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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX
ENTERPRISES OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Nabieva Saidahon Abduvahabovna
(PhD) dotsent, Tashkent state technical university
Abstract.
The sustainable development of Uzbekistan's fuel and energy
complex (FEC) is essential for economic growth, energy security, and environmental
responsibility. This study explores key aspects of sustainability, emphasizing
digitalization, technological innovation, and strategic governance. Uzbekistan's
commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is reflected in national
policies aimed at balancing economic stability, energy efficiency, and ecological
sustainability.
Keywords:
Sustainable development, fuel and energy complex, energy security,
digitalization, renewable energy, Uzbekistan, economic stability, environmental
sustainability.
One of the fundamental conditions for the successful implementation of the
sustainable development strategy of Uzbekistan, and therefore the republic's entry
into the ranks of the developed countries of the world, the continuation and
deepening of political, economic reforms and modernization of the country, the
formation of civil society and, on this basis, ensuring a decent life for its citizens, is
the consistent intellectualization of society, digitalization of all spheres of the
economy, that is, the transition to sustainable innovative development. This process is
the development of people's abilities to perceive and generate information, the
formation of new knowledge and their implementation in practice, has natural
economic, humanitarian, sociological and civilizational roots.
The Republic of Uzbekistan was among those 170 countries that in September
2015 made a commitment to implement the new global sustainable development
goals. On October 20, 2018, the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan
adopted Resolution No. 841 “On measures to implement the National Sustainable
Development Goals and Objectives for the period up to 2030”, which defines 16
goals and 127 tasks to be achieved by 2030. To create an effective system for
monitoring the implementation of the objectives of the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs), on March 20, 2019, the Coordinating Council for the implementation
of the National Sustainable Development Goals and Objectives approved 206
indicators for monitoring their achievement.
At the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN), which was held in 1987,
the phrase "sustainable development" was first voiced. In the report “Our Common
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Future”, Gro Harlem Brundtland, President of the International Commission on
Environment and Development, stated: “Sustainable development is development
that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their needs”.
The concept of sustainable development was adopted at the UN Conference on
Ecological Development in Rio de Janeiro (1992) and has not lost its relevance to this
day [6]. This concept is a model of the development of civilization, in which a
balanced interaction of nature, society and economy is carried out. The main
economic component of the concept of sustainable development is the optimal use of
hydrocarbon energy resources, as well as the use of natural energy and material-
saving technologies. The document “Agenda for the 21st Century” adopted at the UN
conference sets out the obligations of states to ensure sustainable development, the
purpose of which is a balanced socio-economic development in terms of
environmental protection, rational use of energy resources, while taking into account
the vital interests of future generations The document “The 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development”, adopted by the leaders of world powers in September
2015 at the UN summit, defines sustainable development goals that reflect the
ideology of sustainable development and the tools to achieve them.
The Sustainable Development Goals are closely linked and harmonized with the
Action Strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021, adopted in February
2017. The Strategy defines targets for the innovative development of the Republic of
Uzbekistan until 2030 (81 indicators in total), which are also harmonized with the
National Sustainable Development Goals.
Our research into the foundations of sustainable development of energy
enterprises led to the conclusion that the fuel and energy complex is a structure-
forming system for the entire economy and affects all types of economic activity. The
functioning and development of the fuel and energy complex is inextricably linked
with natural resources, the efficient use of which is discussed at all international
economic forums. Note that sustainable development is a multifaceted and
multidimensional concept.
According to the areas of sustainable development, there are:
Production sustainability is characterized by the stability of the production
cycle, an increase in production volumes, the introduction of new technologies, the
optimal distribution of production capacities, and full resource security.
Financial stability - includes: ensuring liquidity and solvency, the availability of
reserve funds for the expansion and renewal of fixed assets (OBK); free maneuvering
of funds, which contributes to the uninterrupted process of production and sale of
products and makes it possible to settle accounts with suppliers and creditors.
Financial stability is a reflection of a stable excess of income over expenses.
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Economic - involves an increase in profits and own funds, a continuous process
of production and sales of products; high rates of all types of profitability of
production and commercial activities with the efficient use of production resources,
financial stability, break-even.
Manufacturability - is expressed in the ability to perceive the achievements of
science and technology, namely, the departure from extensive development and the
transition to intensive; continuous improvement of the organization of production;
application of modern methods and management tools; transition to process
automation and reaching a new level of informatization of management processes;
restructuring of enterprises; the ability of staff to perceive innovative ideas.
According to the level of sustainability management, they distinguish: strategic,
which involves the functioning of the fuel and energy complex on the basis of
developed programs and development strategies for the long term.
Applying the concept of sustainable development to energy, the World Energy
Council presented three aspects in the implementation of energy projects:
1) energy security - characterized by the ability of suppliers to meet demand,
reliability of infrastructure, efficient organization of energy supplies;
2) energy equality - characterized by the availability of energy for the
population;
3) environmental sustainability - characterized by the development of proposals
for the generation of energy from renewable and low-carbon energy sources.
We are talking about the transition to a new technological paradigm in the
electric power industry, which represents the organization of energy supply in the
retail sector as an ecosystem of energy producers and consumers that seamlessly
integrate into a common infrastructure and exchange energy. This approach, by
analogy with the ongoing interactions, is also called the Internet of Energy.
The energy strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030 involves the
creation of a sustainable system for ensuring energy security, taking into account the
territorial structure of production and consumption of fuel and energy. In solving all
problems, the main place is given to the fuel and energy complex. The sustainable
development of the energy sector of the state consists of the sustainable development
of industries and energy enterprises.
The main task of our research is that, considering the system as a set of
interrelated elements, to find the laws that explain the behavior of the system, its
functioning and development. We came to the conclusion that the essence of the
functioning of the fuel and energy complex is reduced to the movement of
information, energy, materials associated with the processing of input values
(information, financial resources, material resources) and obtaining the desired results
at the output (energy resources, services, profit, information). To analyze the
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functioning of the fuel and energy complex, we single out subsystems in its
composition that are responsible for a certain type of activity (energy consumption,
electricity generation, energy supply).
The analysis carried out by the author made it possible to identify the following
elements of the subsystem:
- social (represents a complex of relations between people and is an
organizational manifestation of the system);
- production and technical (represents material assets: technologies, machines,
equipment, materials, tools, energy);
– informational (represents information flows, databases and their
interconnections);
– financial and economic (represents economic and financial resources).
Therefore, for the sustainable development of the fuel and energy complex, as a
system, the following conditions must be met:
1.
Handleability
- if it is possible to control the output signals with the help of
the input action, then the system is controllable.
2.
Controllability
- all system parameters that characterize its state must be
measurable.
3.
Equilibrium
- the system must provide dynamic balance. Thus, our research
in the field of energy sustainability has shown that the fuel and energy complex is a
complex cybernetic system with a large number of subsystems and control loops. The
complexity of the system is manifested in a large number of its constituent elements
of a diverse nature, large volumes of circulating information, a variety of forms of
connections, and multicriteria.
The internal environment of the fuel and energy complex is formed by financial
means, technologies, production capacities, organization of the process of production
and transportation of fuel and energy resources, infrastructure and other parameters
(Figure 1).
Research in the field of the development strategy of fuel and energy enterprises
allowed the author to develop a trillem for improving energy security based on the
sustainable development of energy industries. Clarifying the trilemma, we believe
that, firstly, the fuel and energy complex is characterized by orbital stability - the
ability of the system to function, ensuring uninterrupted supply and reliable
generation and supply of fuel and energy resources to consumers and develop under
changing internal and external conditions. Orbital stability, according to the author,
also implies active digitalization and intellectualization of the processes of extraction,
production, processing and distribution of fuel and energy resources. Secondly, that
energy security is the ability to uninterruptedly and reliably provide consumers with
fuel and energy resources while leveling emerging external and internal threats that
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235
destabilize the functioning of the fuel and energy complex. Thirdly, the
environmental component is the development of green energy based on rational
environmental management, preserving the environment, as well as the production of
energy from alternative energy sources (RES, nuclear power plants). Summarizing
these three concepts, we can say that sustainable development is a process of
ensuring energy, economic and environmental security, subject to active
intellectualization and digitalization of the activities of enterprises of the fuel and
energy complex of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Formation of a
favorable investment
climate
R&D Development
Investment
Innovation
Doctrine of energy
security. Energy Security
Strategy
Regulatory framework
Natural resources
Environmental regulations
External control actions
Fuel and energy complex
(inner environment)
Economic
Finance
Technology
Production
Labor
Means of production
Land
Changes in tax
legislation
Economic crisis
Changes in tariffs and
prices for energy
resources
Impacts of other
economic activities
Natural disasters
E
xt
er
n
a
l d
is
tu
rb
in
g
in
fl
u
en
ces
Development and implementation
of measures to ensure the
sustainable operation of the fuel
and energy complex
Sustainable development of the fuel and energy complex
Energy efficiency
Fuel and energy complex state
parameters
Assessing Potential
Sustainability
Monitoring and dispatching
system
Figure 1. The structure of the economic model of sustainable development of the
fuel and energy complex.
Also, in order to overcome imbalances in development and establish
proportionality, the structure of the system must be flexible and adaptive, have the
potential for improvement. For the integrity of the system, the integration and
interdependence of elements and the ability to regulate are important.
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