International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
7
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijmscr
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue07 2025
PAGE NO.
7-10
10.37547/ijmscr/Volume05Issue07-02
Changes in Feeding Regimes During the Climacteric
Period of Women
Department of Hygiene of children, adolescents and nutrition, Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Received:
12 May 2025;
Accepted:
08 June 2025;
Published:
10 July 2025
Abstract:
Together with the constant increase in the life expectancy and standard of living of people, millions of
children are growing up, and the generation of educated women is trying to fully understand the processes that
take place in their organism. Women are realizing all the information about these physiological processes and
how this affects their life and health. Menopause is the turning period of the climacteric period, or it happens
when a certain period, a specific stage in a woman's life, the function of the ovaries gradually disappears. The
climacteric period is a physiological period in a woman's life, but her pathological course is also possible, then it
is called climacteric syndrome (CS). CS is one of the very common concepts among modern women.
Nutrition it is a normal physiological state at any age, and as such is one of the factors of maintaining efficiency.
Being balanced with age, it has been proven to have a significant impact on the development of the aging
processes of the div and the nature of the changes that occur in its various systems.
Keywords:
Women, changes in the diet, selected groups, hygienic methods.
Introduction:
By the current day, the research has
become clear that, following the progress in clinical and
preventive medicine, it has become clear that every
year the number of different diseases continues to
grow: diseases related to heart function, digestive
disorders, endocrine dysfunction, several diseases
associated with oncological and gynecological and
other systems in the female reproductive system [2, 5].
In most cases, the death rate of the population and the
main cause of disability is considered to be a large part
of the working time due to temporary disability [1,3,8,
10]. The experience of countries where a significant
decrease in illness and death is achieved shows that
success is mainly a process associated with lifestyle
changes.
Women's health after the onset of menopause will
largely depend on how she eats [4,6]. Proper nutrition
during this period is considered not only due to its
appearance and delicate shape, but also to the
Prevention of diseases of different ages, in combination
with maintaining health [7,9. This case is the principle
of the importance of the relevance of this study.
PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH
Methods for studying changes in feeding regimes
during the climacteric period of women, as well as their
assessment.
METHODS
In our research, we received the following objects,
women of menopause aged 46 to 58 living in the city of
Tashkent. The total number of women in the
climacteric period included in the study was 450
people. 450 women were examined during the
climacteric period to determine obesity. Also, 875
women living in 2 districts of Tashkent City were
included in a voluntary informed consent work-Control
study. The studies were carried out at the Department
of Child, Adolescent hygiene and nutrition hygiene of
the Tashkent Medical Academy, at the 4th family
polyclinic in the Shaykhantohur District of Tashkent
City, as well as among women living in the city of
Tashkent (Sobir Rahimov, Shaykhantohur, Yunusabad
districts). The main task of family polyclinics is to
provide medical care to the population, as well as the
formation of a healthy lifestyle. Together with the
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
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International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research (ISSN: 2771-2265)
medical staff of the family polyclinic, marketing issues
for the prevention and treatment of menopause in
women were carried out during the climacteric period.
Research using a map of questionnaires developed by
children, adolescents and employees of the
Department of food hygiene examined social
conditions and other risk factors. The decline of
menopause during menopause was more common
among women living in the Shaykhantohur and Sobir
Rahimov districts of Tashkent. Also in our study,
medical and sociological research included: extraction
from medical record data (Form №. 025/y) and the
history of development (Form № 030/y), and then the
deep medical examination of women in the climacteric
period was considered. When studying anamnestic
data by interrogation method, we also studied the foci
of past diseases, chronic diseases and infections.
Disease analysis was carried out in accordance with the
International Statistical Classification of disease and
health-related problems.
RESULTS
The control group included 466 women without
menopause problems, comparable in age to the main
group. The main group included 500 women who
consulted a doctor about menopause (Table 1). In
addition to studying the morbidity of women by
treatment and according to the data of annual medical
examinations, the survey included marital status, age at
the beginning of the menstrual cycle, age of marriage,
number of pregnancies, childbirth, abortions, height,
div weight, general blood test and objective
examination, as well as menopausal problems that
women sought to see a doctor. Considering that
postmenopause is accompanied by an increase in div
mass index (BMI), a change in the ratio of waist (OT)
and hip volume (OB), abdominal obesity (AO), blood
pressure (BP) was also measured, OT with a centimeter
tape in the middle of the distance between the navel
and the xiphoid process and OB, followed by BMI
calculation.
Table 1
Distribution of selected women by age group (%to total)
Age group
Control
The main group
abs
%
abs
%
Up to 40 years
old
14
3,0
0,8
16
3,2
0,8
40-44 year
190
40,8
2,3
201
40,2
2,2
45-49 year
155
33,3
2,2
170
34,0
2,1
50-54
96
20,6
1,9
100
20,0
1,8
55 and >
11
2,4
0,7
13
2,6
0,7
Total
466
100,0
500
100,0
In order to further eliminate the influence of women's
age and obtain representative data, morbidity
comparisons were conducted in the age groups of 40-
44, 45-49 and 50-54 years (441 women in the control
group and 471 women in the main group). Of all the
women surveyed, women of these age groups
accounted for 94.6% in the control group and 94.2% in
the main group. The sources of information were:
outpatient
patient
card
(f-025/y),
dispensary
monitoring card (f-030/y), as well as journals and books
of annual medical examinations. All data from the
primary accounting documents were entered into
specially designed morbidity logs for the studied
contingent of women. The study of menopausal
morbidity revealed some features, the average
incidence rate for women of all ages in the main group
was 1760.8%, and in the control group was 1550.3%;
the incidence rates of women in the main and control
groups had statistically significant differences
(P<0.001). It should be noted that in both the control
and the main group, the older the age of the women,
the higher the incidence rate (Table 2). Before the age
of 49, the increase in morbidity was more significant in
the main group - by 19.6% (control group - 10.2%), after
50 years - in the control group (control - 12.7%, main
group - 4.5%).
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International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research (ISSN: 2771-2265)
Table 2
In our study, age-based control and indicators of the average multi-year rate of total
female morbidity in key groups
Age, years
Morbidity
The control group
The main group
Р
40-44
1360,9±32,5
1480,1±32,6
<0,01
45-49
1500,3±33,6
1770,5±35,7
<0,001
50-54
1690,1±35,8
1850,9±35,7
<0,01
On average for the
whole group
1550,3±33,6
1760,8±35,6
<0,001
Our research confirms the results of previously
published works on the increase in the incidence rate
of women with increasing age. The incidence rate of
the main group of women in all age groups was
significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.01).
This confirms that the overall incidence of menopausal
women is associated with hormonal changes in their
bodies. In the structure of morbidity of women, both in
the control and in the main group, the leading place
was occupied by respiratory diseases (the control
group
–
28.0%, the main group
–
30.0%, respectively),
diseases of the circulatory system (21.8 and 24.6%),
digestive organs (16.3 and 15.3%) of the genitourinary
system (10.2 and 9.2%) and diseases of the blood and
hematopoietic organs (10.3 and 8.6%). The listed
classes of diseases accounted for 86.6% of cases in the
control group and 87.7% in the main group.
Of the respiratory diseases in the main group, a
significantly higher incidence rate is typical for acute
respiratory viral infections
–
1.4 times higher than in
the control group. Despite the absence of significant
differences in the incidence of other forms of
pathology, the trend towards higher rates in the main
group is quite clear: out of 7 registered classes of
diseases, 6 classes of diseases had higher incidence
rates in the main group than in the control group.
The analysis of data on the general morbidity of women
in the menopausal period revealed some of its features
by disease classes and nosological forms. As can be
seen from the table, the incidence rate in the main
group of women is statistically significantly higher than
that of women in the control group, mainly due to the
class of respiratory diseases (525.8% versus 433.9%)
and the class of diseases of the circulatory system
(433.8% versus 338.6%). Although the level of some
infectious and parasitic diseases, diseases of the
digestive system and genitourinary system is slightly
higher in the main group of women than in the control
group, however, there was no statistically significant
difference between them (P>0.05). In the menopausal
period, women were more likely to suffer mainly from
acute respiratory viral infections, hypertension and
coronary heart disease, compared with their peers of
women who have not yet had menopausal syndrome.
Similarly to protein, a higher amount of fats was found
in the actual diet of women in the main group, whose
levels fluctuated by 70% in the winter-spring period
and 41% higher than normal in the summer-autumn
period, including 36% higher fats of vegetable origin
(P<0.001). In the control group, in the winter-spring
and summer-autumn periods, 3% and fats of vegetable
origin were 13% lower than normal, respectively. The
high amount of fat in the control group was noted due
to excessive consumption of lamb and fatty beef meat.
The carbohydrate content in the diets of the actual
nutrition in the women of the main group in the winter-
spring and summer-autumn periods was 500 ±23, i.e.
190 g higher than normal. In both seasons, the control
group was only 20.0% higher than normal (P<0.001). As
mentioned above, the diet of menopausal women
consumes an excessive amount of bread and
confectionery products and other products. As a result,
menopausal women who did not take hormone
replacement therapy consumed more carbohydrates
compared to the control group. The specific weight of
individual foods as a source of carbohydrates against
the background of actual nutrition in women of the
main and control groups is shown in Figure 4.4.
Consequently, the ratio of proteins, fats and
carbohydrates in the women of the main group does
not correspond to hygienic standards, it is 1:1.4:5.3 in
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
10
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International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research (ISSN: 2771-2265)
the winter-spring period, 1:1.4:5.3 in the summer-
autumn period versus 1:1:4, and in the control group
1:1:4.
DISCUSSION
Fish products characterized by high biological
availability are accepted by the researchers in
negligible quantities, 2 and 3 times a month. During the
calculation, it was noted that one woman in the main
group in the winter-spring and summer-autumn
periods accounted for 110 and 90 grams of meat and
meat products per day, and in the control group in the
winter-spring and summer-autumn periods by 2 grams
more, respectively. Cheese and cheese were not
consumed enough from fermented dairy products, the
assortment consisted mainly of milk, curdled milk,
katic, and kurt. In the winter-spring and summer-
autumn periods, dairy products in the main group were
47.8% lower than normal, while in the control group
they exceeded the norm by 8.7% in the winter-spring
period, and 110% higher than normal in the summer-
autumn period. Eggs in the main and control groups
and in the winter-spring and summer-autumn periods
were 71.4% satisfied. Fats in the diets of women in the
main group in the winter-spring and summer-autumn
periods by 30 g, in the control group in the winter-
spring and summer-autumn periods by 15 g are
represented by vegetable oils (mainly cottonseed oil),
because cooking hot food (2 times a day) is carried out
using cotton oil. The total amount of vegetable oil
consumed in the main group is 8 g more, and in the
control group it is 7 g lower, while animal fats are
provided in the main group by 60 g, and in the control
group by 10 g lower than normal, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Regardless of the presence or absence of menopause,
all women over the age of 40 are characterized by an
increase in the overall incidence, but the incidence rate
of women with signs of menopause is significantly
higher than that of women without hormonal
disorders. In all women over the age of 40, the main
forms of diseases in order of importance are: diseases
of the respiratory system, diseases of the circulatory
system, diseases of the digestive system. The
significance of the first two classes of diseases in
women with signs of menopause is higher than in the
control group. Women with signs of menopause have
significantly higher levels of hypertension, coronary
heart disease and acute respiratory viral infections,
with respect to diseases of other classes, there is only a
tendency to increase the indicators When organizing
preventive work with menopausal women, priority
should be given to secondary and tertiary prevention of
hypertension, coronary heart disease and acute
respiratory viral infections.
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