Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals
22
https://eipublication.com/index.php/jsshrf
TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
22-25
DOI
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
12 February 2025
ACCEPTED
13 March 2025
PUBLISHED
10 April 2025
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue04 2025
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Kokand And Literary
Tourism
Tursunova Namunaxon
Teacher, Kokand University, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Philology,
Uzbekistan
Abstract:
This article provides information about the
house-museums of writers who worked in the literary
environment of Kokand. In particular, the current state
of the Muhammad Aminkhodja Muqimiy Hujra-House
Museum and Hamza Hakimzoda Niyoziy House Museum
is described. Some comments and suggestions on the
development of literary tourism are put forward.
Keywords:
Literary tourism, Kokand, Muhammad
Aminkhodja Muqimiy Hujra-House Museum, Hamza
Hakimzoda Niyoziy, complex, house-museum, garden,
spirituality.
Introduction:
One of the cities of Uzbekistan with a rich
literary heritage is the city of Kokand. This city, located
on the ancient Silk Road, has been a crossroads of
different cultures for centuries. But what makes Kokand
even more unique is its literary heritage. The city is
known as the homeland of poets and writers who have
made a great contribution to Uzbek and world
literature.
The roots of the Kokand literary school date back to the
19th century. During this period, the city became one of
the cultural centers of Transoxiana. The Kokand khans
patronized art and literature, so many poets, scientists
and artists lived and worked in the city. The city is rich
in luxurious monuments and magnificent madrasahs.
Kokand, as a center for the development of science,
developed extremely during the reign of Umar Khan
Amiri. The literary environment of Kokand was formed.
[ 2.669]
The city's notable monuments, such as the
Khudoyorkhan Palace, the Jami Mosque, the
Mausoleum of Modarikhan, the Norbuta-biy Madrasah,
the Mausoleum of the Khans of Kokand, and Dahma-i
Shahan, continue to attract many tourists today. From
the point of view of literary tourism, the most
interesting aspect of Kokand is the study of places
associated with the life and work of writers and poets.
The issue that I would like to express my opinion on in
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Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals
this article is the historical literary destinations where
prominent and accomplished creators of Uzbek
literature who lived and worked in Kokand settled. The
study of these monuments, their improvement,
inclusion in the list of cultural heritage sites important
for literary tourism, and their promotion are one of the
urgent issues of today.
Today, the city has several literary house museums,
which highlight the life and work of local writers, poets
and cultural figures. These include the Museum of
Great Scholars, the Mukimiy Khujra House Museum,
and the Hamza House Museum.
In 2017, at the initiative of President Shavkat
Mirziyoyev, the Museum of Great Scholars was
established in Kokand, dedicated to the great thinkers
of Uzbekistan. [https://uzbekistan.travel/uz/qo‘qon
-
shahridagi-buyuk-allomalar-muzeyi/].
The project of building the museum belongs to the
famous Uzbek architect S. Sutyagin. The museum
exposition consists of five sections. The first section is
devoted to the science and culture of Central Asia. This
section contains information about the famous
oriental thinkers Abu Raykhan Beruni, Avicenna, al-
Farabi, al-Farghani, al-Bukhari, Mahmud Kashgari,
Ahmad Yassavi, as well as copies of their manuscripts.
The second part of the museum tells about the great
figures of the Timurid era, historical works created
during this period. Also, this section contains a lot of
interesting information from the lives of famous
figures of the Fergana Valley in the 18th-19th
centuries. The sections of the museum extensively
cover the movement of the Jadids in Turkestan, the
lives and activities of its famous representatives -
Mahmudkhodja Behbudi, Abdurauf Fitrat, Abdulla
Avloni, Ibrahim Davron and Ishakkhan Ibrat. There are
exhibits on the art of calligraphy of Kokand,
information about national crafts and sacred places for
pilgrimage. The museum has a special section
dedicated to famous scientists, academicians born in
the Fergana Valley - Qori Niyozi, Tesha Zohidov,
Rakhima Aminova, Polat Kayumi, Usta Boki and others.
On the first floor of the museum there are books on
the work of representatives of the Kokand literary
environment: Umarkhon Amiri, Nodira, Muhyi,
Mukimi, Zavqi, Furqat. The museum is very beautiful,
built in the traditions of modern and historical
architecture. However, there is a lack of specialists in
the field who can introduce tourists to the unique
complex and tell examples of the work of artists.
The Muqimi house-room Museum is located in the
Sahibzade Hazrat Madrasah, one of the architectural
monuments in Kokand. There are different opinions in
the sources about the construction of this madrasah.
The museum staff tells the following story:
“In 1825, the Khan of Kokand, Muhammad Ali Khan,
sent an envoy to the famous scholar and statesman Fazli
Ahad, who was popularly known as Sahibzade Hazrat,
inviting him to come to Kokand and contribute to
science and enlightenment here. Fazli Ahad agreed and
asked for a courtyard and a madrasah to be built for him
and his family. The Khan agreed to this request and built
a courtyard by hashar. “The Khan orders that four
horses be released, and wherever they gather and stop,
a courtyard and a madrasah will be built for the
teachers.” The horses were gathered at the site of the
Sahibzade Hazrat madrasah, which now functions as a
museum. This is the “Begvachcha” neighborhood of
Kokand, whe
re the beks of the Kokand khans lived.”
Miyan Ahad was originally from Peshawar (Pakistan),
and according to his grandson Abdurahman, he met a
merchant named Abdusamadboy and moved to Kokand
with his family in 1825. Ahad gained great attention
among the local population with his sharp mind and
wealth of religious knowledge and was promoted to the
rank of advisor to the khan. He built this madrasa on the
property
he
inherited
from
Pakistan.
[https://fergana.uz/about city/museum]
It is clear that both sources mention that Miyon Ahad
was educated and intelligent.
The madrasa was built between 1827 and 1860. The
madrasa consists of 3 courtyards, 65 rooms, and 1
mosque. The first courtyard was built on the khan's side
by hashar, and the second and third courtyards were
built by Miyon Ahad at his own expense.
The first and second courtyards (only three rooms have
been preserved) were reserved for educational
processes, and the third courtyard was reserved for
economic activities. Seven rooms, four guesthouses
consisted of two verandas, and the rooms in these
places served as a canteen, a hotel for guests, dining
rooms for the poor, and dormitories for students.
Education in the madrasa was carried out in three stages
(absad (initial), adno (intermediate), a'lo (higher)).
There were also dormitories for students who could not
afford to attend.
Sahibzoda Hazrat's sons studied with Miyon
Sotvoldikhan Mukimi. After the death of Mukimi's
father, Mirzakhodja, financial difficulties began in the
family, and when his father's farm was sold and he
became a "homeless man", Miyon Sotvoldikhan
allocated two rooms from the madrasa for his friend. In
1886, the poet moved to this madrasa and lived there
until 1903.
In 1920, its activities as a madrasa were suspended. It
fell into disrepair for many years. By 1939, the room of
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Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals
the madrasa where the poet lived and eight more
rooms were organized as the “Muqimi
-room
museum”. At the forefront of this noble cause was the
poet Askarali Charkhi from Kokand, and through his
efforts the madrasa began to function as a museum.
Charkhi worked as a research assistant at the Mukimi
Museum for many years, “I did my best to restore
Mukimi's literary heritage, preserve it, and present a
number of his unpublished ghazals to the public.”
[8.2]
—
He wrote in his memoirs.
Today, the first courtyard of the madrasa houses the
rooms of Sahibzoda Hazrat, the life and work of
Mukimi, the rooms of Mukimi, Charkhi, Zavqi, Javdat
Abdulla, Husayn Shams, a classroom, and a chillaxation
room. Mukimi played a great role in the cultural and
literary life of his time. Mukimi's room consists of two
parts - the hallway and the inner room. The hallway
served as a warehouse and stored food and dishes. The
poet lived and worked in the inner room. There was a
stove with a chimney and a cauldron here, and the
coals from which food was cooked were placed in a
sandal, which heated the room in winter. There are
examples of calligraphy written by Mukimi with his
own hands, with his signature, books used by the poet,
writing instruments, household items, and clothes.
Looking at this scene, one can imagine that the poet is
busy with his work, has just gone outside, and will
return and continue his work. The room titled “Life and
Creativity of Mukimi” contains artistic and scienti
fic
works on Mukimi’s life and creativity, a portrait of
Mukimi signed by S. Vilansky on gray paper, his journey
in Shahimardan, and pictures depicting the creative
processes with Furqat. It is also worth noting that these
pictures are imaginary examples drawn by artists
based on the descriptions of Mukimi’s nephew
Ruzimuhammad and his friends and interlocutors who
were contemporaries of the poet. Because Mukimi
never painted. The poet’s letters to his nephew prove
this. However, despite this, the room allows you to get
acquainted with the poet’s creative heritage.
The “Sahibzoda Hazrat” room contains a genealogical
map of Hazrat’s descendants and pictures of his
descendants, as well as information about them.
In the “Charkhiy” room there is a desk reflect
ing the
poet’s work, examples of calligraphy, published
collections, a portrait painted by S. Vilansky.
In the “Zavkiy” room, the poet himself used a clock, a
lamp, samples of his work and drawings based on them
are presented.
In the “Husayn Shams” and “Javdad Abdulla” rooms
there are very few exhibits. Only their drawings are
displayed.
This museum is in a rather sad state of repair. The
second and third courtyards have not yet been included
in the museum, and are in a state of disrepair.
The Hamza House-Museum, located on Mukimiy Street
in the city of Kokand, is dedicated to the memory of the
famous Uzbek playwright, poet, and public figure Hamza
Hakimzoda Niyozi. The museum is the house where
Hamza was born, and contains a wealth of information
about his life and work. The museum was founded in
1956[https://fergana.uz/about-city/museum]
The courtyard consists of nine rooms. Hamza's father
was a doctor. The first room is his treatment room, the
second room is Hamza's room, where his personal
belongings are displayed - a piano, two tanburs,
manuscripts, photographs and other exhibits related to
his works. Most of the creator's works were written in
this room.
The third room is the “dining room” where the family
ate. The fourth room is his mother's, the fifth room is his
sister's and the following rooms are kitchens and
tandoors.
This museum is a complex that gives impressions of
Hamza's life and work, has a unique historical
significance, and is one of our cultural heritages.
In the "Shaykhon" cemetery of the city of Kokand, on
the left when entering through the gate, the symbolic
graves of statesmen and artists who have grown up in
the city are collected in one place. Among them is the
grave of Mukimi. These places need to be renovated.
Because
the
tombstones,
according
to
the
interpretations of past centuries, are inscribed with the
words "democratic poet." However, the democrat label
has been removed from the residents. If the tombs were
renovated and turned into a large complex, they would
become a place of pilgrimage for the youth of our
republic and lovers of literature.
According to information, at the beginning of the 20th
century, Kokand had 660 mosques, 67 madrasas, 26
shrines, more than a hundred khanaqohs, 6 central and
dozens of specialized markets, and about 30
caravanserais. [7]
Under the leadership of Mohlaroyim Nodira, the
Chalpak and Mohlaroyim madrasas were also built in
the city in 1824-1825, but today there is no information
about their locations.
The director of the Kokand State Museum-Reserve,
Movlonkulov
Muhammadrashod,
appealed
to
representatives of this field about the need to restore
these madrasas and start their activities as museums.
Another devotee of literature and culture, literary critic
Kobilova Zebokhon, is also carrying out practical work
on including the city of Kokand in the “UNESCO Network
of Creative Cities”. If their activities and efforts were
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supported, and the symbolic appearance of the
monuments were restored, the city would have a rich
cultural heritage. This would certainly have stimulated
the development of local tourism, created jobs, and
ensured employment for the local population.
Let's say that prosperous destinations have been built,
who will introduce them to foreign or local tourists in
detail? Museum employees? No, they don't even know
a single verse of the creative work, so how can they
introduce it to visitors?
It is necessary to hire specialists who are well versed in
the literary environment and history of Kokand,
graduates of the faculties of Uzbek language and
literature, and history. Or it is necessary that all
creators of the literary environment of Kokand, from
museum employees to hotel employees, know the
examples of life and work of all creators. It is necessary
to include tourism as a subject in the curricula of all
higher educational institutions in Kokand, especially
the faculty of tourism, and to open faculties of
museum studies. If the considerations we have
outlined are implemented, our state will have huge
investments in economic, spiritual, educational, and
political terms. The local population will be employed,
hotels, restaurants, and theaters will operate at full
capacity, and foreign currency inflows will increase.
After all, spiritual development is the basis for
economic growth.
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https://uzbekistan.travel/uz/o/qo%E2%80%98qon-
shahridagi-buyuk-allomalar-muzeyi/
