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IDENTIFYING THE CAUSES, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTIVE
MEASURES OF HOOF DISEASES IN SHEEP
Safarov M.B
Sobirova I.X.
Tashkent branch of the Samarkand state universitety veterinary medicine
of livestock and biotechnologies
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqolada sigirlarda tuyoq kasalliklarining sabablari,
davolash usullari va oldini olish choralari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda Jamol ota
nasilchilik xo‘jaligidagi 250 bosh hayvon o‘rganilgan bo‘lib, ularning 160 tasida
tuyoqda jarohatlar aniqlangan. Tadqiqot natijalari asosida kasalliklarning asosiy
sabablari sifatida zoogigyenik me'yorlarga amal qilmaslik, ratsionning noto‘g‘ri
tuzilishi va veterinariya sanitariya qoidalarining buzilishi ko‘rsatilgan. Kasalliklarni
davolash uchun samarali usullar ishlab chiqilgan va profilaktika choralari,
hayvonlarning tuyoqlarini to‘g‘ri parvarish qilish, sanitariya qoidalariga rioya qilish
va ratsionni yaxshilash kabi jihatlar ta’kidlangan.
Аннотация:
В статье рассматриваются причины заболевания копыт у
коров, методы лечения и профилактики. В исследовании было изучено 250
голов скота в хозяйстве Джамол-ота, из которых у 160 животных были
выявлены повреждения копыт. На основе полученных данных, основными
причинами заболеваний являются нарушение зоогигиенических норм,
неправильное составление рациона и несоответствие ветеринарно-санитарным
правилам. Разработаны эффективные методы лечения заболеваний и
профилактические меры, такие как правильный уход за копытами, соблюдение
санитарных норм и улучшение рациона.
Abstract
This article discusses the causes, treatment methods, and preventive
measures for hoof diseases in cows. The study examined 250 cattle in the Jamol Ota
breeding farm, with 160 of the animals showing hoof injuries. The results indicate
that the main causes of the diseases are non-compliance with zoohygienic standards,
incorrect formulation of the ration, and violation of veterinary sanitation regulations.
Effective treatment methods have been developed, along with preventive measures
focusing on proper hoof care, adherence to sanitary regulations, and improvements in
animal rations.
Introduction
Hoof diseases are common and significant health threats among
livestock, especially among cattle and sheep. These diseases are caused by bacterial
infections and often lead to inflammation of the tissues in the hooves, which can
severely affect the animal's general health. Hoof diseases can result in significant
International scientific journal
“Interpretation and researches”
Volume 1 issue 4 (50) | ISSN: 2181-4163 | Impact Factor: 8.2
60
economic losses in livestock farming as they reduce the working capacity of animals,
lead to fatalities, and negatively affect their nutritional value.
The development of hoof diseases is often due to poor hygiene conditions,
incorrect rations, and a lack of essential vitamins and minerals. Moreover, in many
farms, animals are not regularly checked, preventive measures are insufficient, and
veterinary services are underperforming, which contributes to the widespread
occurrence of hoof diseases.
Objectives of the Study
The aim of this research is to identify the primary
factors contributing to the onset and development of hoof diseases. The study
highlights the failure to meet zoohygienic standards and improper ration formulation
as major causes of hoof diseases. The research includes the following objectives:
•
Study the factors that cause hoof diseases.
•
Analyze the factors affecting the development of these diseases.
•
Develop recommendations for the prevention and treatment of hoof diseases.
Relevance of the Issue
Hoof diseases are a widespread issue in livestock
farming, and their economic impact is considerable. Every year, many animals suffer
or die due to hoof diseases, leading to reduced productivity. Preventive and treatment
measures are vital to maintaining animal health and ensuring the profitability of
farms. Identifying the main causes of these diseases and developing new
recommendations for improving animal health in farms is of significant importance.
This research can not only bring economic benefits but also improve the living
conditions for animals.
Methodology
The study was conducted in the Jamol Ota breeding farm, where a
total of 250 cattle were examined. The study focused on the overall health condition
of the animals, the presence of hoof diseases, the structure of their ration, and their
hygiene conditions. Each animal's hooves, ration composition, and adherence to
sanitary regulations were carefully analyzed. The main aim was to determine the
causes of hoof injuries and identify measures for their prevention and treatment.
Research Areas
The research focused on the following areas:
1.
Hoof Diseases:
Analysis of the types of hoof injuries and diseases. Hoof
conditions and the causes of injuries were closely examined.
2.
Health Status of Animals:
Assessment of the general health conditions
and the likelihood of diseases developing.
3.
Zoohygienic Standards:
Examination of whether the animals' living
conditions met zoohygienic norms, including cleanliness and sanitation.
4.
Ration Formulation:
Analysis of the composition of animal rations and
whether they contained necessary vitamins and minerals.
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5.
Veterinary Sanitation Regulations:
Evaluation of the implementation
of veterinary and sanitation protocols, which are essential for maintaining animal
health.
Causes of Hoof Diseases
1.
Non-Compliance with Zoohygienic Standards:
The primary cause of
hoof infections is the insufficient provision of proper hygiene conditions. Without a
clean and dry environment, bacteria and infections spread easily, increasing the risk
of hoof injuries and diseases. For example, infections caused by waste and moist
environments lead to hoof injuries in animals.
2.
Improper Ration Formulation:
If animals' rations are not balanced
correctly, they may suffer from deficiencies in essential vitamins, minerals, and other
nutrients. Proper nutrition is vital for maintaining healthy hooves. For example,
deficiencies in potassium, phosphorus, and calcium weaken the hooves, making them
more susceptible to infections and injuries.
3.
Violation of Veterinary Sanitation Regulations:
The failure to comply
with veterinary sanitation protocols, such as timely medical interventions,
vaccinations, and proper care of sick animals, contributes to the spread of diseases.
Lack of adequate veterinary care leads to the proliferation of hoof diseases.
Analysis of Hoof Injuries and Diseases
1.
Types of Injuries:
Hoof injuries can manifest in various forms,
depending on the cause:
o
Physical Injuries:
These occur when the hooves are subjected to impact
or wear due to rough or hard surfaces.
o
Tears and Rips:
These injuries involve the tearing of the hoof skin,
often occurring in animals with improper nutrition or poor hygiene conditions.
o
Infectious Injuries:
Caused by bacterial or viral infections entering the
hooves, leading to swelling, heat, and pain.
2.
Prevalence of Hoof Injuries:
Among the 250 cattle studied, 160 had
hoof injuries. These injuries were linked to various factors, including poor hygiene,
imbalanced rations, and failure to adhere to sanitary protocols.
Treatment Methods
To treat hoof diseases and injuries, the following methods
were developed:
1.
Cleaning and Disinfection:
Injured hooves were cleaned and
disinfected using antiseptic agents. This prevented infection and promoted quicker
healing.
2.
Supplementing with Vitamins and Minerals:
The animals' rations
were supplemented with necessary vitamins and minerals, particularly calcium and
vitamin D, to support hoof health.
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3.
Antibiotics and Anti-inflammatory Treatments:
In severe cases,
antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs were used to prevent infection and reduce
inflammation.
Preventive Measures for Hoof Health
1.
Proper Hoof Care:
Regular inspection and cleaning of hooves were
essential for preventing injuries and infections. Removing dirt, growths, and parasites
from hooves helped maintain their health.
2.
Adherence to Sanitary Regulations:
Ensuring that animals live in
clean, dry conditions is crucial to prevent hoof diseases. Disinfection and proper
waste management also play significant roles in disease prevention.
3.
Balanced Ration:
The animals' rations were formulated to provide all
the necessary nutrients, including calcium, phosphorus, and essential vitamins. A
balanced diet is vital for maintaining strong hooves and preventing diseases.
Conclusion
The results of this study confirm that the primary causes of hoof
diseases in the Jamol Ota breeding farm are the failure to adhere to zoohygienic
standards, improper ration formulation, and violations of veterinary sanitation
regulations. Among the 250 cattle, 160 had hoof injuries, indicating the widespread
nature of this problem. The developed treatment methods, including hoof cleaning,
antiseptic treatment, and vitamin supplementation, were effective in addressing these
issues. Proper hoof care, compliance with sanitary regulations, and balanced rations
are essential for preventing hoof diseases and ensuring the health of livestock.
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International scientific journal
“Interpretation and researches”
Volume 1 issue 4 (50) | ISSN: 2181-4163 | Impact Factor: 8.2
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