Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
9
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
09-13
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.458
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article describes the processes of population migration and its features, which are gaining special relevance in the
current globalization conditions. In particular, issues of population migration, labor migrants' movements, as well as
increasing and decreasing tendencies of population migration, internal migration issues, population employment
were analyzed in Jizzakh region.
KEYWORDS
Migration, population migration, labor migration, population employment, internal migration, external migration,
migration balance, immigrants, emigrants.
INTRODUCTION
Migration is a global phenomenon caused by a number
of factors. It is the movement of a person from his
homeland due to his desire for a decent, safe and
peaceful life for himself and his children. A certain part
of the world's population is changing the place of living
and working as a result of various influences. This
factor is called migration, and it is simultaneously
social, economic, political, religious and ecological in
nature. Today, migration has become one of the
pressing problems of the world community. The
problems inherent in migration have existed since the
beginning of human society, and the factors that
caused migration in the past remain today, even if their
relevance has increased, as the development of
modern technologies solves problems related to
information and communication[1].
MAIN PART
Research Article
SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE MIGRATION MOVEMENTS OF THE
POPULATION OF JIZZAH REGION AND ITS PERIODIC CHANGE
Submission Date:
December 14, 2022,
Accepted Date:
December 19, 2022,
Published Date:
December 24, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijhps/Volume02Issue12-03
Gulmira B. Azamatova
Lecturer Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute, Jizzakh, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijhps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
10
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
09-13
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.458
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Population migration is a movement of people
related to the change of place of residence, and it is
considered as a complex social process of people, as it
is one of the main problems of the population while
gaining importance in today's globalization era. In the
territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the migration
movement of the population has existed for a long
time under the influence of its socio-economic and
political situation. Population migration is a process of
great importance in the development of mankind
because it is connected with the settlement of the
population, the economic development of the land,
the development of productive forces, the emergence
and mixing of races, languages and peoples[2].
Features of migration processes, impact on regions
were studied by Maksakova L.P, Ubaydullayeva R.A,
Abdurahmonov Q.X, Tolametova Z.A, Tojiyeva Z.N and
others. Among the territorial characteristics of
population migration, internal migration is a unique
process. is implied[3]. Population migration in the
regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan is different, and
it affects their demographic situation
, “migration
resources”, the structure and level of development of
the economy, the age-sex and national composition of
the population, so rural residents move to the central
cities of the republic, as well as to foreign countries,
due to unemployment and financial difficulties. are
migrating. One of the main directions of internal
migration of the republic is the relocation of the
population from rural areas to cities[4]. According to
statistical analysis, today rural areas of Uzbekistan are
“losing” a cer
tain part of their population due to
migration. Rural-urban migration is a powerful factor in
the population's increase in information, acquiring a
new profession, improving their skills, as well as their
professional mobility [5].
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Migration processes in Jizzakh region have a
traditional character. In the 60s and 70s of the 20th
century, in connection with the development of the
Mirzachol steppe, many people moved here from
other regions of our republic, especially from Jomboy,
Poyarik, Bulung’ur, Pastdargom, Nurota districts of the
neighboring Samarkand region[6]. The population of
Jizzakh region and the new rural districts established in
its territory was mainly formed as a result of migration.
In the years of independence, the migration of the
population of our republic began to take place based
on the citizens’ wishes and choices [7]. In the year
when Uzbekistan gained independence, the number of
people who immigrated to Jizzakh region was 12,749,
and the number of emigrants was 16,006. Out of 12,749
people who immigrated to Jizzakh region in 1991, 1,718
people live in Mirzachol, 1,482 people live in Dostlik and
1,425 people live in Arnasoy districts [8]. The process of
migration has its tendency to increase and decrease,
therefore, the number of people moving to the region
increased until 1995 and decreased from this year. The
analysis of statistical data shows that the number of
immigrants to the region decreased from 1991 to 1998,
and the number of immigrants increased from 1999 to
2005. Also, in 1999, 9,630 people emigrated from the
region, and in 2005, this figure was 18,911. Also, in 1991,
3,280 people immigrated to Jizzakh region from
abroad, and 5,522 people emigrated, and the migration
balance was -2,242[9]. Not only residents of the
republic, but also residents of foreign countries have
moved to Jizzakh region. In 2001, 85 people
immigrated to Jizzakh region from foreign countries,
and 3035 people moved abroad from the region, the
migration balance was -2950. In the Republic of
Uzbekistan, the significant improvement of the
standard of living and the quality of the population, the
constant increase in wages and incomes, in turn, have
an effect on the external migration of the population.
In 2012, the balance of external migration in Uzbekistan
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
11
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
09-13
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.458
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
decreased by 50.7 thousand people compared to
2005[10]. In the period from 1991 to 2020, the largest
number of people emigrated from Jizzakh region in
2005, i.e. 10,281 people. In 2006, the largest migration
loss was observed in the Tashkent region and the
Republic of Karakalpakstan, and the migration balance
was much larger in the Jizzakh and Navoi regions as
well[11].
Migration processes affect the population of one or
another region and also change the structure of its
nationality, gender, age, education, level and
profession. In 2009, 77 of the 3,528 women who
immigrated to the Republic of Uzbekistan from abroad
immigrated to the Jizzakh region. 1,548 of the 27,899
women who moved abroad from the territory of the
republic this year are women of the Jizzakh region. In
2012, there were 7,748 people who immigrated to
Jizzakh region, and 10,016 people who emigrated [12],
and in 2013, the migration intensity was high in all rural
districts of the region and in the city of Jizzakh, and its
result was negative. In this year, 21.6 people came and
14.6 people left in Mirzachol district, the balance of
migration was equal to 7.0. Also, the result of
population change is positive in Jizzakh and Zarbdar
districts, the biggest loss is observed in Yangiabad and
Arnasoy districts [13]. In order to work, study, live, and
improve living conditions, people always migrate
across regions for different periods of time. At the
same time, one of the necessary conditions of market
relations is labor migration. The main reasons why
citizens of Uzbekistan go to work in foreign countries
are the low economic growth at the place of
permanent residence, the problem of unemployment,
and the lack of family income for a comfortable life.
The regions with high labor migration flow in Jizzakh
region are Gallaorol (“Ko'kgumbaz”, “Kashqabulok”,
“Samarkand”, “Gafur Ghulom” neighborhoods),
Sh.Rashidov, Dostlik, Pakhtakor districts. Today, the
number of labor migrants abroad in Jizzakh region is
35,676, and the number of returning labor migrants is
86,233[14]. Implementation of the constitutional rights
of citizens to work is considered an important
component of the reforms that are consistently
ongoing in Uzbekistan, and large-scale work is being
carried out in the field within the framework of the
main principles of state policy. One of the main factors
in the development of any country is the creation of
jobs, ensuring employment and thus increasing the
well-being of the population. Ensuring employment of
the population in our country is one of the priority
directions of socio-economic development, and is
defined as an important condition for raising the
standard and quality of life of the people[15]. In 2016,
5,624 people applied for employment in Jizzakh region.
Of these, 5,044 people were employed[16]. As the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Sh.M.
Mirziyoyev, stated, “The issue of ensuring employment
is our most important and urgent task”[17]. The
migration process, in turn, affects the demography of
the country. In 2016, the number of permanent
residents of Jizzakh region was 1,301.0 people[18], of
which 15,999.5 were women. In this year, the
unemployment rate in Jizzakh region was 5.4
percent[19]. In 2018, 11,055 people immigrated to
Jizzakh region, of which 3,580 people immigrated from
the republic, 7,416 immigrated from within the region,
59 immigrated from foreign countries [20], 236
immigrated to foreign countries [21]. In terms of
population migration, as of December 2019, the
number of people who immigrated to Jizzakh region
was 10.3 thousand people, and the number of people
who emigrated was 11.6 thousand people. [22].
According to the information of the State Statistics
Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in 2010-2020,
the share of women who immigrated to the Republic
of Uzbekistan increased more than men. “We have to
use all the possibilities to create decent conditions for
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
12
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
09-13
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.458
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
more than 17 million of our sisters, daughters, mothers
and grandmothers living in our country”[23].
According to the statistics department of Jizzakh
region, in 2021, the largest population of the region
moved to Sharof Rashidov district - 1 thousand 252
people, 1 thousand 107 citizens moved to Jizzakh city,
and the least population moved to Yangiabad district.
In the Jizzakh region, the migratory movements of the
population are manifested in different ways in terms of
time, reason, and territory. Population migration has
always been a necessary, objective process in all
countries and has influenced the country's socio-
economic and political stable development[24].
CONCLUSION
As society develops, the migration movement
becomes
a
socio-economic
necessity
and
intensifies[25]. It is natural that the migration
processes will intensify as the Republic of Uzbekistan
integrates into the world community in the era of
globalization.
Nowadays,
when
economic
globalization is intensifying, the increase in the flow of
migration affects the processes of monitoring and
managing internal and external migration processes in
the region, as well as the processes of regulating the
territorial movement of the population. Because the
emergence of migration movements of the population
in Jizzakh region is related to various factors and is of
great importance in the social and economic
development of the region.
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Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
13
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
09-13
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.458
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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