Profilaktik tibbiyot va salomatlik
–
Профилактическая
медицина
и
здоровье
–
Preventive Medicine
and Health
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/preventive-medicine
Bronchitis in children under one year of age and methods
of its treatment
Ugilbibi FAYZIEVA
1
, Umida URAKOVA
2
, Saida URAKOVA
3
Termez branch, Tashkent Medical Academy
Tashkent Medical Academy
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received November 2022
Received in revised form
10 December 2022
Accepted 25 December 2022
Available online
15 February 2023
In this article, treatment of Bronchitis is a long and difficult
process. In any case, the recommendations of a qualified doctor
are necessary, because different forms of the disease require
the use of specific treatment methods. Treatment procedures
are different: etiotropic
–
elimination of the causative factor
(virus or bacteria), symptomatic treatment
–
elimination of life-
threatening symptoms, in case of obstructive bronchitis and
bronchiolitis, hospital treatment is recommended.
2181-3663
/©
2023 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3663-vol2-iss1-pp28-34
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru
Keywords:
Infection,
bacterial,
pediatric,
virus,
bacteria,
allergen,
toxic,
berodual,
eufillin,
bronchitis.
Bronxit bir yoshgacha bo
‘
lgan bolalar va uning davolash
usullari
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
Infektsiya,
bakterial,
pediatriya,
virus,
bakteriya,
allergen,
toksik,
berodual,
eufillin,
bronxit.
Ushbu maqolada bronxitni davolash uzoq va qiyin
jarayondir. Har holda, malakali shifokorning tavsiyalari zarur,
chunki kasallikning turli shakllari muayyan davolash
usullaridan foydalanishni talab qiladi.
Davolash tartib- qoidalari har xil: etiotropik
–
qo‘zg‘atuvchi
omilni (virusli bakteriyalarni) bartaraf etish, simptomatik
davolash hayotga xavf tug‘diruvchi simptomlarni bartaraf etish,
obstruktiv bronxit va bronxiolitda kasalxonada davolanish
tavsiya etiladi.
1
Associate Professor, Termez branch, Tashkent Medical Academy.
2
Student of Termez branch, Tashkent Medical Academy.
3
Student of Tashkent Medical Academy.
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Бронхит у детей до года и методы его лечения
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
инфекция,
бактериальная,
педиатрическая,
вирусная,
бактерии,
аллерген,
токсический,
беродуал,
эуфиллин,
бронхит.
В данной статье рассмотрено, что лечение бронхита
представляет собой длительный и сложный процесс. В любом
случае, необходимы рекомендации квалифицированного
врача, ведь разные формы заболевания требуют применения
специфических методов лечения. Методики лечения разные:
этиотропные –
устранение возбудителя (вирусных бактерий),
симптоматическое лечение –
устранение угрожающих жизни
симптомов, при обструктивных бронхитах и бронхиолитах
рекомендуется стационарное лечение.
Bronchitis in children under one year of age is usually a complication of a bacterial
or viral infection that involves the respiratory tract. But sometimes the disease occurs for
no apparent reason. Suspected disease may be a characteristic noise in the chest and
wheezing. The reason for this lies in the symptoms of accumulated mucus in the
respiratory tract. Pediatricians want to prescribe babies for treatment: Bronchitis in
children under one year old is usually a complication of a bacterial or viral infection that
involves the respiratory tract. But sometimes the disease occurs for no apparent reason.
Suspected disease may be a characteristic noise in the chest and wheezing. The reason
for this lies in the symptoms of accumulated mucus in the respiratory tract. Pediatricians
want to prescribe babies for treatment: In the treatment of acute bronchitis in children,
inflammation of the mucous membranes and cough should be eliminated first. It is also
important not to forget that cough is a defense mechanism of the div, through coughing
the div tries to get rid of foreign bodies (regardless of whether it is a virus, bacteria,
allergen or toxic substance). Because of this, a lot of mucus is produced in the mucous
membranes and it is expelled from the div in the form of sputum. The only problem is
that this sputum is very sticky and difficult to move, especially in young children, because
their lungs and bronchi are weak, they cannot separate the sputum by coughing.
Mucolytics and expectorants are used to facilitate sputum passage. Mucolytic agents
(ASS, Ambrohexal, Bromhexine) soften sputum and make it easier to move. Expectorants
(Ascoril, Gerbion, Gedelix, Prospan, Dr. Mom) facilitate the passage of sputum from the
respiratory tract during coughing. Most of these preparations are prepared on the basis
of medicinal plants. In addition, some antitussive drugs have the ability to block the
cough center in the brain. Such drugs are prescribed when a long-lasting dry cough is
observed. A dry cough is an early sign of the disease. However, it is not possible to take
antitussive drugs during a wet cough when expectoration is observed. Because such
means block the cough center and prevent the release of sputum. Drugs that expand the
bronchial space (berodual, eufillin) are used in spasm of bronchial branches. They can be
in the form of an aerosol for inhalation or in the form of tablets. Baking soda and salt
inhalations can be used as anti-inflammatory agents. It is recommended to give
antipyretic, analgesic and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (paracetamol, ibuprofen
and their analogs) to children only when the div temperature exceeds 38-38.5 oC. In
cases below 38 oC, it is not necessary to give such tools to children, the div will fight the
infection on its own. Medicines such as aspirin and analgen cannot be used in children. In
Profilaktik tibbiyot va salomatlik
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cases of severe inflammation, the doctor may also prescribe hormonal anti-inflammatory
drugs. In the allergic form of bronchitis, antihistamines are used to reduce swelling of
mucous membranes.
Treatment of bronchitis is a long and difficult process. In any case, the
recommendations of a qualified doctor are necessary, because different forms of the
disease require the use of specific treatment methods. Treatment methods are also
different: etiotropic
–
elimination of the causative factor (virus or bacteria), symptomatic
treatment
–
elimination of life-threatening symptoms, in the case of obstructive
bronchitis and bronchiolitis, hospital treatment is recommended.
Treatment of acute bronchitis in children
–
etiotropic Bronchitis caused by a virus
is usually not
–
etiotropically treated. However, bronchitis caused by the flu virus can be
treated with drugs such as Arbidol, Relenza or Tamiflu. There is no etiotropic treatment
for bronchitis caused by ARVI infection, rhinovirus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, so
the disease is often treated symptomatically. In some cases, the doctor may prescribe
drugs that strengthen the immune system. However, such drugs are strictly prescribed
by a doctor, because these drugs also have side effects. Antibiotics are usually used in
bacterial bronchitis. The type of antibiotic is selected depending on the type of pathogen
that caused the disease. Antibiotics should not be used independently, in case of viral
bronchitis or allergic bronchitis, antibiotics will not have any effect, on the contrary, they
can have a negative effect on the div. Penicillin and tetracycline antibiotics, macrolides,
cephalosporins (amoxicillin, amoxiclav, erythromycin) can often be used in the treatment
of bronchitis. Tablet forms of antibiotics are prescribed in mild forms of the disease.
When severe bronchitis is observed, especially in young children, antibiotics are
administered parenterally. The effect of antibiotics is manifested by the improvement of
the general condition of the child, reduction of symptoms and lowering of div
temperature. Otherwise, the type of antibiotic is changed. The duration of antibiotic
therapy in acute bronchitis is 1 week and in chronic form it is 2 weeks. Etiological
treatment of allergic bronchitis consists in limiting exposure to allergens that cause
bronchitis, such as dust, animal dander, plants, insect venom, chemicals, etc.
Symptomatic treatment of bronchitis. In the treatment of acute bronchitis in children,
inflammation of mucous membranes and cough should be eliminated first. It is also
important not to forget that cough is a defense mechanism of the div, through coughing
the div tries to get rid of foreign bodies (regardless of whether it is a virus, bacteria,
allergen or toxic substance). Because of this, a lot of mucus is produced in the mucous
membranes and it is expelled from the div in the form of sputum. The only problem is
that this sputum is very sticky and difficult to move, especially in young children, because
their lungs and bronchi are weak, they cannot separate the sputum by coughing.
Mucolytics and expectorants are used to facilitate sputum passage. Mucolytic agents
(ASS, Ambrohexal, Bromhexine) soften sputum and make it easier to move. Expectorants
(Ascoril, Gerbion, Gedelix, Prospan, Dr. Mom) facilitate the passage of sputum from the
respiratory tract during coughing. Most of these preparations are prepared on the basis
of medicinal plants. In addition, some antitussive drugs have the ability to block the
cough center in the brain. Such drugs are prescribed when a long-lasting dry cough is
observed. A dry cough is an early sign of the disease. However, it is not possible to take
antitussive drugs during a wet cough when expectoration is observed. Because such tools
block the cough center and prevent the release of sputum. Drugs that expand the
Profilaktik tibbiyot va salomatlik
–
Профилактическая медицина и здоровье
–
Preventive Medicine and Health
Issue
–
2
№
1 (2023) / ISSN 2181-3663
31
bronchial space (berodual, eufillin) are used for spasm of bronchial branches. They can
be in the form of an aerosol for inhalation or in the form of tablets. Baking soda and
saline inhalations can be used as anti-inflammatory agents. It is recommended to give
antipyretic, analgesic and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (paracetamol, ibuprofen
and their analogs) to children only when the div temperature exceeds 38-38.5 oC. In
cases below 38 oC, it is not necessary to give such tools to children, the div will fight the
infection on its own. Medicines such as aspirin and analgin cannot be used in children. In
cases of severe inflammation, the doctor may also prescribe hormonal anti-inflammatory
drugs. In the allergic form of bronchitis, antihistamines are used to reduce swelling of
mucous membranes.
Non-drug treatment
If you think that bronchitis in children can be treated only with the help of
medicines, you are wrong. To treat the disease completely without complications, it is
necessary to follow a number of measures. First of all, it is necessary to increase fluid
intake
–
it is recommended to drink 2 times more fluid than the usual amount, because
when the div temperature rises, the div becomes dehydrated. In addition, liquids
ensure the removal of toxins from the div. When wheezing occurs in children with
obstructive bronchitis, fluid secretion through the lungs increases, and rehydration
measures should also be used in this case. The liquid should be warm, not hot or boiling.
Kisel, molasses, juices, tea, warm milk and namatak tincture are useful. If children have
bronchitis, they should follow the bed routine, but not strictly. Because staying in one
position for a long time causes sputum to stay in the lungs and become humid. Children
are encouraged to be active from time to time. If the child is breastfed, it is enough to
change his position. If the general condition of the patient improves, it is also very useful
to take a walk in the fresh air. Another important point is that the temperature of the
child's room should not be too low or too high. The optimal range is +18 oC and +22 oC.
Very high temperature dries the air and reduces humidity, which increases the
inflammatory process in the bronchi. The optimal room humidity is 50-70%, so it is
advisable to ventilate the room often. Bronchitis is a common disease among infants and
children. Their immunity is not the most mature and many children suffer from acute
bronchitis. produced by sudden inflammation of the bronchial tubes found in the lungs
and can affect people of all ages. There are respiratory viruses that accompany this
bronchitis (respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza or influenza) which are the ones
that cause this condition in most cases. Children over 5 years old can also be infected
with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae. Bronchitis is a respiratory
disease where acute inflammation of the bronchial mucosa occurs. The bronchi located in
the lungs are blocked with mucus, causing a terrible cough. Its manifestation usually does
not exceed two weeks. To make a diagnosis, the child first goes to the place where it is
observed that there is a cough with or without sputum, and where it does not last for 2
weeks. In most cases, it is manifested in infants or preschool children with other
respiratory problems, such as nasopharyngitis or upper respiratory tract flu. Vomiting
can also occur due to coughing up phlegm. Mucus or sputum discharge should be
observed, although in most cases this does not mean that it is a bacterial infection, but
with the presence of peroxidase released by leukocytes in the mucus. Green mucus does
not always mean that antibiotics should be used, the assessment is better evaluated by a
pediatrician. What symptoms do you have? The main form is cough, dry cough,
suffocating cough, wheezing sounds in the chest while breathing and in some it usually
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gives a slight fever. The main form is cough, dry cough, suffocating cough, wheezing
sounds in the chest while breathing and in some it usually gives a slight fever. If it is
present, it is considered chronic, its duration is more than 3 weeks or it is repeated
repeatedly. If the child has an acute episode, an underlying disease, or trauma from
prolonged exposure to irritants, an investigation should be performed.
What causes bronchitis?
Bronchitis appears more frequently in the winter months and in children under 4
years of age. It is usually caused by numerous respiratory viruses, rhinovirus or
mycoplasma pneumoniae. Other factors can be hazardous environment where you
breathe tobacco, aerosols or irritants such as insecticides. Atmospheric pollutants can
also cause it, as well as humid air or sudden changes in temperature in very cold regions.
Children 7-8 years old They may show these symptoms as a reaction to allergic causes,
for example, contact with animals or in the spring season. In this case, the bronchi
become inflamed, which leads to bronchitis. There is no cure for bronchitis. based on
addiction. If there is a low-grade fever, it can be sent some antipyretic wet and warm
cloth to bring down the fever. Bronquitis en los niños is managed with a lot of liqui
d so it
can dissolve mucus much better and even help with fever. For this annoying cough, you
should go to the pediatrician to assess the level and advise some kind of mechanism. In
this case, a spacer chamber may be available at home to administer where are
bronchodilators used salbutamol or inhaled terbutaline. In this way, sessions from 2 to 4
salbutamol To make your breathing easier, with this camera, it affects the obstructed
bronchi, so that they can open the air and improve access. You can also prescribe oral
corticosteroids every 8 or 12 hours and duration from 5 to 7 days. Bronchitis does not
last more than 7-10 days, and the worst days usually occur between the first 3 and 4
days. Usually it develops without complications, and if it lasts more than 10 days, it is
necessary to consult a specialist.
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социально
-
научное знание: теоретические исследования и практические
разработки (
PP. 47
–
56).
