Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
17
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
17-21
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
713
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Since the 70s, the PRC has been following the concept of multipolarity in the international arena. In the world today,
the People’s Republic of
China is developing various mechanisms of influence in order to strengthen its image in the
world. The Confucius Institute, the foundation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization behind the disintegration of
the former union, and the influence of this organization today, relations with the USA, Russia, Central Asia, as well as
Uzbekistan, prospects, security cooperation issues form the content of this article.
KEYWORDS
Multipolarity, international, Sezd, GDP, Central Asia, situation, process, soft power, SCO, Confucius Institute, former
union, security, military, tourism, social - cooperation.
INTRODUCTION
In the early years of independence, the PRC formulated
the following five principles of peaceful coexistence
that can meet the requirements of today's times:
mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty;
do not attack; not to interfere in each other's internal
affairs; equality and mutually beneficial cooperation;
peaceful coexistence in the development of diplomatic
relations and friendly economic and cultural
cooperation with other countries. In this way, China
will have the opportunity to be vigilant in international
domestic and foreign policy, to determine who is its
friend and who is its enemy.
Research Article
THE IMPACT OF REFORMS IN THE PRC ON FOREIGN POLICY
Submission Date:
February 18, 2023,
Accepted Date:
February 23, 2023,
Published Date:
February 28, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijhps/Volume03Issue02-05
Sh. I. Shazamanov
Candidate Of Political Sciences, Associate Professor Researcher Of Tashkent State University Of Oriental
Studies, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijhps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
18
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
17-21
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
713
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The Chinese interpretation of multipolarity (“Duōjí
shìjiè”)(
多极世界
) in the concept of balance is not only
the power of any country, but also the system of
building many international relations in which national
interests are taken into account first. This idea, which
reflects the desire of states to conduct an independent
policy in the world, envisages the end of the unlimited
domination of “one or two” powerful countries in the
center of the world.
At the 16th Congress of the Communist Party of China
(November 2002), the protection doctrine related to
the foreign policy of the PRC was scientifically justified
from the point of view of its time. When Sezd says
“democratization
and
justice
in
international
relations”, firstly, recognition of the diversity of the
world and the multiplicity of development models of
countries, secondly, solving security problems, gently
implementing politics through consultations without
using
military
force,
and
thirdly,
economic
cooperation, mutual moral and cultural enrichment,
fourthly, it is understood that the conduct of affairs of
international importance in accordance with the
principle of equality and consultation.
As one of the main features of the foreign policy of
the PRC, it is worth emphasizing the importance of
economic elements. As a result of the reforms carried
out in the PRC for decades, the current regional socio-
political impact has arisen.
At the 18th session held in November 2014, General
Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the idea of “Concept
of cooperation and mutual success”. According to him,
this issue should cover four areas related to politics,
economy, security and culture.
The “way of peaceful
development” [1] of the PRC
occupies an important place in the process of universal
development in the protection of peace and in finding
a solution to the problems that cause global conflicts
and confronting them. The People’s Republic of China
is one of the first countries to pledge not to use nuclear
weapons and not to threaten non-nuclear countries
and territories with nuclear weapons. The People’s
Republic of China has become the largest permanent
member of the United Nations, having sent 21,000 UN-
led peacekeepers for 30 peacekeeping missions.
As GDP grows, China’s membership contributions
increase. As a result, his contributions to peace-
building activities are continuously increasing. China,
one of the influential players in world politics, belongs
to the group of consumer countries, and its need for
resources in this regard is constantly growing.
As a result of 40 years of reform experiences, the PRC
supports all efforts in developing peaceful relations
with various countries, such as strategic partnership
and negotiations, cooperation in the field of regional
security, and participation in UN peacekeeping military
operations.
PRC’s “spreading arms” to Central Asia with the help
of CSTO is characterized by regional stability, then
energy security, and finally, its geopolitical relations
with the USA. A. Khojaev, one of the Uzbek analysts,
said that “China has been looking at Central Asia as a
neighboring region of great importance in terms of
political and economic security” [2].
In the nearest and mid-term perspective, that is, up to
3-5 years, the USA and China will have the main
influence on the political processes in Central Asia,
apart from Russia. In such a situation, Russia will
“maintain military
-
strategic cooperation with the PRC”
in the region [3]. Improving economic relations with
Central Asia has become an important component of
China’s policy for the development of the Xinjiang
Autonomous Region. For the PRC, “Central Asian
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
19
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
17-21
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
713
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
periphery” is a memory of the past. These historical
memories are now reflected in the minds of the
Chinese, in the ideological program of the statehood of
the People’s Republic of China.
Some important issues for the future of the post-union
space have been resolved in China's favor, on the other
hand, it is natural that the introduction of US military
bases to Central Asia will cause serious problems for
the PRC's Central Asian vector.
According to Li Xin and Niu Yichen, the concept of the
Great Silk Road is very important for the PRC. The area
of the Great Silk Road passing through the Eurasian
continent is a transregional economic corridor
connecting the PRC, Central Asia, West Asia and
Europe in the East-West direction [4]. In his speech in
Astana, the President of the People’s Republic of
China, Xi Jinping, emphasized that the development of
friendly relations and cooperation with the countries
of Central Asia is the priority of the foreign policy of the
People’s Republic of China, and proposed to establish
the “Great Silk Road” economic region by working
together using an innovative model of cooperation [5].
During the past period, the PRC market has become
the “economic blood vessel” of the development of
the Central Asian countries, and this has created
additional
opportunities
for
the
economic
development of the PRC related to the currency flow.
The PRC views Central Asia as a factor that directly
affects stability and security in its border region.
Therefore, China cannot digest any force that affects
the stable situation in Central Asia. What path the
Central Asian countries choose in the future is equally
important for Russia and the PRC. “In order to protect
its geopolitical interests, China pays great attention to
the formation of “warm forces” in foreign countries,
especially in the republics of Central Asia, and their
effective use” [6]. This is the main factor that can
clarify the relations between Russia and the PRC in the
Central Asian region.
Although Central Asian states have declared
themselves independent, their mutual integration
activities are not strong enough. The length of the
state border regions of Russia with the PRC (4,200
thousand km); low population (in Central Asia, the
total population is 74 million); nature - relatively clean
environment; the wealth of natural resources and
other reasons encourage the PRC to continue active
foreign policy in this area.
In the process of complex globalization, the
penetration of Central Asia into economic integration
processes increased. Distribution of interests, division
of new forces is observed. The path traveled by the
former Union in the last 2-3 years has been equivalent
to centuries for the PRC as an experience. The
disintegration of the USSR and the transition of the
Central Asian countries to the path of independent
development gained positive significance for the PRC.
This situation, firstly, provided the market with
products, and secondly, as a special “donor”, it created
an opportunity for the development of the western
regions (Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia). On the other hand,
the Chinese government has turned its attention to the
production of cheap products in large quantities for
the countries of Central Asia, in a situation where the
country’s coastal areas are being economically
transformed.
Currently, a number of documents on the legal basis of
mutually beneficial cooperation, including the joint
declaration “On comprehensive deepening and
development
of
friendship,
cooperation
and
partnership relations”, the joint declaration “On
further deepening and development of bilateral
strategic coop
eration”, as well as signed in 2016 Joint
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
20
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
17-21
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
713
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
statements define the relations between Uzbekistan
and the People’s Republic of China.
According to political scientist A. Sharapov, “in the
foreign policy of the People's Republic of China,
whether it is at the global or regional level, it refrains
from aggressive policies” [7].
A comparative analysis of the ways, approaches, and
demographic factors of Uzbekistan and the People’s
Republic of China to implement reforms in practice
showed that there are serious differences along with
common aspects: the idea of increasing the PRC’s
global influence and economic growth is being formed
on the basis of the philosophy of “globalization”; The
PRC’s enlightened humanistic attitude towards
development in the development of its statehood is
also reflected in the foreign political activities of the
world today.
In the second decades of the 21st century, considerable
work is being done to study and implement the
experiences of the PRC in the agricultural sector of
Uzbekistan. Since 2020, 1,652 enterprises (16% of the
total) have been established in Uzbekistan at the
expense of Chinese investors, of which 531 enterprises
will be established in 2019. Investments are mainly
related
to
oil
and
gas,
light
industry,
telecommunications,
agriculture,
pharmaceutical
industries, chemical enterprises and construction
materials. In addition, 120 enterprises were established
with 100 percent Chinese funds. The PRC is making
large investments in the regions of Uzbekistan. By
supporting the creation of free economic and small
industrial zones, the People’s Republic of China is
initiating directions that can accelerate the progress of
reforms in Uzbekistan.
The issues of cooperation between Uzbekistan and the
People’s Republic of China conti
nue in the military
direction. Experts of the defense agencies of the two
countries regularly exchange experience in various
areas. The pace of cooperation in the field of military
education between countries is growing. At this point,
it should be noted that a bilateral military cooperation
plan was signed between the defense ministries of
Uzbekistan and the PRC in 2019. To summarize the
above,
CONCLUSION
The actions of Uzbekistan and the PRC in international
relations are unanimous in their views on global and
regional security. Peaceful cooperation, adherence to
all criteria of stability in development, i.e. non-
interference in internal affairs, adherence to the
principles of mutual respect and equality is the only
way for the benefit of the parties, which will
strengthen Uzbekistan-PRC relations. The role of PRC
investments and technologies in the modernization
processes carried out in Uzbekistan is considered
important, and in-depth study of mutual relations
acquires scientific and practical importance in a certain
sense.
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03
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02
Pages:
17-21
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Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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