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EVALUATION OF THE LEVEL OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN THE
BLOOD SERUM IN YOUNG CHILDREN DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF
FEEDING
Abdukadirova Nargiza Batirbekovna
Assistant of the department of Propaedeutics of paediatric diseases,
Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Abstract.
The observed patients were divided into 2 groups: the 1st group
consisted of 20 children aged from 10 days to 1.5 months; Group 2 included 65
children aged 1.5 to 5 months. 50 children were breast-fed, artificial (children
received adapted mixtures "Detolact", "Nutrilak", "NAS") - 15 children. The
predominant class of immunoglobulins in the blood serum of the examined children
was immunoglobulin G. Its concentration in children of the first age group was -5.75
± 0.26 g/l. The content of immunoglobulin M in the blood serum of the observed
children (in the 1st group - 0.83 ± 0.05 g/l; in the 2nd group - 0.99 ± 0.05 g/l) was
significantly higher than in healthy children (0.32 ± 0.14 g/l and 0.48 ± 0.16 g/l,
respectively; p<0.01). The same changes were observed in the concentration of class
A immunoglobulin (in the 1st group, 26 ± 0.05 g/l, in the 2nd group - 0.39 ± 0.03
g/l, in healthy children, the IgA content was 0 0.07 ± 0.05 g/l and 0.15 ± 0.10,
p<0.01).
Key words:
children, natural feeding, artificial feeding, immunoglobulins,
blood serum.
In our society, proper nutrition is the focus of medical attention and is actively
promoted. In all countries, the interest of the most diverse segments of the
population, researchers and government agencies is constantly increasing. The
problem of nutrition is included among the most important global problems that the
UN has put forward for humanity, along with such problems as environmental
protection, energy supply [1,2,8].
The protective properties of breast milk are well known to practitioners. It is
natural feeding that is one of the factors that ensure the full-fledged immunological
reactivity of the child [3,4,6].
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Breast milk protects the baby from infection, allergies, rickets, anemia. Breast
milk also contains biologically active components that strengthen the immature
system of the baby, providing protection against infections, and other components
that help digestion and assimilation of nutrients. A sufficient number of works have
been devoted to the problem of the formation of humoral immunity in healthy and
sick children of 1 year of life. However, on the issue of the formation of humoral
immunity in children with different types of feeding, there are only isolated works
in which we are talking about children of only the 1st month of life and mostly
premature babies [5,7,].
The purpose of the work.
To determine the content of serum
immunoglobulins of three classes (A, M and G) by simple radial immunodiffusion
according to Mancini using standards and antiserums of the I.I. Mechnikov Research
Institute of Vaccines and Serums.
Materials and methods.
The observed data were divided into 2 groups: group
I consisted of 20 children aged 10 days to 1.5 months; group II included 65 children
aged 1.5 to 5 months. There were 50 children on natural feeding, 15 children on
artificial feeding (children received adapted mixtures "Detolact", "Nutrilak", "Nan").
Among 20 children of group I, 11 had acute respiratory viral infections, of
which 4 children had complications in the form of bronchitis, pneumonia, otitis,
pyelonephritis, and 2 had a combined course of acute respiratory viral infections and
purulent bacterial infection (omphalitis, pseudofurunculosis). The remaining 9
children were treated for purulent local catarrhal and purulent infections (omphalitis,
pyoderma, pemphigus, pseudofurunculosis, purulent conjunctivitis, paraproctitis,
pyelonephritis).
In the second age group, the vast majority of children also had ARVI (55). Of
these, 19 children had an uncomplicated course, and 24 had complications such as
bronchitis, catarrhal and purulent otitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis; 2
had a combined course of acute respiratory viral infection and bacterial infection in
the form of pseudofurunculosis, abscess, lymphadenitis, osteomyelitis, and only 10
children had a purulent local infection (pseudofurunculosis, abscess, pyelonephritis,
meningitis).
In most children of both age groups, the diseases occurred on a burdened
background: rickets 18, hypotrophy - in 17, encephalopathy – in 23, exudative
diathesis – in 13, iron deficiency anemia – in 11 children.
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The prevailing class of immunoglobulins in the blood serum of the examined
children was immunoglobulin G. Its concentration in children of the first age group
is -5.75 ± 0.26g/l. The level of immunoglobulin G was practically the same as in
healthy children [12] of the corresponding age groups (6.17 ± 0.16 g/l and 5.09±
0.17g/l; p <0.5), and did not change during the first 5 months of life.
The absence of an increase in the level of immunoglobulin G in viral-bacterial
infections in children of the first months of life indicates the immaturity of their own
synthesis of immunoglobulin G in these children, which corresponds to the literature
data [4]
The content of immunoglobulin M in the blood serum of the observed children
(in group 1 - 0.83± 0.05 g/l; in group 2 -0.99 ± 0.05 g/l) was significantly higher
than in healthy children (0.32 ± 0.14 g/l and 0.48 ± 0.16 g/l, respectively; p <0.01).
The same changes were observed in the concentration of class A immunoglobulin
(in group 1 -0.26± 0.05 g/l, in group 2 -0.39± 0.03 g/l, in healthy children the IdA
content was 0.07 ± 0.05 g/l and 0.15± 0.10 g/l, respectively, age groups; p <0.01).
With age, the concentration of immunoglobulins of classes M and A increased. The
increase in the content of immunoglobulins A and M in the blood serum is due to
viral-bacterial stimulation, and the increase in the level of immunoglobulins M and
A with age, apparently, reflects the maturation of the child's own humoral immune
system.
The content of immunoglobulins, depending on the type of feeding in the
children we examined, is presented in the table.
Table 1
The content of immunoglobulins in blood serum during different types of
feeding
Age
children's
Kinds
Feeding
Concentration of immunoglobulins
(M± m), g/l
IgA
IgM
IgG
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Results and their discussion.
Analysis of the content of immunoglobulins in
blood serum depending on the type of feeding of children showed that the content
of immunoglobulins M and G practically did not depend on the type of feeding
(p>0.05)
The level of immunoglobulin A with natural feeding was lower than with
artificial feeding (p <0.02). This, apparently, can be explained by the earlier
maturation of the own synthesis of immunoglobulin A in artificially fed children.
With natural feeding, this process is delayed due to the passive intake of class A
immunoglobulin with mother's milk. The protective role of immunoglobulins A in
breast milk has been well studied and proven [4]. It is also possible that women's
milk contains some unknown substances that can affect the synthesis of
immunoglobulins.
Conclusion.
Thus, the data obtained by us reveal the relationship between the
level of serum immunoglobulins and the type of feeding of children in the first
months of life and reflect the processes of formation of the humoral immunity
system.
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