“
Global lingvistika: yangi yondashuvlar va tadqiqotlar”
mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman
~ 162 ~
LITERARY LANGUAGE AND DIALECTS: THEIR INTERACTION,
DIFFERENCES, AND ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN
LANGUAGE
Mirzaobitova Shaxlo Mirabbos qizi
Student of Uzbekistan State World Languages university
Ibroximova Lobar Isxoqovna
Teacher of the department of applied sciences
Uzbekistan State World Languages university
Annotation:
This article explores the interrelation between the literary language
and dialects, their distinctive features, and their role in enriching each other, as well
as their contribution to the development of the modern Uzbek language. It provides
evidence-based analysis of how the Uzbek literary language has formed through the
lexical, phonetic, and grammatical characteristics of various regional dialects.
Additionally, the topic is approached from a practical perspective through the use of
comparative tables and illustrative examples.
Key words:
literary language, dialect speech, dialect, lexical, phonetic,
grammatical, dialectology, fleet.
Language is both the spiritual and cultural wealth of a nation, and the most
important means of expressing its identity. The national language of each people, first
of all, develops based on its own dialects and regional varieties. The Uzbek literary
language is no exception. The Uzbek language has gone through long stages of
historical development and has played an important role in this process. Dialects are
the living form of the people’s language and provide the literary language with
essential material from real life. The literary language, in turn, is a standardized form
of the common national language that adapts dialects for general use and supports
their integration. The literary language has two forms—spoken and written. However,
both forms of the literary language generalize dialects and make them more
comprehensible. Each regional dialect has its own lexical, grammatical, and phonetic
features. For example, the word “bola” (child) is pronounced as “bacha” in some
dialects, and “ho‘p” (okay) becomes “xay.” Similarly, people from Andijan say
“mayaqqa” instead of “buyoqqa” (this way), which is not typical of the literary
language, but is a vivid form of expression.
Today, in many countries (such as Italy, Indonesia, and others), the literary
language is used alongside dialects on an equal footing. The concept of a literary
language is usually associated with the concept of language styles. Many linguists,
based on their own experience, consider language to be a political phenomenon. This
“
Global lingvistika: yangi yondashuvlar va tadqiqotlar”
mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman
~ 163 ~
idea was first humorously expressed—not directly—in 1945 by the American
Germanist Max Weinreich at the 19th International Conference of the Yiddish
Scientific Institute held in New York. He said, “A language is a dialect with an army
and a navy.”
Dialects form the foundation of every national language and are considered part
of our national and spiritual values. Wherever we are, speaking in our own dialect
reveals which region or area we come from. In fact, when we speak of a mother
tongue, it is often the dialect that comes closest to its true meaning. That is why we
must cherish and preserve it, and prevent it from disappearing. The word “sheva”
(dialect) comes from Persian and means manner of speaking, style, or tone. It refers
to a regional variety of the national (folk) language that differs by its unique lexical,
phonetic, and grammatical features.
DIALECT
1)Linguistic factor:
•
unique lexical feature;
•
unique phonetic feature;
•
unique grammatical feature.
2)Geographic factor:
•
a part of the national language specific to a small territory.
In the process of lexical development, concepts that correspond to the way of
life often first emerge in dialects. This ensures the continuous development of the
language.
In the table below, you can see some of the differences and examples of
interaction between literary language and dialects:
Direction
Example of literary
language
Usage in dialect
Explanation
lexical
deraza
oynak, oyna
identical lexical
variants
phonetic
men boryapman
men
boryabman/boryamman
dialect-specific
phonetic variation
grammatical
borayapman
borvoman/boraptiman
derb forms differ
loanwords
shamol
yelvizak
A word that
originated in a
dialect and was later
into the literary
language
phrase
qayerga ketayapsan?
qayga ketyapsan?
a style characteristic
of live spoken
speech
“
Global lingvistika: yangi yondashuvlar va tadqiqotlar”
mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman
~ 164 ~
The connection and similarity between literary language and dialects are an
integral part of language development. Without dialects, the development,
enrichment, and renewal of the literary language would be difficult, and without a
literary language, dialects would remain unstandardized. However, both layers play a
crucial role in the progress of a language. Moreover, studying this relationship is a
fundamental basis for the development of linguistic fields such as lexicology,
dialectology, and phonetics.
References:
1.
Ashirboyev Samixon. O‘zbek dialektologiyasi. Darslik. T.: Navro‘z.
2016. - 136 b.
2.
Enazarov Tolib. Dialektal matnlarning leksik tahlili metodining amaliy
ahamiyati. Scientific Journal Impact Factor. 2022. 4,14,24b.
3.
Habiyeva Zebo. Adabiy til va shevalar munosabati. Journal of new
century innovations. 2022. 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123 b.
4.
Yaqub Saidov. O‘zbek dialektologiyasi. T.: Durdona. 2022. 3, 4, 5, 6.
