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when aligned with educational criteria and involving student participation, offers
benefits in authenticity and future learning applicability.
In conclusion, peer assessment serves as a valuable assessment technology for
enhancing speaking skills within the communicative approach. By providing
opportunities for authentic communication, collaboration, and self-reflection, peer
assessment empowers students to become proficient communicators in real-world
contexts.
References
1. Brown, H. D., & Lee, H. (2015). Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language
Pedagogy. (4th ed.). Pearson.
2. Boud, D., & Falchikov, N. (2006). Aligning assessment with long-term learning. Assessment &
Evaluation in Higher Education, 31(4), 399-413.
3. Nunan, D. (2003). The impact of English as a global language on educational policies and practices
in the Asia-Pacific region. TESOL Quarterly, 37(4), 589-613.
4. O’Donnell, A.M., & Topping, K.J. (1998). Peers assessing peers: Possibilities and problems. In
Topping, K. & Ehly, S., Peer-assisted learning (pp. 255–278). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
5. Skehan, P. (2003). Task-based instruction. Language Teaching, 36(1), 1-14.
6. Sung, Y.T., Chang, K.E., Chang, T.H., & Yu, W.C. (2010). How many heads are better than one?
The reliability and validity of teenagers' self and peer assessments. Journal of Adolescence, 33(1),
135–145.
7. Topping, K.J. (2009). Peer assessment. Theory into Practice, 48(1), 20–27 (themed issue on
classroom assessment). Also in K. Cauley & G Panaozzo (Eds.), Annual Editions: Educational
Psychology 11/12. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
8. Topping, K.J. (2018). Using peer assessment to inspire reflection and discussion. Student
assessment for educators series. (Edn. J.H. MacMillan). London, UK: Routledge
9. Tillema, H. H., Leenknecht, M. J. A., & Segers, M. S. R. (2011). Portfolios as a tool to stimulate
teachers' professional development. Professional Development in Education, 37(5), 659-677.
10. Tseng, J. C. R., & Tsai, C. C. (2007). College students' conceptions of and approaches to learning
in science: A phenomenographic analysis. International Journal of Science Education, 29(4), 489-
506.
VERBALIZATION OF TEXTS IN THE MEDIA
Uzbek state world languages university
Sagatova Muborak Payzidinovna
Teacher of Teaching English methodology department
Uzbekistan, Tashkent
Abstract
This in-depth analysis explores the concept of verbalization
in media. Verbalization refers
to translating non-verbal elements like charts, graphs, and visuals into clear, concise words. The
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article highlights the importance of verbalization for comprehension, especially with complex data.
It explores different media formats and how verbalization techniques are adapted for each (news
articles, social media, TV).
Key words:
verbalization, media, social media posts, charts, headlines, infographics.
Every day, the media deluges us with a dizzying amount of information, much
of it shown in intricate ways like graphs, charts, and visualizations. Even though these
components can be effective tools for communicating information, if their full
significance is not properly understood, it may remain obscure. This is the point at
which verbalization becomes relevant. Verbalization is the process of putting these
nonverbal cues into understandable, succinct language. This seemingly straightforward
procedure enables viewers to understand media at a deeper level and gives them the
tools to become more discerning media consumers.
Discussions over the value of succinct and clear communication in the media
have persisted for decades. The necessity of bridging the gap between the information
source and the recipient is emphasized by academics such as Shannon. Verbalization
serves as a bridge in the context of media, translating difficult pictures into messages
that are clear and concise.
Furthermore, research by Mayer, children's comprehension of instructional
television messages communication research highlights the limitations of visual
communication alone. Their study demonstrates that children struggled to grasp the
full meaning of instructional videos without accompanying verbal explanations. This
finding underscores the need for verbalization, particularly when targeting audiences
with varying levels of background knowledge.
Recent studies delve deeper into the specific techniques of effective
verbalization. According to Grabe & Lang, media audiences enacting meaning in
language discuss the concept of "elaboration," where verbal explanations build upon
the visual content, enriching the message and fostering deeper understanding.
But there are some complications with the problem. Tufte asserts that visual
aids, such as pictures and quantities, serve as effective warnings against verbalization
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oversimplification. He contends that explanations that are unduly basic can cause
complicated data visualizations to lose their subtlety.
Methodology
This analysis adopts a qualitative approach, examining the role of verbalization
in various media formats. Examples will be drawn from news articles, television
broadcasts, social media posts, and infographics to illustrate the diverse applications of
verbalization.
The analysis will focus on the following key aspects:
•
The Impact of Verbalization on Comprehension:
How does
verbalization enhance understanding of complex visuals and data?
•
Techniques of Effective Verbalization:
What strategies do media
outlets employ to ensure clear and concise communication?
•
The Nuances of Different Media Formats:
How do verbalization
techniques differ across various media platforms?
Results
The Impact of Verbalization on Comprehension:
Studies have shown that verbalization significantly improves audience
comprehension of complex information. Consider a news report presenting a chart on
economic growth. While the chart might show an upward trend, verbalization can
explain the specific percentage increase and its potential impact. This allows viewers
to grasp the story behind the data, not just the data itself.
The benefits extend beyond mere numbers. Verbalization of infographics,
political cartoons, and even photographs can provide crucial context, unveil potential
biases, and ultimately lead to a more informed and engaged citizenry.
Techniques of Effective Verbalization:
Effective verbalization requires a delicate balance. Here are some key
strategies:
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•
Clarity and Concision:
Complex terminology and jargon might
make it difficult to grasp. Use language that is clear and succinct and appropriate
for the intended audience.
•
Highlighting Key Messages:
Infographics frequently compress a
large amount of data into one picture. The most important information can be
highlighted verbally, preventing the listener from being overwhelmed.
•
Metaphors and Analogies:
Complex concepts can be made more
relatable by comparing them to familiar experiences. For instance, explaining
inflation by comparing it to blowing up a balloon can help non-experts grasp the
concept.
•
Storytelling:
A captivating story may captivate the audience and
encourage them to interact with the material by using data and statistics.
The Nuances of Different Media Formats:
The specific strategies for effective verbalization vary depending on the media
format:
•
News Articles:
Headlines are a prime example of concise
verbalization, summarizing the story in a clear and attention-grabbing way.
Infographics within articles benefit from captions that explain the data and
highlight key trends.
•
Television & Video:
News broadcasts rely heavily on voice-over
narration and on-screen text to verbalize visuals. Documentaries often weave
narration, interviews, and even dramatizations to explain complex topics.
•
Social Media:
The limited character count on platforms like
Twitter demands extreme concision.
By understanding the specific needs and limitations of each media format,
journalists and content creators can leverage verbalization to its fullest potential. This
ensures that audiences receive clear, concise, and well-explained information,
empowering them to become active participants in the media landscape.
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References:
1.
Grabe, W., & Lang, A. (2009). Media audiences enacting meaning in language. Journal of
Communication,
59(1),
188-222.
https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jJUvBO8AAAAJ&hl=en
2.
Mayer, R. E. (2005). Cognitive theory of multimedia learning. The Cambridge Handbook of
Multimedia
Learning,
31-43.
https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/multimedia-
learning/7A62F072A71289E1E262980CB026A3F9
3.
Sagatova M.P. Metaphors in political discourse. International scientific-practical conference
on the topic of “Problems and perspectives of modern technology in teaching foreign languages”.
3(22), Nov., 2023. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/metaphors-
in-political-discourse
