International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
17
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijhps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue01 2025
PAGE NO.
17-21
10.37547/ijhps/Volume05Issue02-04
Some reviews on the changes that happened in 1985-1991
in the labor protection of industrial workers in the
Fergana valley regions
(based on the analysis of the funds of the state archives
of Andijan and Namangan region)
Turgunov Sherzod Abduvositovich
Doktoral student at the department of History of Uzbekistan Ferhgana State Universiity, Uzbekistan
Received:
11 December 2024;
Accepted:
13 January 2025;
Published:
15 February 2025
Abstract:
This article presents information about the real situation of measures implemented within the
framework of labor protection of workers engaged in labor activities in industrial enterprises operating in Andijan,
Namangan regions in 1985-1991 of the last century, and about the importance of the "Restructuring" and
"Disclosure" policies in the changes that occurred in the labor protection of industrial workers.
Keywords:
April Plenum, Reconstruction Policy, Labor Protection, Labor Code, Andijan Garment Production
Association, Namangan furniture factory.
Introduction:
After 1985, as in the entire Soviet Union,
in the Uzbek SSR, with the beginning of the
"reconstruction policy", a number of changes took
place in the industrial sector, including labor
protection. Although some socio-economic reforms
were implemented in the former Soviet Union during
this period, such processes in the Uzbek SSR were
accompanied by a number of problems. Below are the
main changes and trends in the field of labor protection
of industrial workers during this period:
1. Weakening of the labor protection system.
o
Although labor protection was strictly
controlled by the state during the Soviet period, such
control weakened in some areas of industry during the
period of reconstruction;
o
As a result of the lack of resources, attention to
labor safety measures has decreased;
o
During this period, organizations responsible
for safe working conditions of employees faced
financial and technical difficulties.
2. Obsolescence of domestic industry.
o
As a result of the fact that most of the industrial
enterprises in the Uzbek SSR were working with
outdated technologies and equipment even during the
reconstruction period, they could not meet the
requirements of labor protection.
3. Increasing social activity of workers.
o
During
the
period
of
reconstruction
(Perestroika), workers began to speak more openly
about their rights. Students on labor safety and
improvement of working conditions were promoted.
However, such students did not always produce
effective results.
4. Impact of transition to market economy on labor
protection.
o
As a result of the implementation of the
restructuring policy, some industrial enterprises were
taken out of state control and transferred to self-
financing. Such a situation was, of course, inextricably
linked with the financial situation of enterprises.
5. Aggravation of ecological and sanitary conditions.
o
During this period, enterprises belonging to
some industrial sectors continued to pollute the
environment and workplaces. The lack of attention to
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
18
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International Journal Of History And Political Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2222)
labor protection has not only had a negative impact on
the health of workers, but also on the general
environmental condition.
6. Reform of legislation and control system related to
labor protection.
o
Although many new decisions on labor
protection were adopted by the government during the
reconstruction period, such decisions and new norms
were not applied to industrial enterprises in the Uzbek
SSR.
METHODS
In independent Uzbekistan, large-scale reforms are
being carried out at the state level in order to improve
the economic and social conditions of the majority of
the population and have a prosperous lifestyle. In this
process, the most important goal is to provide
permanent jobs to the unemployed part of the
population and lift the poor part of the population out
of poverty. The importance of labor protection, medical
and health measures created for employees is very
important. In addition, in recent years, as a result of the
reforms carried out on the state level to develop the
social activity of women, to ensure their rights and
freedoms, as well as the practical work carried out in
connection with the employment of women and the
creation of comfortable and safe working conditions
for them, is of great importance. The importance of the
topic covered in the article is that by studying the actual
situation of the practical measures implemented in
industrial enterprises that operated in various regions
of the national republics during the former Soviet
regime, the working conditions of women, the
maintenance of their health, the meaningful
organization of free time from production, and by
properly explaining this situation to the young
generation, the representatives of the young
generation, as well as our compatriots of all age groups,
today, by our state and government, the population's
economic, It is important to clarify the real meaning
and significance of the reforms implemented in order
to ensure social and physical maturity, as well as to
develop a sense of appreciation for such a comfortable
life.
Implementation of Research
In the process of research, in the industrial enterprises
operating in the regions of Andijan and Namangan,
during 1985-1991, in order to improve the conditions
of the engineers and technicians, workers and
employees of the enterprises, and in the course of
improving the conditions of the medical and health
care services in these enterprises, in the improvement
of the working conditions of the engineers and
technicians, workers and servants engaged in labor
activities in these enterprises, about the achievements
and shortcomings in the current situation in terms of
ensuring their labor protection Necessary information
as a result of studying and analyzing the funds related
to the activities of industrial enterprises kept in the
state archives of Andijan and Namangan regions, as
well as the articles published in the 1985-1991 issues of
the "Communist" newspaper, which is the official
publication of the Party Committee of Andijan region
and the Provincial Council, and the newspaper
"Namangan Haqiqiti", which is the official publication
of the Party Committee and Provincial Council of
Namangan region was obtained.
In this process, the processes of collecting
information related to the article were studied in the
80s-90s of the last century, stored in the funds of the
Information Library Center named after Zahiriddin
Muhammad Babur in Andijan, and in the funds of the
Akhbrot Library Center named after Nodirabegim in
Namangan, and important information about scientific
research was obtained. The issues published in 1985-
1991 and the funds of the state archives of Andijan,
Namangan provinces were examined in chronological
order. Almost all issues of these newspapers contained
an industry news column. measures taken to maintain
health and restore working ability and increase work
productivity, especially practical works performed to
restore and strengthen the health of workers in
sanatoriums, spas and rest houses, material and
technical conditions of industrial enterprises,
innovations
applied to
production
processes,
Information is also given about innovation and
rationalization activities in industrial enterprises, as
well as the achievements and shortcomings of factories
and factories in the region in the field of fulfilling the
labor obligations imposed by the state. In the process
of studying these data, comparative comparison
methods were also used. In this process, the working
conditions created for workers in industrial enterprises
in the central regions of the Soviet Union, especially in
the central regions of the Soviet Union, or in industrial
enterprises located in the central regions of the Soviet
Union, such as Ukrainian SSR, Belorussian SSR and a
comparative analysis was made with the information
given in this newspaper about the labor protection of
workers and the newest equipment and equipment
introduced into production processes in factories and
factories in these regions and their advantages, their
importance in ensuring the labor protection of workers.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
During 1985-1991, it can be seen that some positive
changes in labor protection standards of workers took
place in the industrial enterprises of the Soviet Union,
including the Uzbek SSR. The following are examples of
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
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International Journal Of History And Political Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2222)
changes in labor protection standards introduced for
industrial workers during this period:
1. Attempts to introduce new standards in the field of
labor protection.
o
In the years of reconstruction, practical efforts
to implement international experiences on labor safety
began in the former Soviet Union. In this process, some
new regulatory documents on safety and working
conditions were adopted in the GOST (State Standard)
system. These regulatory documents covered the rules
on the use of hazardous substances in the production
process, safety techniques and protection from injuries
in production.
2. Technical regulations and certification.
o
Revision of safety requirements for technical
means and equipment used in some industries has
begun. Especially in the chemical, mining and energy
sectors of the industry, attention to compliance with
new requirements has increased;
o
Efforts were made to improve labor safety
technical regulations and the certification system, but
this process was not fully implemented as a result of
financial and administrative issues.
3. Regarding the issue of legal protection of workers:
o
During this period, efforts were made to
improve the legal norms related to ensuring the rights
of workers to have safe working conditions. For this
purpose, several new additions were made to the
"Labor Code" of the Soviet Union;
o
Workers' rights to complain about conditions
that do not meet safety requirements at workplaces
have been expanded.
4. Regarding changes in the warning and control
system:
o
During the years of reconstruction, some
changes took place in the activities of the State
Inspection for Labor Safety of the former Soviet Union
and its national republics, including the Uzbek SSR. That
is, the right of this inspection to constantly control
compliance with safety requirements in industrial
enterprises has been strengthened by law;
o
New requirements for the prevention of
emergencies and accidents were imposed on industrial
enterprises. However, due to the lack of resources, the
plans were often not implemented.
5. To solve the problem of technological obsolescence:
o
Even in 1985, the production equipment of
many industrial enterprises in the valley regions was
outdated. In the years of recovery, it was started to
replace old equipment and equipment in industrial
enterprises with new and improved ones. However, as
a result of the economic difficulties that arose during
this period, it was not possible to carry out such
processes on a large scale.
6. Regarding increased attention to the environment
and working conditions:
o
In 1985-1991, new projects aimed at improving
the working conditions of workers and reducing the
negative impact of factories on the environment were
developed in the industrial enterprises of the valley
regions, and some of them were put into practice.
During this period, there have been a number of
positive changes in the process of paying disability
benefits to workers who temporarily lost their ability to
work as a result of illness and injury during production
processes at industrial enterprises in Andijan region. In
particular, in 1985, the payment of temporary disability
benefits to workers in enterprises belonging to various
branches of industry operating in Andijan region was as
follows:
1. In food production enterprises:
o
In the annual financial plan, the funds allocated
for temporary work disability benefits are 196,000
soums, and in practice, funds in the amount of 191,900
soums were paid to workers who temporarily lost their
ability to work;
o
In 1983-1984, 1052 days of incapacity for work
per 100 workers in food production enterprises, and
1085 days in 1985. From this information, it is known
that in 1985, the number of cases of temporary loss of
ability to work due to illness and injury of workers
during the production process increased in such
enterprises;
o
The daily amount of money paid for incapacity
for work at food production enterprises was set from 5
to 56 soums in the financial plan adopted in 1985, and
in practice exactly that amount of money was paid.
2. In industrial enterprises producing textile products:
o
The management administrations of this type
of industrial enterprises planned to allocate 795,600
soums in annual financial plans for disability
allowances, and in practice 795,800 soums were paid.
The number of days of incapacity for work in industrial
enterprises of this type was 758 in 1983, 704 in 1984,
and 694 in 1985 per hundred workers. Thus, by 1985,
the number of cases of temporary incapacity for work
of workers in the enterprises belonging to the textile
industry decreased as a result of positive changes in the
processes of the labor phase carried out in industrial
enterprises;
o
In the plan, the daily amount of allowance paid
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
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International Journal Of History And Political Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2222)
for incapacity for work at textile and garment
production enterprises is set to be from 4 to 37 soums,
but in practice it is paid from 5 to 15 soums.
Also, during this period, workers who became disabled
during production processes worked in many
enterprises of the region. Therefore, in addition to
monthly wages, such workers were also paid special
allowances. In particular, in 1985, according to the plan,
it was planned to pay 218,300 soums of disability
allowances in the food industry enterprises of the
region, but in practice, 217,700 soums were paid.
Although the plan stipulates the payment of disability
benefits in the amount of 297,000 soums for workers
with disabilities in enterprises belonging to the textile
and garment industry, in practice, funds in the amount
of 298,800 soums have been paid. [1. 45-48]
One of the important manifestations of industrial labor
protection operating in the Uzbek SSR was the feeding
of workers based on dietary and medical standards.
During 1985, such activities were also carried out in the
industrial enterprises of Andijan region. However, it
can be seen from the following information that the
amount of funds allocated for this purpose has
decreased. For example, in 1985, according to the plan,
9,000 soums were allocated for the provision of dietary
meals and feeding activities based on medical
standards to workers in factories and factories related
to the food industry in the region, but in practice, only
5,500 soums were allocated. On the other hand, the
number of free vouchers for meals for employees
based on dietary and medical standards in food
industry enterprises was 320 in the plan, but in practice
only 197 such free vouchers were provided to workers
[2. 50-51 pages].
The socio-economic changes that prevailed throughout
the Soviet Union in 1985-1991 did not fail to show their
influence on the processes of labor protection of
workers at industrial enterprises in Namangan region.
The policy of "Restructuring" and transparency
implemented throughout the country had a positive
effect on the improvement of the working conditions of
the workers in a certain sense. For example, a number
of positive changes in labor protection took place in the
Namangan furniture factory during 1990. Such positive
changes are especially focused on the recovery of the
health of the engineers and technicians working at the
enterprise and workers-servants who were sick and
injured during the production processes by the factory
administration.
For this purpose, a special brigade of medical engineers
was formed at the factory. The approved action plan of
this brigade for 1990 defined the following tasks to be
performed during the year:
1.
The doctors of the medical department of the
factory constantly monitor the health and work
capacity of the workers of each production workshop.
2.
To study the real state of the working
conditions introduced by the factory's local trade union
and the doctors of the medical department for the
workers in the production workshops and departments
and control whether it is at the required level.
3.
Control and implementation of the sending of
the workers working in the factory under difficult
conditions to rest houses and health centers.
4.
In-depth
medical
examination
of
the
company's engineer-technical staff and workers-
servants in all directions once a year with the
cooperation of the factory's medical department and
shop paramedics.
5.
To ensure that the factory's local trade union
committee, doctors and paramedics of the medical
department of the factory operate at the required level
of the medical and health center of the enterprise and
provide high-quality medical and treatment services for
the workers there.
6.
Conduct monthly inspections of the sanitary
condition of production workshops and departments
by the engineering-medical brigade, and whether
workplaces are in compliance with hygiene
requirements.
7.
Implementation of medical and preventive
measures in order to prevent cases of infection with
various infectious diseases among employees.
8.
Also, the administration of the Namangan
furniture factory has decided to implement the
following additional tasks during the implementation of
labor protection for its workers [3.page 23].
9.
The doctors of the medical department of the
factory constantly monitor the health and work
capacity of the workers of each production workshop.
10.
To study the real state of the working
conditions introduced by the factory's local trade union
and the doctors of the medical department for the
workers in the production workshops and departments
and control whether it is at the required level.
11.
Control and implementation of the sending of
the workers working in the factory under difficult
conditions to rest houses and health centers.
12.
In-depth
medical
examination
of
the
company's engineer-technical staff and workers-
servants in all directions once a year with the
cooperation of the factory's medical department and
shop paramedics.
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
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International Journal Of History And Political Sciences (ISSN
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2771-2222)
13.
To ensure that the factory's local trade union
committee, doctors and paramedics of the medical
department of the factory operate at the required level
of the medical and health center of the enterprise and
provide high-quality medical and treatment services for
the workers there.
14.
Conduct monthly inspections of the sanitary
condition of production workshops and departments
by the engineering-medical brigade, and whether
workplaces are in compliance with hygiene
requirements.
15.
Implementation of medical and preventive
measures in order to prevent cases of infection with
various infectious diseases among employees.
16.
In addition, the administration of the
Namangan furniture factory also decided to implement
the
following
additional
tasks
during
the
implementation of labor protection for its employees
[4.30 page]
CONCLUSION
Such conclusions were formed during the study and
analysis of the archival documents of the industrial
enterprises operating in the region from 1985-1991 of
the last century stored in the funds of the State
Archives of Andijan and Namangan regions, as well as
the archival documents of the Regional Council of
Trade Union Unions of Andijan region. Although great
promises were made to create comfortable working
conditions and a comfortable material lifestyle, in
practice, in 1985-1991, the medical service provided to
engineers and technicians, workers and servants
working in various branches of industry and the
processes of sending them to various sanatoriums and
health spas to restore their health were not up to the
level of demand, and large amounts of funds were
allocated for medical services and medical equipment
in factories and factories. however, it was found that
the tasks defined in the field of medical and health
promotion were mainly at the level of requirements
only in official documents.
The fact that the number of negative situations, such as
injuries of workers during the production process,
contracting occupational diseases, especially in
factories and factories producing mechanical and
chemical products in Andijan region, has not
decreased, shows that the medical and sanitation
measures, which are considered an important aspect of
labor protection of workers in the industrial enterprises
of the region, were not in demand. Right from the
1980s, the medical services provided for workers and
employees in industrial enterprises in Andijan and
Namangan regions and their referral to health care
facilities. through improving their health and, as a
result, developing their ability to work, some positive
changes have taken place. However, as a result of the
obsolete
production
equipment
in
industrial
enterprises, air purification equipment in factories and
factories not working at the required level, industrial
sanitation requirements in industrial enterprises are in
an unsatisfactory state, personal protective equipment
provided to workers and employees is of poor quality,
workers and employees are injured as a result of man-
made accidents and, as a result, labor negative
processes such as the processes of temporary or
complete loss of ability to work, rheumatism,
respiratory tract diseases, severe cases of liver
dysfunction in chemical factories have continued.
By comparing the processes researched in the
article with the medical and health measures
implemented in the framework of labor protection for
workers working in the industrial enterprises operating
in the Republic of Uzbekistan, especially in the factories
and factories operating in Andijan and Namangan
regions, today in the Republic of Uzbekistan, many
positive measures have been taken by the head of state
and the government to maintain the health of workers
and provide them with quality medical services, as well
as to create safe working conditions. Of course, in this
process, the fact that the human factor is given a high
place in the social policy carried out by the head of state
and the government of our country today is of
particular importance.
REFERENCES
Andijon viloyati davlat arxivi. 618-fond, 1-
ro’yxat, 43
-
ish, 45
–
48 betlar.
Andijon viloyati davlat arxivi. 618-fond, 1-
ro’yxat, 43
-
ish, 50
–
51 betlar
Namangan viloyati davlat arxivi. 695-fond, 1-
ro’yxat,
372-ish, 23-bet.
Namangan viloyati davlat arxivi. 695-fond, 1-
ro’yxat,
372-ish, 30-bet.
