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То есть, данные методы и приемы должны быть посильны для наших учеников, так как
сложные задания и упражнения приводят к нежеланию продолжать учебу. И в нашем
случае нужно применить нарастающую последовательность – от простого к сложному.
Таким образом, интерактивные методы могут стать эффективной базой для
обучения говорению, как монологической, так и диалогической речи учащихся
национальных школ. Находясь в диалоге и постоянном взаимодействии с одноклассниками
и участниками команды, обучающиеся могут без стеснения развивать свои творческие,
личностные и интеллектуальные качества. Специфика использования интерактивных
методов обучения в развитии речи учащихся на школьных уроках русского языка
заключается в том, что учитель не дает готовые знания, а мотивирует обучающихся к
самостоятельному поиску знаний для достижений поставленной учебной цели.
СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. Федоренко Л.П. Анализ теории и практики методики обучения русскому языку//Курск,
1994. – 56 с.
2.Бекмуратова У. А. Мотивация как основной компонент организации самостоятельной
работы студентов//Вестник Таджикского национального университета, 2020. –179-186с.
3. Крупская Н.К. О преподавании иностранных языков//Собрание сочинений, 1923 –т.3,
208с.
4. Панина Т. С. Интерактивное обучение / Т. С. Панина, Л. Н. Вавилова //Образование и
наука, 2007. – №6 (48). – С. 32-41.
COGNITIVE AND EFFECTIVE SKILL DEVELOPMENT WITH LITERATURE
Daniyarova Nargiza
MA student of Uzbek State World Languages University
Annotation:
This article gives information about
the essence of critical thinking
for diverse
viewpoints which is vital in today’s world. The significance of literature in skill development is
multifaceted and profound. It not only shapes our cognitive abilities but also cultivates essential
active skills, fostering personal growth and societal understanding.
Key words
: cognitive abilities, cultivates, essential
,
intricate problems, dilemmas, self -
discovery
Developing critical thinking stands as a fundamental aspect of cognitive growth and is a vital
proficiency in today's intricate world. The essence of critical thinking lies in the capability to
scrutinize information, assess diverse viewpoints, and construct logical judgments grounded in
available evidence.
When engaging with literary works, readers frequently find themselves immersed in the text,
dissecting plots, comprehending character motivations, and deciphering underlying themes. This
process inherently demands a significant degree of critical thinking. Readers navigate through
presented information, distinguishing between facts and opinions, ultimately drawing conclusions
based on their comprehension.
197
Additionally, literature often introduces intricate, multifaceted issues, necessitating readers
to contemplate various perspectives. This cultivates open-mindedness and fosters the capacity to
appreciate diverse viewpoints. This facet of critical thinking proves particularly invaluable in our
progressively globalized world, where understanding and empathizing with diverse cultural and
societal outlooks hold paramount importance.
Literature serves as a potent tool for enhancing critical thinking, a pivotal cognitive skill. By
prompting readers to analyze, assess, and form logical judgments, literature not only enriches their
reading encounters but also furnishes them with a skill of immense value in numerous facets of
life.
Problem-Solving: Learning through Literary Challenges
When characters in literary works face complex issues, readers are often required to
anticipate the possible outcomes of various decisions. This process mirrors real-life problem-
solving, where individuals must consider the potential consequences of their choices before
making them. For instance, when a character in a novel is contemplating whether to reveal a crucial
secret, the reader may weigh the potential benefits and drawbacks of this action, thereby enhancing
their ability to anticipate outcomes in their own life.
Furthermore, literature provides readers with a secure and controlled environment to explore
problem-solving. They can ponder over characters' actions and their repercussions, gaining
insights applicable to their own lives. For example, a reader might contemplate how they would
respond in a similar situation, what they would do differently, and why.
Literature proves to be an invaluable tool for honing problem-solving skills. By presenting
intricate problems within narratives, it encourages readers to engage in critical thinking, make
predictions, and reflect on their decision-making processes
The realm of literature frequently unfolds narratives featuring characters grappling with
intricate problems, dilemmas, or conflicts, a narrative aspect not only propelling the storyline but
also providing readers with profound opportunities to actively engage in the art of problem-
solving. As readers navigate through the complexities of a narrative, they find themselves
prompted to foresee potential outcomes, identify conceivable solutions, and critically evaluate the
effectiveness of characters' decisions. This process mirrors the dynamics of real-life problem-
solving, where individuals, much like the characters in literature, must adeptly assess situations,
contemplate diverse strategies, and make informed decisions based on the available troves of
information.
Furthermore, literature extends a unique platform for readers to delve into problem-solving
within a secure and controlled environment. In the realms of literary landscapes, readers can
ponder over characters’ actions and their ensuing consequences, gaining profound insights that
transcend the narrative and find practical application in their own lives. Reading the popular
children's tale “The Little Mouse, the Red Ripe Strawberry, and the Big Hungry Bear” prompts
readers to consider how they might react in a similar scenario and why. Beyond problem-solving,
literature emerges as a versatile instrument that not only promotes creativity but also plays an
important role in the development of critical cognitive abilities. Reading, especially in immersive
worlds created by authors, fosters creativity.
Readers are transported into these literary universes, compelled to envision characters,
settings, and scenarios with a richness of detail often minimally described by the author. This
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imaginative exercise, akin to filling in the gaps left by the narrative, exercises and strengthens the
reader's creative muscles.
For example, the “Harry Potter” series by J.K. Rowling immerses readers in a world where
magic is real, encouraging them to envision Hogwarts, characters like Harry, Hermione, and Ron,
as well as magical creatures such as hippogriffs and house-elves. This imaginative exercise not
only enriches the reader’s creative abilities but also deepens their engagement with the story.
Moreover, literature often introduces ambiguity and open-ended narratives, inviting readers to
construct their own resolutions or alternative endings. This not only elevates their creative
problem-solving prowess but also serves as a springboard for cultivating innovative thinking. The
intertwining of creativity and literature, therefore, extends far beyond the realms of mere
entertainment, permeating and influencing various facets of cognition and activity.
Moving beyond the area of creativity, literature appears as a formidable ally in the
development and improvement of communication abilities. Communication, a fundamental ability
in the human experience, finds a strong companion in literature, which has a wide range of voices
and expressive styles that help to enhance skills. Engaging with literature exposes individuals to a
vast array of linguistic styles, narrative structures, and rhetorical devices, thereby enriching
vocabulary and deepening the understanding of language’s dynamic role in conveying meaning
across different contexts. If to take Shakespeare and Morrison, they both emphasize the importance
of clarity in their works. By using concise language and carefully chosen words, they ensure that
their messages are easily understood by their audiences.
Furthermore, literature beckons readers to empathize with characters, comprehend their
motivations, and perceive the world from their unique perspectives. This immersive process not
only heightens the ability to listen actively but also nurtures the capacity to respond empathetically,
two integral components of effective communication.
In addition to enhancing individual communication skills, literature provides fertile ground
for collective discourse and debate, offering opportunities for individuals to practice articulating
their thoughts and ideas with clarity and persuasion. Whether it's a lively discussion in a book club
or the crafting of an insightful essay about a poem, these activities serve as dynamic arenas for
honing communication skills and fostering a community of articulate and expressive individuals.
Empathy, a cornerstone of human connection, finds a profound ally in literature, where rich
narratives and diverse characters create an immersive experience that bridges the gap between self
and others. Literature, with its ability to evoke deep emotional responses, emerges as a potent
catalyst for fostering empathy.
As readers engage with literature, they are granted access to the inner worlds of characters,
gaining profound insights into their thoughts, emotions, and experiences. This process goes
beyond personal experiences, generating an emotional knowledge that is larger than the reader's
own world. Consider Harper Lee's “To Kill a Mockingbird,” whose powerful narrative compels
readers to empathize with people navigating the turbulent seas of racial injustice. By experiencing
the world through the eyes of characters like Scout, readers gain a nuanced understanding of the
profound impacts of prejudice and discrimination.
Moreover, literature frequently introduces characters whose cultural, historical, or life
circumstances diverge from those of the readers. By empathizing with these diverse characters,
readers embark on a journey of broadened understanding and enhanced acceptance of diversity.
The nuanced experiences of characters become a gateway to embracing the richness of varied
199
perspectives, thereby contributing to the development of a more inclusive and compassionate
society.
Research has shown that literary fiction plays a crucial role in improving people’s capacity
to comprehend the emotions and perspectives of others, a vital skill for navigating complex social
interactions. This highlights the significant influence literature can have on promoting empathy,
both at the individual level and in building a more compassionate and interconnected society. In
essence, literature’s role as a catalyst for empathy extends beyond the pages of a book, reaching
into the tapestry of human connections and shaping a collective consciousness rooted in
understanding and compassion.
Literature goes beyond mere amusement; it acts as a powerful trigger for the enhancement
of cognitive abilities and active skills. Engaged in intricate storylines, individuals set out on a
voyage of discovery, encountering a variety of experiences, concepts, and linguistic subtleties.
Engaging in this exploration supports various cognitive skills such as critical thinking, analytical
reasoning, and imaginative thinking. As individuals delve into intricate narratives, dissect
characters’ intentions, and unravel complex storylines, their cognitive abilities are enhanced.
Furthermore, literature cultivates active skills such as communication and empathy. When readers
immerse themselves in the viewpoints of characters from diverse backgrounds and confronting
distinct obstacles, they enhance their capacity to empathize and relate to others on a profound
level. This fosters empathy and effective communication skills crucial for personal growth and
societal well-being.
The immersive nature of literature goes beyond the confines of the page. It ignites the
imagination and promotes open-mindedness by exposing readers to diverse perspectives and
scenarios. These skills transcend the act of reading, becoming transferable assets that equip
individuals for lifelong learning and adaptation in our ever-evolving world. The importance of
literature in the development of skills is complex and deep-rooted. It not only influences our
cognitive capabilities but also nurtures crucial active skills, promoting personal development and
societal comprehension. Through interaction with literature, individuals embark on a voyage of
self-exploration, broaden their perspectives, and enhance their lives in ways that transcend mere
reading.
REFERENCES:
Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2006). Critical Thinking: The Nature of Critical and Creative Thought.
Journal of Developmental Education, 30(2), 2-7.
Rosenblatt, L. M. (1978). The Reader, the Text, the Poem: The Transactional Theory of the
Literary Work. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
Rowling, J.K. (1997-2007). Harry Potter Series. Scholastic.
Lee, H. (1960). To Kill a Mockingbird. J.B. Lippincott & Co.
Morrison, T. (1987). Beloved. Alfred A. Knopf.
Critical Thinking with Literature: It’s Problem-Solving. [https://www.greatbooks.org/critical-
thinking-with-literature-its-problem-solving/.]
Systematic
problem-solving
and
its
antecedents:
a
synthesis
of
the
....
[https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/MRR-06-2019-0284/full/html.]
The 100 Best Problem Solving Kids Books. [https://bookroo.com/explore/books/topics
/problem-solving.]
26
Good
Examples
of
Problem
Solving
(Interview
Answers).
[https://careersidekick.com/problem-solving-examples/.]
200
Sustainability | Free Full-Text | Examples of Problem-Solving [https://www.mdpi.com/2071-
1050/12/23/10113.]
Reading Literature as Problem-Solving - JSTOR. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/810456.]
Problem-Solution
Essays:
Definition
and
Examples
–
Thought
Co.
[https://www.thoughtco.com/problem-solution-composition-1691539.]
Cognitive
Empathy
vs.
Emotional
Empathy
–
Very
well
Mind.
[https://www.verywellmind.com/cognitive-and-emotional-empathy-4582389.]
14.Bloom, H. (1994). The Western Canon. New York: Riverhead Books.
15.Fish, S. (1980). Is There a Text in This Class? The Authority of Interpretive Communities.
Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
https://www.coursera.org/articles/critical-thinking-skills
https://www.uopeople.edu/blog/why-is-critical-thinking-important/
https://orelt.col.org/module/unit/5-facilitating-critical-thinking-through-literature
https://exquisitiveeducation.com/why-is-literature-important-in-education/
https://www.idahoednews.org/voices/reading-develops-critical-thinking-skills/
TYPES OF ACTIVITIES FOR ENGLISH LESSONS OF HIGHER MEDICAL
INSTITUTES
Dastenova Firuza Andreyevna.
PhD student of Karakalpak State University
Abstract
. In order to develop medical students’ foreign language knowledge a teacher
should conduct lessons using the materials which include four aspects of the language: reading,
listening, speaking and writing. This article deals with several ways of holding such kind of
lessons.
Key words:
medical students, reading, listening, speaking, writing, hold lessons, the
English language, activities, tasks, authentic materials.
Today, great attention is paid to the educational process in our country. In particular, the
knowledge of a foreign language is becoming a component of our life. Nowadays, there are many
ways to improve not only the knowledge of a foreign language, but also the professional
competence of students in a foreign language. Starting from the 2021-2022 academic year, in order
to encourage the wide use of foreign literature by young personnel, scholarships for students of
medical higher education institutions who have an international certificate of knowledge of a
foreign language (English, German, French) (except for those who master the specialty subjects
for 3 grades) additional payment from the funds of the Student Incentive Fund is also part of the
President's measures to introduce a completely new system of training and continuous professional
development of personnel in the medical and sanitary field on" was reflected in the decision
/
[1].
That’s why modern English lessons must motivate medical students to learn English with
different tasks which can interest and engage them. Here are given several techniques for effective
teaching English.
Whether you teach English, ESL, social studies, language arts, or physical education, there
are always benefits to introducing a warm-up activity to your lesson plans. You’ll quickly discover
that starting a class in one of these fun ways won’t only get your learners excited about a new
