Жамият
ва
инновациялар
–
Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/socinov/index
Regarding the features of aphorisms as they relate to the
idea of "tongue" in the English language
Shokhidakhon KURBONOVА
1
Kokand University Andijan branch
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received April 2025
Received in revised form
15 May 2025
Accepted 25 May 2025
Available online
15 June 2025
The article studies paremiological units in modern linguistics
and their specific features which investigates aphorisms related
to the concept of "tongue" in English.
2181-
1415/©
2025 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol6-iss5/S-pp535-542
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
aphorism,
paremiological unit,
proverb,
saying,
phraseological unit.
Ingliz tilida “til” tushunchasi bilan bog‘liq bo‘lgan
aforizmlarning xususiyatlari haqida
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
aforizm,
paremiyalogik birlik,
maqol,
matal,
frazeologik birlik.
Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy tilshunoslikda paremiyalogik
birliklar, ularning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari ustida izlanish olib
borilgan va ingliz tilida
“tongue” konseptiga oid aforizmlar
tadqiq etilgan.
Об особенностях афоризмов в их связи с понятием
"язык" в английском языке
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
афоризм,
паремиологическая
единица,
пословица,
поговорка,
фразеологическая
единица.
В данной статье рассматриваются особенности
паремиологических единиц в современном языкознании,
а также проводится анализ афоризмов, связанных с
концептом "tongue" в английском языке.
1
PhD, Associate Professor, Kokand University Andijan branch. E-mail: Shohidaxon199011@gmail.com
Жамият
ва
инновациялар
–
Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Special Issue
–
05 (2025) / ISSN 2181-1415
536
INTRODUCTION
In modern linguistics, paremiological units are units that have a great potential in
terms of informativeness in the language, were prepared by ancestors, have the quality of
stability as the main features, and exist as the integrity of communicative content and
grammatical form. They are traditional sentences, formed on the basis of certain
patterns. Paremiological units have all the characteristics of speech derivatives (devices)
in the form of a text, the signs of sociality and non-repeatability in them are similar to
such signs of speech sounds, words, affixes.
A unique approach is required in the modeling of paremiological units related to
the concept of "tongue" in English. In determining their attitude to language and speech,
an exceptional approach to other speech phenomena is appropriate.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Paremiological unit in all languages is different from phraseologism.
Phraseological unit, first of all, has the status of a word (lexeme), while proverbs and
proverbs are of speech nature, that is, they are formed grammatically; the speaker does
not feel the need to give a grammatical tone in the process of using it. It can be called
internal stability that words in stable compounds cannot be replaced by synonyms and
variants, and that sentences in proverbs are grammatically formed and become stable.
Even when proverbs and proverbs take place in another sentence as a ready-made
syntactic device, their sentence status remains intact.
The use of paremiological units related to the concept of "Tongue" is not only
dependent on events, situational changes, even a specific context has the ability to choose
the appropriate option. In order to use the aesthetic function of the language, the creator
chooses one of the inexhaustible expressive possibilities of the language according to his
purpose
–
the one he wants. The variants of proverbs and proverbs do not mean the
same thing, there is a very subtle difference in meaning between them. The author or
speaker chooses only one of them to express his opinion more sharply and clearly,
according to the speech situation and purpose.
In the aphorisms related to the concept of "tongue" in English, language is
considered as the heart, pride, symbol of independence, future of the nation. In contrast,
in a number of the most powerful and significant works of art, the language first of all
touches the heartstrings. Then it is mentioned as a means of conveying the words to the
listener.
In English, paremies, aphorisms and texts form the symbolic, objective, imaginative
and evaluative layers of the "tongue" concept and allow to fill in the cognitotype of the
lower terminals of the mental-linguistic model of the language.
Aphorisms, along with proverbs, are artistic summaries of folk wisdom and
express various aspects of folk thinking. Aphorisms occur as an independent genre, but
they can also be "inserted" into a non-aphoristic context [Surkov 1962: 366].
The main features of aphorisms, i.e. philosophical, definitiveness, generalized
character of semantic categories, are naturally reflected in the compositional
construction of the word. Such a microtext, compared to other gnomic units, is also called
a "product of life experience" by great personalities. In this, the author abandons the
subjective worldview of the statement and brings the ready-made formula to the reader's
simple honest thinking:
Euch is the residue of design: Bi Rickey
Library is thought in cold storage: Lord Samueh
Жамият
ва
инновациялар
–
Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Special Issue
–
05 (2025) / ISSN 2181-1415
537
The compositional features of aphorisms, together with artistic and stylistic
means, provide words in the gnomic sense of the language with an obligatory feature for
them
–
unconventionality.
LITERATURE REVIEW
In the process of scientific research, we witnessed a lot of use of the following
stylistic devices in aphorisms related to the concept of "tongue" in the English language.
1. Antithesis
–
Methodological use of contrasting ideas, concepts, etc
.
1.
Talking should be an exercise of the brain not of the tongue
(Гапириш тилнинг
эмас, балки миянинг машқлари бўлиши керак)
(Anonymous)
2.
Queen. Hamlet, thou hast thy father much offended.
Ham. Mother, you have my father much offended.
Queen. Come, come, you answer with an idle tongue (William Shakespeare).
As can be seen from the above examples, "brain and language or thought and
language" are opposed to each other and antithesis is created in these aphorisms.
2. Comparisons
–
is an artistic image tool based on bright and exaggerated
depiction of the object of the image by simulating it with another thing-phenomenon, which
relies on common signs and characteristics for the things-phenomena that are being
compared
.
1.
“English is the most beautiful language, but not rhymed tongue”
(John Lennon).
(Инглиз тили чиройли тил бўлиши мумкин лекин қофияли тил эмас
)
2.
“Silence is foolish if we are wise, but wise if we are foolish”
(Colton).
As you can see from the examples, although English is a very beautiful and popular
language today, it is difficult to arrange the rhymes when writing poems and ghazals in
this language. A lot of poetic works of English poets reach people in a way that is not in
accordance with the norms of worldly works.
3. Irony (
Greek: eígopeía –
literally, to make a fool of oneself) in contemporary
linguistics, it comes in the meaning of sarcasm, irony, sarcasm.
1.
A woman’s tongue is sharp enough to pierce the toughest flesh [
W. Wilson
]
(Аёлнинг тили энг қаттиқ гўштни тешиш учун етарлича ўткир)
.
2.
Woman’s tongue is he weapon, her sword, which she never permits to rest or rust
[
Suzanne Curchod
]
(Аёлнинг тили у қурол, унинг қиличи, у ҳеч қачон дам олишга ёки
занглашга рухсат бермайди)
.
The given examples are a set of concepts that indicate the style of irony to the
respective interlocutor during the conversation. Such aphorisms are dialogic and are a
case of irony applied to some opinions of the second person.
4.
Parallelism (
юн. рагаllеlоs –
ёнма
-
ён турувчи ёки борувчи) –
due to the
similarity or contradiction between what is described, it allows vividening of emotion and
feelings of emotion
.
“That curry is heaven on the tongue but hell in the tummy.” plays on the oppositional
dichotomy of the concepts of heaven and hell.
[W. Wilson].
In the aphorism given above, it is said about the actions of heaven and hell that are
contradictory to each other, pointing out that language is the road that leads to heaven
and hell, and parallelism characterizes the stylistic device.
5.
Chiasmus
(Greek: chiasmus
–
from the letter X of the Greek alphabet, i.e. located
in the form of this letter)
–
syntactic parallelism in the reverse order, a stylistic figure
based on the repetition of words (fragments) in the verse in the reverse order.
Жамият
ва
инновациялар
–
Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Special Issue
–
05 (2025) / ISSN 2181-1415
538
1.
But as for prophecies, they will come to an end; as for tongues, they will cease; as
for knowledge, it will come to an end [Emiliano Zapata]
(Афсоналар келади кетади,
тилларга келсак у ўлади, шунингдек билим ҳам тугайди.)
2.
Gifts of prophecy, tongues and knowledge will cease/faith, hope and love will abide
[
Alfred North Whitehead
]
(Башорат, тил ва билим совғалари имон, севги ва умид
билан давом етади)
.
In the above aphorisms, the repetition of words in the reverse order of legend,
linguistics, and words constitutes a stylistic figure of chiasm. This stylistic device, or
chiasm, is a form of people's experiences, expressed in a lot of oral speech and decorates
communication.
6. Ellipsis
(Greek: elleírsís –
dropping, dropping) is one of the stylistic figures,
deliberately omitting a word (part) of a sentence in speech. Ellipsis is carried out with a
specific artistic and aesthetic goal in mind.
If there is a question about a quote, either don't use it or ask the speaker (language
specialist) to clarify."
(
Агар иқтибос ҳақида савол бўлса, уни ишлатманг ёки
маърузачи (тил эгаси
)
дан
аниқлик киритишини сўранг
) (D. Christian et al,
The
Associated Press Stylebook
. Perseus, 2009).
There are such aphorisms that always come to the mind of a person and when they
are conveyed to the listeners, they feel that some word is needed or missing, and even if
the word is added and changed, the meaning remains the same. in the aphorism given
above, if the word "speaker" is replaced by the word "language owner", it can be
understood in the same sense.
7. Rhetoric
(Greek: rhetorike
–
oratory) is the science of the art of speaking. The
subject of rhetoric is speech, and all related issues (choice of material, placement,
sentence construction, proof and disproof of an idea, choice of words, style, use of
stylistic figures, reading a speech and h.) learns
.
1.
My home tongues are the languages I speak with my sisters and brothers, with my
friends. [
G.B. Shaw
]
(тилим мени ака
-
ука, опа
-
сингил ва дўстларим билан мулоқот
қилувчи воситадир)
.
In the above aphorism, the word order is correctly set, organized, fluent and
expressive. As a result, rhetoric is embodied in this aphorism. In many aphorisms, we
find the expression of speech in a chaotic form. But it is precisely in rhetoric that the
sequence of words requires its superiority.
8.
Gradation:
(lat. gr
adatío –
to strengthen consistently) is a stylistic figure based on
consistently strengthening the content. One of the speech fragments "the meaning of the
second
(мазмунини) кучайтириб боришидан иборат услубий жараён
.
1. O, I could prophesy,
But that the earthy and cold hand of death
Lies on my tongue. No, Percy, thou art dust,
And food for
–
[J.A. Cuddon]
.
Келиб
-
кетди неча дунёлар
Келди хаёт йеғлади ўлим
Сен деб жафо чекди боболар
Улар кетди сен қолдинг тилим
Жамият
ва
инновациялар
–
Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Special Issue
–
05 (2025) / ISSN 2181-1415
539
2.
“I do
not
regret,
I do
not
call,
I do
not
cry”
(S.A. Esenin)
(Афсусланмайман,
ачинмайман, йеғламайман ҳам)
.
It can be seen from this quote that the words "world, death" strengthen the
meaning of the word "language" and create a gradation in the poem.
9.
Anaphora
(юн. апарhоra –
юқорига чиқарнш). The use of a style consisting of
the repetition of exactly one element at the beginning of parallel structured speech
fragments (eg, verses)
Long
tongue
of cat looks beautiful,
Like fire Lord cat's
tongue
powerful.
Looking red colored
tongue
of cat,
Life gets lesson that creation is best [Brundaban panda].
In this aphorism, an anaphoric stylistic device appears in the repeated repetition of
the English word "tongue" and the comparison of the semantics of "tongue" to the language
of various creatures.
Our scientific research has shown that among the above stylistic tools, antithesis and
simile are the leading tools for aphorisms. The use of such aphorisms in many materials
seems natural to us and has become a habit.
Aphorisms perform a certain aesthetic function in the epic narrative, the author,
characters' speech or other parts of the plot, sometimes as they are, sometimes partially
changed or created completely anew. Universal aphorisms are irrefutable summative
expressions and consist of one or two parts such as "Tongue is the mirror of the nation",
"Tongue is the pride of the nation". In the individual aphorism, they are found expanded.
For example, "A poet is, before anything else, a person who is passionately in love with
language" (The tongue may hide the truth but the eyes
–
never) can hide the truth, but the
eyes-never can). "The best time for you to hold your tongue is the time you feel you must say
something or bust" we see the following four-part version of the aphorism: Language
–
enjoyment "Language
–
nation, language
–
pride, language
–
disaster."
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
Taking into account the above, we have selected examples of aphorisms expressing
the concept of "tongue" in English. After seeing some of them, we divided into the above
groups. Language is a feeling of perversion: in aphorisms involving the word "tongue"-
"tongue" in English, it is given to a human child and appears as a measure of a person's
ability to enjoy life. The following aphorisms express such meanings as the enjoyment of
language and act as a bridge to understand the events that make it happy in the process
of communication.
And this, our life, exempt from public haunt, finds tongues in trees, books in the
running brooks, sermons in stones, and good in everything (William Shakespeare);
1.
“In the English language there are orphans and widows, but there is no word for
the parents who lose a child.”
(
Jodi Picoult
);
2.
A bitter man needs to place his troubles on the front of his tongue so that they (Jay
Wickre, Dubious Musings of a Peculiar Man);
3.
Like a child who saves their favourite food on the plate for last, I try to save all
thoughts of you for the end of the day so I can dream with the taste of you on my tongue.”
(Kamand Kojouri);
Жамият
ва
инновациялар
–
Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Special Issue
–
05 (2025) / ISSN 2181-1415
540
4. The language we use creates the reality we experience. (Michael Hyatt);
5. Just remember, when someone has an accent, it means that he knows one more
language than you do.” (
Sidney Sheldon, Windmills of the Gods);
6. We feel free because we lack the very language to
articulate our unfreedom.”
(
Slavoj Žižek
);
Language is a nation: language is the heart, pride, symbol of independence, future of
every nation. No nation can be a complete nation without language. Without him, the
Motherland has no will. In the aphorisms about the concept of "tongue" in the English
language that we are studying, it is a means of communication that contributes to the
world recognition of the nation. As proof of our word, we analyzed the following aphorisms.
1.
There are many things which cannot be expressed by words. There are many words
which cannot be spelled by human tongue. There are many tongues which utter one single
truth (Toba Beta, My Ancestor Was an Ancient Astronaut)
;
2.
Language is my nation, my village, my wife, my pen-friend, my check-out girl.
Language is a complimentary moist lemon-scented cleansing square or handy freshen-up
wippette.(Stephen Fry);
3.
The limits of my language means the limits of my world (Ludwig Wittgenstein);
4.
silence is the language of god, all else is poor translation (Rumi);
5.
Political language... is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder
respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind (George Orwell).
Language is pride: language is a person's pride, a mirror of the soul. It is not only the
heart and pride of a person, but also the language is the clothing of a person. How to wear
this dress is up to each individual. Language is the translator of the soul. Because in the
process of communication, each word is the first to be clicked on the strings of the heart.
Then it is polished in sentences and conveyed to the listener. We also analyzed the
aphorisms that express the semantics of the language in English, and those that mean pride,
pride, and heart.
1.
“Nothing complements a fast
mind better than a slow tongue. And nothing
aggravates a slow mind better than a fast tongue. (Mokokoma Mokhonoana);
2. I go silent so I can write. When my tongue is wagging my fingers are silent (Sonia
Rumzi, Simple Conversation);
3. A woman's weapon is her tongue (Anthony Trollope, The Way We Live Now)
4. Her beauty was enough to get her into most any situation she desired and her
tongue
–
sharp and venomous
–
was enough to get her out again (Thomm Quackenbush,
Danse Macabre (Night's Dream, #2));
5. If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk
to him in his language, that goes to his heart.” (
Nelson Mandela);
6.
“But if thought corrupts language, language can also corrupt thought.” (
George
Orwell, 1984);
7.
“For last year's words belong to last year's language And next year's words await
another voice.” (
T.S. Eliot, Four Quartets)
Language is a disaster: a disaster is talking about trivial things. We studied and
analyzed all the disasters in the language: the appearance of enmity and mutual enmity
between people, gossip, backbiting, lies, arguments, making fun of each other, discrediting
each other by revealing secrets, and expressing them.
1. Thieves and liars kill indirectly, unintentionally, and with no other weapon than
their tongues and malice. (A.E.H. Veenman);
Жамият
ва
инновациялар
–
Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Special Issue
–
05 (2025) / ISSN 2181-1415
541
2. Remember that it is quicker to destroy than build, so be careful of what you do
even with your own tongue.” (
Gift Gugu Mona)
3. The tongue is the soft weapon that kills subtly (Jaime Tenorio Valenzuela)
4. Ignorance is no reason with a fool for holding his tongue (George MacDonald, Mary
5. Words can be medicines; they can also be poisons. Words can heal; they can also
kill... It all depends on how, when and where they are use and against whom! Let us not
abuse our words. It's a misuse of the tongue (Israelmore Ayivor, The Great Hand Book of
Quotes);
6. I see a tongue! Some asshole is licking my peephole (Mark Tufo, Zombie Fallout);
7.
“It's not all bad. Heightened self
-consciousness, apartness, an inability to join in,
physical shame and self-loathing
–
they are not all bad. Those devils have been my angels.
Without them I would never have disappeared into language, literature, the mind, laughter
and all the mad intensities that made and unmade me.” (
Stephen . Fry, Moab Is My
Washpot);
8. We have a natural right to make use of our pens as of our tongue, at our peril, risk
and hazard (Voltaire)
Literary aphorisms as an element of literary language, the role of aphoristic
expressions in the artistic language of stories is studied. Aphorisms aimed at artistic
reflection of a wise, instructive thought in a concise form are a means of creating imagery in
the work, expressing the thought clearly and effectively, giving depth to the content and
advancing the mind.
When elucidating the nature of language phenomena, including the development of
any literary language, the formation of metalanguage norms, interaction with other
languages, and other issues, it is necessary to work and draw conclusions based on the laws
of language development. Otherwise, it will not be possible to come to correct and accurate
conclusions.
CONCLUSION
Thus, in English language aphorisms, the concept of "tongue" appears as a standard
by which nationality, communication, and the possibility of enjoying life are evaluated.
Completing the subject layer of the "Tongue" concept, the authors of the aphorism call to
use the language in the right ways, to live in life and do good deeds. It is important to use
language correctly
–
to direct it to the welfare of society and not to allow ignorance to
dominate.
All these aphorisms mainly lead to the positive aspects of the language, to the rules of
etiquette, and serve to illuminate its spiritual side.
REFERENCES
1.
Shoxidaxon, K. (2024). The Concept of" Language/Tongue" In the English, Uzbek
and Russian Languages. Miasto Przyszłości, 48, 377
-
379.Азим Ҳожиев. “Тилшунослик
терминларининг изоҳли луғати”
Тошкент. «узбекистон миллии энциклопедияси»
2022. б.14
2.
Курбанова,Ш.(2024).Лингвикогнозитивные, лингвокультурологические и
социопрагматические аспекты единиц номинативного когнитивного пространства
концепта «язык». Зарубежная лингвистика и лингводидактика, 2(2/S),
9-
13.Д.Қуронов, З.Мамажонов, М.Шералиева. Адабиётшунослик луғати Тошкент.
«Академикнашр» 2010. Б.350
Жамият
ва
инновациялар
–
Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Special Issue
–
05 (2025) / ISSN 2181-1415
542
3.
Стернин
И.А.
Языки
национальное
сознание
//
Логос.2005.–Вып.4.–С.156–
171.
4.
Стернин И.А. Методика исследования структуры концепта
//
Методологические проблемы когнитивной лингвистики.
–
Воронеж:
ВГУ,
2001.
–
С.58–
65.
5.
Тарасова И.А. Идиостиль Георгия Иванова: когнитивный аспект. –Саратов,
2003.
–160 с.
6.
Тарасов Е.Ф. Тенденции развития психолингвистики. –
М.: Наука, 1987. –
280 с.
7.
Телия В.Н. Типы языковых значений. Связанное значение слова в языке.–
М.:
Наука,1981.–269с.
