International scientific journal
“Interpretation and researches”
Volume 2 issue 2 (24) | ISSN: 2181-4163 | Impact Factor: 8.2
66
COMMISSIVE ILLOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACTS IN ENGLISH AND
UZBEK LANGUAGES
Minnikulov Islom Urol ugli
Scientific supervisor. Doctor of Philosophy in Philological Sciences (PhD), Associate
Professor Department of English Applied Disciplines, Uzbekistan state world
languages university
Ruzmetova Shokhsanam Temur kizi
2
nd
year master student, Uzbekistan state world languages university
hohsanamruzmetova0790@gmail.com
Annotation:
This article explores the nuances of commissive illocutionary
speech in English and Uzbek languages. Commissive illocutionary acts involve
commitments, promises, and pledges to perform future actions, reflecting cultural
values and societal expectations,
Keywords:
illocutionary,
cultural differences, politeness, linguistic structure.
O’ZBEK VA INGLIZ TILLARIDAGI KOMISSIV ILLOKUTIV NUTQIY
AKTLARI
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqolada ingliz va o'zbek tillaridagi komissiv illokatsion
nutqning nuanslari o'rganiladi. Komissiv illokatsion nutq madaniy qadriyatlar va
jamiyat kutganlarini aks ettiruvchi kelajakdagi harakatlarni amalga oshirish bo'yicha
majburiyatlar, ijtimoiy umidlar va va'dalarni o'z ichiga oladi.
Kalit so'zlar:
illokatsion, madaniy farqlar, xushmuomalalik, lingvistik tuzilish.
КОМИССИВНЫЕ ИЛЛОКУЦИОННЫЕ РЕЧЕВЫЕ АКТЫ В
АНГЛИЙСКОМ И УЗБЕКСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ
Аннотация:
В данной статье исследуются нюансы комиссивной
иллокутивной речи в английском и узбекском языках. Комиссивные
иллокутивные акты включают в себя обязательства, обещания и обещания
совершить будущие действия, отражающие культурные ценности и ожидания
общества.
Ключевые слова:
иллокутивность, культурные различия, вежливость,
языковая структура.
Introduction
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“Interpretation and researches”
Volume 2 issue 2 (24) | ISSN: 2181-4163 | Impact Factor: 8.2
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A commissive illocutionary act refers to a type of speech act where the speaker
commits or pledges to a certain future course of action or behavior. It involves
expressing intentions, promises, vows, or commitments. The primary function of a
commissive illocutionary act is to create obligations or expectations regarding the
speaker's future behavior. This is a type of speech act where the speaker commits to a
future course of action or promises to perform a certain task. It involves expressing
intentions, commitments, or pledges to do something in the future. Commissive
illocutionary acts are used to create obligations or expectations regarding the
speaker's future behavior. Examples include promises, guarantees, vows,
commitments, and offers. These acts play a significant role in interpersonal
communication, as they establish trust, reliability, and accountability between
speakers. In English, commissive illocutionary acts often involve explicit phrases that
signify a commitment, such as "I promise," "I guarantee," or "I swear." These
expressions reflect a cultural emphasis on individual responsibility and reliability,
where personal integrity is highly valued.
When performing a commissive illocutionary act, the speaker takes
responsibility for carrying out the action they have committed to. This act is based on
the speaker's intention to act by their words.
For example, when someone says, "I promise to come to your party," they are
doing a commissive illocutionary act by committing themselves to attend the party.
The utterance communicates their intention to fulfill the promise and creates an
expectation that they will indeed be present at the event.
Analysis and Results
Commissive illocutionary acts play a crucial role in human communication as
they allow individuals to make commitments and establish trust by aligning their
words and actions.
Here are some differences in the expression of commissive illocutionary acts
between English and Uzbek languages:
1. Linguistic Structures:
English typically uses specific linguistic structures such
as modal verbs ("will," "shall," "promise to") or explicit commissive verbs ("pledge,"
"vow," "swear") to convey commissive illocutionary acts. In Uzbek, commissive
illocutionary acts are often expressed through verbs and verb phrases combined with
modal particles or adverbs that indicate commitment or promise.
2. Cultural Differences:
Uzbek culture may place a stronger emphasis on honor,
respect, and trustworthiness, which can influence the expression of commissive acts.
Commitments and promises in Uzbek language may be phrased more formally or
include specific cultural references to convey sincerity and dedication.
English Culture:
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Volume 2 issue 2 (24) | ISSN: 2181-4163 | Impact Factor: 8.2
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-Individual Responsibility: In English culture, commissive illocutionary acts
often emphasize individual responsibility and personal integrity. Phrases like "I
promise" or "I guarantee" highlight the speaker's commitment and reliability,
reflecting a strong sense of individual accountability.
- Directness: English speakers tend to express commitments and promises
directly and explicitly, without much ambiguity. Clear and straightforward language
is valued, with an expectation that promises will be upheld as stated.
Uzbek Culture:
-Collective Outlook: In Uzbek culture, commissive illocutionary acts often
reflect a collective outlook and a sense of community responsibility. Phrases like
“Umid qilamiz” or "Nasib etsa" acknowledge the role of external factors and
emphasize shared expectations and obligations within the community.
-Humility and Reliance on Fate: Uzbek expressions of commitment may
incorporate elements of humility and reliance on fate or higher powers. For example,
the phrase "Xudo xohlasa" (God willing) is commonly used to convey a commitment
while acknowledging that outcomes are ultimately determined by divine will.
These cultural differences shape how commitments and promises are
communicated and perceived in English and Uzbek languages, reflecting broader
societal values and norms regarding personal responsibility, community ties, and
beliefs about fate.
3. Politeness and Formality:
English tends to have a wide range of polite
expressions and formal language that can be employed when making commissive
illocutionary acts. In Uzbek, formal expressions and polite language are also used,
but the level of formality and specific linguistic conventions may differ.
English:
-Politeness: Commissive illocutionary acts in English often employ polite
language to convey commitments and promises. Phrases like "I would be delighted
to..." or "I assure you that..." add a polite tone, showing respect and consideration for
the listener.
-Formality: The level of formality in English commissive acts can vary
depending on the context and relationship between speakers. In formal settings or
with people of higher authority, expressions like "I guarantee" or "I solemnly swear"
may be used to convey seriousness and formality.
Uzbek:
-Politeness: In Uzbek culture, politeness in commissive illocutionary acts is
often expressed through respectful language and honorifics. For example, using the
polite form "siz" instead of "sen" when addressing someone adds a level of politeness
and deference.
International scientific journal
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Volume 2 issue 2 (24) | ISSN: 2181-4163 | Impact Factor: 8.2
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-Formality: Formality in Uzbek commissive acts is often conveyed through the
use of respectful language and traditional honorifics. In formal contexts or when
addressing elders or authority figures, expressions like “Bajonidil, ma’suliyat bilan
yondashaman" or “Ishontirib aytaman, o’z vaqtida bajaraman” may be used to
convey formality and seriousness.
4. Usage of Proverbs or Idiomatic Expressions:
Uzbek language, similar to
many other languages, may incorporate proverbs or idiomatic expressions to convey
commitments or promises in a more culturally significant and impactful way.
English, on the other hand, may rely more on explicit verbal expressions.
While there may not be direct proverbs or idiomatic expressions specifically
denoting commissive illocutionary acts in English or Uzbek languages, there are
cultural sayings or idioms that indirectly convey commitments or promises. Here are
some examples:
English:
"Actions speak louder than words."
- This proverb implies that promises or commitments are validated through
actions rather than mere words, emphasizing the importance of fulfilling
commitments.
"Put your money where your mouth is."
- This idiom challenges someone to back up their promises or commitments with
tangible actions or resources.
"A promise is a promise."
- This saying underscores the importance of keeping one's word and fulfilling
commitments once they are made.
Uzbek:
Va’daga –vafo
Vafosizga -jazo
- This Uzbek proverb emphasizes the importance of acting on commitments
promptly, suggesting that intentions or promises left unfulfilled do not yield tangible
results.
Aytilgan so’z_otilgan o’q
- While not directly related to commitments, this phrase is often used in Uzbek
culture to convey sincerity and trustworthiness, which are essential aspects of
commissive illocutionary acts.
5. Different Lexical Choices:
English and Uzbek languages may have variations
in the choice of words when expressing commissive illocutionary acts. While the core
concept of commitment remains intact, the specific vocabulary used to articulate
these acts may vary due to linguistic and cultural differences.
English:
International scientific journal
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Volume 2 issue 2 (24) | ISSN: 2181-4163 | Impact Factor: 8.2
70
1. "I promise always to support you."
2. "I guarantee that I'll finish the project on time."
3. "I swear I'll keep your secret safe."
4. "I'll be there for you, no matter what."
5. "You have my word that I'll repay the loan by next month."
Uzbek:
1. "Men har doim sizni qo'llab-quvvatlashga va’da beraman.
2. Men loyihani vaqtida tugatishga kafolat beraman.
3. "Men, sizning siringizni saqlashga qasam ichaman.
4. "Men har qanday holatda sizga yordam beraman.
5. Qarzlarimni to’lashga so’z beraman.
These differences highlight the influence of cultural, linguistic, and contextual
factors on the expression of commissive illocutionary acts in English and Uzbek
languages. It is important to consider these distinctions when engaging in effective
cross-cultural communication.
Conclusion
The examination of commissive illocutionary acts in English and Uzbek
languages reveals intriguing insights into linguistic and cultural nuances. While both
languages share the fundamental concept of expressing commitments and promises,
they diverge in lexical choices, cultural influences, and social expectations.
In English, commissive acts often emphasize individual responsibility and
reliability, with direct and explicit expressions conveying promises and
commitments. This reflects a cultural emphasis on personal integrity and
accountability. Conversely, Uzbek commissive acts are influenced by a collective
outlook, incorporating expressions that highlight humility, shared responsibility, and
acknowledgment of external factors. Cultural values of community support and
reliance on fate shape the linguistic structures and expressions used in making
commitments. Understanding these linguistic and cultural differences is crucial for
effective communication across languages and cultures. By appreciating the diverse
ways in which commitments are expressed and perceived, individuals can navigate
intercultural interactions with greater sensitivity and understanding.
As language continues to evolve alongside cultural dynamics, further research
and exploration into commissive illocutionary acts in English and Uzbek languages
promise to yield valuable insights into the intricate interplay between language,
culture, and communication.
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International scientific journal
“Interpretation and researches”
Volume 2 issue 2 (24) | ISSN: 2181-4163 | Impact Factor: 8.2
71
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