the "I" itself.
It is through "I" that the connection between
ancestors and descendants takes place."
The word justice can be explained using an image
as follows: "Students, justice is treating people
equally, not harming another person for
someone's benefit. Our great grandfather Abdulla
Awlani defines the word justice as: "Justice means
respecting the property and honor of others" [1,
38].
As the great scholar Jalaluddin Rumi said:
It's not good for you,
If you look at it as a bad thing, it will be good [2,
172].
Therefore, a just person does not treat others
with what he does not treat himself. Because the
one who doesn't do justice is wronged. We call a
person who oppresses a tyrant.
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
23
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
Pages:
19-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
It looks like a scale of justice (the teacher shows
a picture of a scale). If the same load is placed on
both sides of the scale, its two sides are equal, that
is, the balance is maintained. If a heavier load is
placed on one part, one part of the scale will be
high and one part will be low, the balance will be
disturbed, that is, injustice will occur.
In short, when words expressing abstract
concepts are explained to elementary school
students with the help of images, children have a
clear idea about this concept.
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EFERENCES
1.
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Fuzailov S., Xudoyberganova M., Yoʻldosheva
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Toshkent:
«O‘qi
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152 b.
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Hamrayeva Y. O‘zbek tilining o‘zlashma
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asr avlodi», 2007.
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104 b.
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Ikromova R., G‘ulomova X., Yo‘ldosheva Sh.,
Shodmonqulova D. Ona tili. 4-sinf uchun
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