Food Science and Technology

Since glycerin is obtained from vegetable oils and fats, its quality directly depends on the quality of oil and fat. Also, the methods and technologies of obtaining and processing glycerine affect
the quality of glycerine. Based on the results of IK analysis, it was shown that the use of a mixture of
adsorbents to improve the quality of distilled glycerin is effective in the research work. If we look at the IR analysis results of purified glycerol, the IR spectrum of glycerol showed O-H stretching at 3338.15 cm -1 , and C-H stretching was detected in the peaks in the region of 2800-2950 cm -1 . The C=O stretching band present in unbleached glycerol at 1736.58 cm -1 is not present in the spectra of eluted glycerol. It was observed that the peaks observed in the spectra above 3600 cm -1 also disappeared. This means that the phenolic group of substances in refined glycerin has been purified.

The work presents the results of the research of an integrated circuit in order to read the influence of differential blocks on the drying process. The experiments were carried out selectively on a new integrated circuit due to heating of an air flow with pulsating oscillations.

Today, in our Republic, most of the baking oils are margarines prepared on the basis of food salami. These margarines do not meet the standards of trans acid content (more than 2%). The research paper presents the results of hydrogenation of cotton palmitin in the presence of a regenerated catalyst, the melting temperature of which is less than 59 °C and the iodine number of no more than 6, and the preparation of a recipe for margarine with reduced trans acid content, which is used in baking based on it.

Subjects of research: stone fruits (apricot, peach, plum) and subtropical plants (pomegranate, persimmon) grown in Uzbekistan.
Purpose of work: To study the biological and food value of fruits such as apricot, peach, plum, fruit storage regimes of these plants, the forming of advantage direction is rational use of fruits of these species to expand the range of the consumer products produced food industry of the republic for domestic needs and it export.
Methods of research: During investigation to be used a field, laboratorical and chemical methods.
The results obtained and their novelty: The first time in the country held a full-scale study to influince of breed-kind of stone fruits, subtropical plants, and environmental growth conditions to change of product properties arc carbohydrative, protein, vitamin content and food properties of fruits, it is allowed to develop a theoretical base improvement technology of fruit storage and obtaining of biocnergetically valuable products with orientieal functional significance. It was studied dynamical changing in biochemical composition of fruits, breeds and varieties of stone fruits and subtropical plants in connection with the methods and storage method, it is showed the advantage of fruit storaging in a gas modified environment, which allows to increase the duration of storage, safety and food properties of fruit.
Practical value: Based on the studies revealed the most valuable varieties of stone fruits and subtropical plants, the fruits of which can be successfully used for the supply of fresh and processed form. The experimental data of the biochemical composition of fruits of high-quality plants will be used in the preparation of promotional tools and tutorials on fruit and vegetable merchandising products.
Producing recommendations on the use of plastic packaging materials for storage of stone fruits in modified atmosphere. The efficiency of the use of kernels of apricots and peaches in the confectionery and baking industry as an additive to enhance the dressers nutritional value of foods.
Practical value:On base of passing investigation revealed the most valuable sorts of stone fruits and subtropical plants, which can be successfully using for nutrition in fresh and it products. Experimental data of sorting fruits biochemical contents will be used in the preparation of inquiry and informational textbook by coommodity conducting of fruit and vegetable products.
It was proposed to industry using polymer packaging materials for stotage stone fruits in gas modified environment.
It is proved effectivity of using apricot and peach kernels in confection and bread baking industry as addition for increasing food value of products.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: The results of investigation is introduced storage of pomegranates in the activities of storaging up and commercial enterprises, and Sariosiyo and Shcrabad districts of Surkhandarya region.Economical effectiveness in this method of storage, in depending on the selected sorts contents from 448 up to 662 sums per 1 tn of products, which is confirmed with the introduction act. Storaging of plum in hermetieal polyethelene packaging with a capacity 1.5 kg provides receipt profits by sort from 698 up to 842 sums per 1 tn of products.
Field of application: The received results arc recommended to be used in activities of storaging up, commercial and fruit processing enterprises.

Melaninlar tabiiy pigment bo‘lib, oqsil tarkibli tirozin, dioksifenilalanin yoki katexolaminning oksidlanish polimerizatsiyasi hosilasidir.
Melanin hosil bo‘lish jarayoni quyidagicha kechadi. Ribosoma va Goldji kompleksi ishtirokida oqsillardan fosfolipidlar va tirozinaza fermenti sintezi ro‘y beradi. Bular kelajakda melanosomlarning tarkibiy elementi hisoblanib, Goldji kompleksiga o‘tadi va u yerda oraliq pufakchalarda yuzaga keladi. Xuddi shu paytda melaninning sintezi substrati bo‘lmish tirozin aminokislotasi hosil bo‘ladi [1]

Stevia rebaudiana o‘simlik bargidan ajratib olinadigan steviol glikozidlarni asosiy qismini steviozid 6-10% dan iborat bo‘lib, uning ta’midagi taxirligi inson iste’moli uchun noqulayliklarga keltirib chiqarib, foydalanish imkoniyatlarini cheklaydi. Ushbu muammoni yechish uchun fermentativ modifikatsiyalash reaksiyalari yordamida taxir ta’mini yo‘qotishga e’tibor qaratildi.

Ma’lumotlarga ko‘ra, 2050 yilga borib, insonlar soni 9.1 mlrd. ga etib, ularni oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari bilan ta’minlashda katta muammolar paydo bo‘ladi. Hayvon oqsiliga bo‘lgan talab keskin oshib ketishi natijasida, keyingi 35 yil davomida go‘sht mahsulotlarini ishlab chiqarishni 72% ga oshirish talab etiladi. Bu esa foydalanilayotgan qishloq xo‘jalik er maydonlarining 3/2 qismida chorva mollarini etishtirish taqazo etadi. Bu esa o‘z navbatida er maydonlaridan, suv zahiralaridan samarali foydalanish, atrof muhitga ajraladigan is gazining keskin ko‘payishiga sabab bo‘lishi bilan bir qatorda, juda katta miqdorda ozuqa mahsulotlari etishtirish muammosini ham keltirib chiqaradi. Mazkur muammolarni hal etish uchun muqobil manba sifatida ozuqabop hasharotlardan foydalanish zaruriyati paydo bo‘lmoqda.

Alkaloids differ in their physiological effects: some of them weaken or stimulate the nervous system, others paralyze nerve endings, dilate or narrow blood vessels, and others are considered to have an analgesic effect. It is studied using methods such as chromatography, spectroscopy, and continues to get high results in these methods. The advantage of this method is that in the study of alkaloids, the additives contained in alkaloids are considered extremely necessary for the study of organic and meningeal substances, as well as for the analysis of biological objects. The chromatography method is widely used in the study of detection, isolation of compounds contained in alkaloids. On the other hand, the spectroscopy method is studied by exposing light to alkaloids. The chemical composition of alkaloids is studied by ultraviolet light and some reagents.