Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
66
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
Pages:
66-71
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
Human anatomy is a fundamental subject of medical education, knowledge of which is necessary for the
professional training of doctors of any specialty. It is the first step in the formation of clinical thinking. A
doctor who does not know anatomy is helpless in practical actions, unconvincing in judgments, and cannot
fully analyze examination data.
K
EYWORDS
Anatomy, strategy, quality of education, medicine, clinical motivation, teaching, div systems.
I
NTRODUCTION
Medical education is going through a period of
reforms, not all of which can, unfortunately, be
regarded as progressive, contributing to the
improvement of the quality of students' training.
However, one thing is certain - it is impossible to
maintain a stable conservative belief that any
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Research Article
FEATURES OF TEACHING ANATOMY TO MEDICAL STUDENTS
Submission Date:
October 20,
2024,
Accepted Date:
October 25, 2024,
Published Date:
October 30, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-04-10-10
Kattakhodjaeva Dinara Utkurkhodjaevna
Senior Lecturer of the Department of Human Anatomy and OXTA,
Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan
Ibragimova Gulzira Dzhanabaevna
Assistants of the Department of Anatomy and OXTA of the Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan
Yusupova Shakhnozakhan Abdikarim kyzy
Assistants of the Department of Anatomy and OXTA of the Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan
Farmonov Shahzod Fazliddinovich
Assistants of the Department of Anatomy and OXTA of the Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan
Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
67
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
Pages:
66-71
OCLC
–
1368736135
deviations from the classical version are
undesirable. Much has changed: the information
capabilities of students have increased
dramatically,
they
have
become
more
independent, able to use the widest range of
specialized literature on morphology via the
Internet, including methodological literature.
New information capabilities are perhaps the
most important incentive for finding modern
optimal options for teaching medical disciplines
in general and anatomy in particular.
The rejection of traditional teaching on
anatomical preparations has recently been
motivated by the difficulties of their production,
storage, and cultural, religious and legal
obstacles.
The
essential
importance
of
preparations of human div organs lies not only
in their reliable illustrativeness. This is also a way
of psychological influence on a future doctor, a
call for exceptional care, respect for those who,
even after passing away, continue to benefit
science. We believe that natural preparations
serve not only educational purposes, but are also
absolutely irreplaceable in conducting students'
educational and research work. They provide the
opportunity for comparative research with the
identification
of
structural
variants,
determination of age-related features, and
morphometry.All this is absolutely meaningless
on artificial, even perfectly executed dummies
and drawings.
Work with natural museum specimens should be
continued, naturally observing legal formalities,
subject to compliance with hygienic standards
that preserve the health of students. Its
importance for the formation of medical thinking
and obtaining specific knowledge is difficult to
overestimate. It is possible to use plasticized
preparations, however, they are expensive and
cannot fully provide a natural appearance of an
organ or div part. Without diminishing or
exaggerating the importance of using natural
preparations, one cannot exclude the search for a
justifiably acceptable alternative replacement for
demonstration and educational material.
When studying human anatomy and physiology,
an important component is ensuring the clarity of
teaching. There are a sufficient number of
computer technologies that allow interactive
learning. This facilitates the understanding of
complex biological processes, and also makes it
more accessible to assimilate large volumes of
new material by systematizing the knowledge
gained. The explanation becomes more visual. For
each lecture, a multimedia presentation has been
prepared, which includes drawings from modern
atlases of normal anatomy.
Three-dimensional computer reconstructions of
organs and systems of the human div have been
added to some presentations. The use of
computer animation partially replaces the
difficult-to-implement need to work with
biological material. With the help of three-
dimensional modeling of the human div,
students can easily familiarize themselves not
only with the structure of individual organs and
tissues, but also with the functioning of the div
as a whole. It is well known that lectures prepared
using computer technologies are absorbed by
students better.
Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
68
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
Pages:
66-71
OCLC
–
1368736135
Currently, significant teaching methods are
associated with the introduction of interactive
learning technologies. The problem of a shortage
of the necessary highly specialized literature can
be avoided by using electronic atlases. They are
installed on a tablet or laptop, which almost all
students have. Electronic textbooks with
embedded hyperlinks allow you to instantly go to
the desired sections, enlarge and collapse the
necessary illustrations, tables and diagrams. The
use of interactive encyclopedias and atlases
"Human Anatomy and Physiology" allows you to
supplement the information base within the
course being studied and expand the
methodological capabilities of the teacher due to
various components (videos, animations, etc.).
The demonstration of details continues during
the active consultation, when students
independently study the preparations. Not all
practical classes on finished preparations should
begin with a demonstration. For example, there is
no point in demonstrating such bones as the
humerus, femur, frontal, occipital, etc.These
bones can be successfully studied independently,
even using an atlas. It is necessary to encourage
students to independently solve unclear
questions, with subsequent verification of the
solution by the teacher.
This brings significantly and noticeably more
benefit than receiving a ready-made answer from
the teacher. Another positive aspect in studying
the subject using alternative methods are
computer tests on the material covered. With
their help, students can independently assess
their knowledge and quickly get the result,
without the help of a teacher. Case technology is
also used in training, using situational tasks that
contribute to the acquisition of knowledge and
the formation of skills and abilities as a result of
active independent work of students in solving
problematic issues. The use of modern
information and communication technologies in
teaching human anatomy and physiology
increases the effectiveness of students'
perception of educational material. Anatomy is at
a methodological crossroads: it has a transition to
border areas - histology, physiology, surgery,
pathology, etc. The use of modern data that have
an anatomical basis increases students' interest
in the material being studied, ensures
professional focus of training, continuity of
anatomy and clinical subjects, and improves the
quality of the educational process. Disclosure of
the pathogenesis of diseases, improvement of
surgical technologies are based on the
accumulated comprehensive information about
the details of the structure, development of
organs and systems.
In practical anatomy classes, one can give a large
number of examples of applied anatomy. For
example, when studying the functional anatomy
of the urinary system, one can pose a clinical
problem: a) name the possible pathogenetic
factors that contribute to changes in the
ligamentous fixing apparatus of the kidneys and
predispose to the development of nephroptosis
and pathologically mobile kidney, "renmobilis"
(decreased muscle tone of the abdominal wall,
infectious diseases that reduce the activity of the
mesenchyme, sudden weight loss with a decrease
Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
69
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
Pages:
66-71
OCLC
–
1368736135
in the thickness of the fatty coat of the kidneys),
kidney injuries with ligament rupture; b) why
does nephroptosis develop more often in women
and mainly on the right? (constitutional features -
a wider female pelvis, impaired tone of the
abdominal wall as a result of pregnancy and
childbirth, a lower position of the right kidney in
the norm and a stronger ligamentous apparatus
of the left kidney); c) what is the danger of renal
prolapse? (stretching and twisting of its main
vessels, kink of the ureter, leading to impaired
hemodynamics and urine outflow); d) if the
patient is indicated for kidney surgery, from
which side should the surgery be performed so as
not to penetrate the peritoneal cavity.
The teacher outlines the main stages of its
resolution for the students independently (study
of the renal fixation apparatus, the concepts of
"renal bed" and "vascular pedicle", the renal
membranes, its normal topography, etc.). For
successful students, the research method of
developmental learning can be used - offer the
topic "Abnormalities in the development of the
kidneys and urinary tract" in the form of an
educational study.To implement problem-
oriented learning, along with the traditional
(visual demonstration and explanation), it is
necessary in teaching anatomy: to emphasize the
practical, functional context; pay more attention
to the topographic and anatomical relationships
of organs; highlight their clinical aspects through
the details of the structure of organs; introduce
into the educational process an explanation and
general familiarization with the data of various
clinical studies of man; use modern audiovisual
technical means of teaching, multimedia
complexes, interactive boards and interactive
tables; make wider use of museum preparations
in the learning process, dissection of anatomical
material by students under the guidance of a
teacher outside of class time. The advantages of
using situational tasks in teaching students are
that they promote interest in the subject,
consolidation
of
acquired
knowledge,
independent work with literature, the ability to
operate with available anatomical information
and creatively approach the analysis of
morphological data, help the student to check the
correctness of his anatomical ideas in their
clinical aspect, study the structure of the human
div in more depth.
In teaching human anatomy, developmental
teaching
methods
are
not
sufficiently
implemented; the function of traditional forms
and methods of teaching should be reoriented to
self-development of students' creative thinking.
On the other hand, a serious problem in medical
universities has become the reduction in the
number of hours devoted to the study of human
anatomy, which is especially important for
certain specialties ("dentistry", "medical and
preventive care", "nursing", "pharmacy"),
especially for those students who already need
professional training in anatomy in the chosen
specialty. Thus, in order to be aimed at modern
standards of the educational process and the
training of highly qualified specialists, the vector
in teaching human anatomy should be directed
towards clinical competencies, the use of all the
Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
Pages:
66-71
OCLC
–
1368736135
best traditional and more advanced, modernized
forms and technologies of teaching.
C
ONCLUSION
In conclusion, it can be said that the proposed
teaching methods contribute to the development
of students' skills in mastering anatomical
information, creatively approaching the analysis
of morphological data and bring theoretical
knowledge of human anatomy closer to the needs
of the clinic. Medical schools still do not pay
enough attention to the development of students'
individual creative thinking style.
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