Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
4
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
04-07
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
713
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article discusses the mandatory health insurance system in Central Asian countries, its peculiarities, organization,
and legislative processes. Also, special attention was paid to the introduction and formation of the medical insurance
system in Central Asian countries such as Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan. In addition, the role of mandatory
medical insurance in the development of the health care system is discussed.
KEYWORDS
Medical services, insurance policies, health insurance, medical institutions, contributions.
INTRODUCTION
According to the decision of the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev "On
measures to further develop the private sector in the
field of health care", the concept of the draft law "On
Medical Insurance" in the republic is planned. [1] It was
noted that from 2021, Uzbekistan will gradually
introduce a compulsory health insurance system and
develop relevant laws and regulations with the help of
international
consultants
from
South
Korea,
Singapore, and Germany. This law stipulates that the
coverage of every citizen by the medical insurance
system is general and mandatory, as is their equal right
to medical and preventive services, as well as a
guarantee of high-quality medical services in
accordance with the insurance policy.
Research Article
PECULIARITIES OF THE MANDATORY HEALTH INSURANCE SYSTEM IN
CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES: UZBEKISTAN, KAZAKHSTAN, TAJIKISTAN
AS AN EXAMPLE
Submission Date:
April 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
April 25, 2023,
Published Date:
April 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijhps/Volume03Issue04-02
Isokulov Elbek Anvarovich
Master's Student Of University Of World Economy And Diplomacy, Faculty Of International Relations,
Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijhps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
5
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
04-07
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
713
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
It is no secret that the prices of medical services have
been increasing in recent years. In such a case, the non-
rich segments of the population may not have the
financial opportunity to use highly qualified medical
services. One of the main goals of compulsory health
insurance is to create the same opportunity for
everyone to use medical services, eliminating this
problem.
The
introduction
of
comprehensive
mandatory medical insurance in the countries of
Central Asia will lead to an increase in the quality of
medical services and, in turn, will allow citizens to fully
exercise their right to use qualified medical services.
Simply put, compulsory medical insurance is used to
prevent the risk of not being able to pay a large amount
of money for medical services at once in cases where
the citizen's health deteriorates.
In order to introduce mechanisms specific to market
relations in the healthcare system of Uzbekistan and
ensure high-quality satisfaction of the population's
need for medical services, the government of the
republic carried out complex activities. However,
ensuring the efficient use of state budget funds in the
financing of healthcare facilities requires the use of
financing sources used in international practice in
Uzbekistan. Due to this, the introduction of a
mandatory medical insurance system in Uzbekistan is
considered a necessary need.
Although there are many specific positive aspects of
the implementation of medical insurance in
Uzbekistan,
statistical
information
on
the
implementation of medical insurance in the insurance
market of Uzbekistan is not available from the press or
published on the insurance companies websites, and
this situation weakens interest in health insurance. On
the contrary, it is necessary to strengthen the
demonstration to the public on Internet sites, through
various portals, and through the press.
Item 160 of the 2019 State Program of Uzbekistan on
"Introduction of Compulsory Medical Insurance"
specifies specific tasks. According to this, the Ministry
of Health should submit a bill to the Legislative
Chamber on July 1, 2019. It envisages the gradual
introduction of mandatory medical insurance from
2021 to 2025. Insurance is carried out in three stages:
1. In the short term, the preparatory stage (2019
–
2021)
2. In the medium-term perspective, the initial stage of
introducing mandatory medical insurance for
employees of state and private organizations (2021
–
2023)
3. Phase of expanded introduction of long-term
compulsory medical insurance
—
insurance coverage
for all segments of the population (2023-2025)
The drafting of the law is based on the positive
experience of South Korea and Turkey, and local
doctors, insurers, financiers, etc. and WHO experts
participated in its preparation. [2]
Health insurance in Kazakhstan is mandatory for all
citizens of the country. It is provided through the
National Compulsory Health Insurance (CHI) system,
which was introduced in 1997. Within the framework of
compulsory medical insurance, citizens of Kazakhstan
have the right to receive free medical care in state
medical institutions. At the same time, private medical
clinics and hospitals may provide services for an
additional fee.
CHI covers most medical services, including doctor's
consultations, laboratory tests, procedures, surgeries,
and medications. However, some services, such as
cosmetic surgery and certain types of medications, are
not covered by the CHI. Insurance contributions to
compulsory health insurance are paid by the state,
employers, and citizens. The amount of insurance
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
6
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
04-07
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
713
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
premiums depends on wages and other factors. There
is also additional health insurance provided by private
insurance companies. It may cover additional services
and drugs, as well as provide a higher level of service in
private medical institutions.
The legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on
compulsory social medical insurance stipulates the
following:
1. The legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on
compulsory social health insurance is based on the
Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan and
consists of this Law and other regulatory legal acts of
the Republic of Kazakhstan.
2. If an international treaty ratified by the Republic of
Kazakhstan establishes other rules than those
contained in this Law, then the rules of the
international treaty shall apply.
3. Legal relations regulated by the legislation of the
Republic of Kazakhstan on compulsory social health
insurance are not subject to the legislation of the
Republic of Kazakhstan on insurance and insurance
activities.[3]
The principles of compulsory social medical insurance
include compliance and implementation of the
legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on
compulsory social medical insurance, compulsory
payment of contributions, joint responsibility of the
state, employers and citizens. Also, the availability and
quality of the provided medical care, the use of the
fund only for the provision of medical care in the
mandatory social medical insurance system, and the
transparency of the fund's activities are also
important.
Health insurance in Tajikistan is a fairly new
phenomenon and is under development. Currently,
there are several health insurance companies in
Tajikistan that offer various types of health insurance
for individuals and legal entities. Many government
organizations and large companies provide health
insurance to their employees. However, the bulk of the
population of Tajikistan still does not have health
insurance. In general, health insurance in Tajikistan
covers basic medical services such as doctor's
consultations, hospital treatment, diagnostic tests,
etc. However, coverage may differ depending on the
selected insurance program and the terms of the
contract.
Despite the fact that health insurance in Tajikistan is at
an early stage of development, its importance and
demand for it is constantly growing. The purpose of
compulsory health insurance is to guarantee the
provision of insured citizens of the Republic of
Tajikistan with high-quality medical and sanitary
services and medicines within the framework of the
compulsory health insurance program. The objectives
of compulsory health insurance are:
-
improving the access of insured persons to health
care services within the framework of the
compulsory health insurance program;
-
targeted and rational financing of medical and
sanitary services, drug provision in the system of
compulsory medical insurance;
-
quality management of the provided medical and
sanitary services, drug provision in the system of
compulsory medical insurance;
-
protection of the rights and interests of insured
persons when receiving medical and sanitary and
other services in the field of healthcare in
accordance with the programs of compulsory
medical insurance. [4]
Ensuring equal rights to health services within the
framework of the compulsory medical insurance
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
7
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
04-07
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
713
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
program, regardless of the social status of the insured
person and the amount of the contribution,
compulsory medical insurance based on contracts
between the subjects of compulsory medical insurance
regulation of relations in the system, transparency of
compulsory medical insurance budget execution in
front of contributors and ensuring legal protection of
insured citizens are defined as the main principles of
compulsory medical insurance.
In conclusion, medical insurance not only guarantees
the health of the population, but also can be an
opportunity to positively solve some issues such as the
material and technical base of medical institutions,
corruption, bureaucracy, queues and lack of personnel.
In Central Asian nations, mandatory health insurance is
a relatively recent idea, and how it is implemented
varies.
In Kazakhstan, mandatory health insurance was
implemented in 1997 with the goal of ensuring that all
citizens had access to healthcare. The system, which
provides coverage for a variety of services like as
outpatient and inpatient treatment, diagnostic tests,
and medications, is supported through payments from
companies, employees, and the government.In 2016, a
Social Health Insurance Fund was established to
become the strategic purchaser of publicly paid health
services. The fund began collecting insurance
premiums from employees and employers in 2017. It
was originally supposed to begin reimbursing medical
services provided under the health insurance scheme
in January 2018. [5] In Tajikistan, compulsory health
insurance was implemented in 2017 with the goal of
raising the standard of medical care and lowering
patients' out-of-pocket costs. The system, which pays
for a variety of services like primary care,
hospitalization, and pharmaceuticals, is supported by
contributions from businesses, workers, and the
government. There is no mandated health insurance
system in existence and the government mostly
provides healthcare in Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
To improve the caliber and accessibility of care for their
populations, both nations, however, have recently
taken moves to overhaul their healthcare systems.
REFERENCES
1.
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat
Mirziyoyev
“Health
measures
for
further
development of the private sector in the field of
storage on” decision No. PQ
-2863 dated April 1,
2017.
2.
https://uzbekinvest.uz/uz/news/tibbij-sugurta-
soglik--kafolati-buloladimi
3.
“Об обязательном социальном медицинском
страховании” Обновленный. Закон Республики
Казахстан от 16 ноября 2015 года № 405
-
V ЗРК.
4.
LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN dated June
18, 2008 No. 408 “About health insurance in the
Republic of Tajikistan”
5.
Health systems in action: Kazakhstan: 2022 edition
Copenhagen; World Health Organization. Regional
Office for Europe; 2022.
