Жамият
ва
инновациялар
–
Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/socinov/index
Possibilities of didactics in career-oriented teaching of
English to students of medical specialties
Shakhnoza KHAMDAMOVA
Fergana Public Health Medical Institute
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received March 2024
Received in revised form
15 April 2024
Accepted 25 April 2023
Available online
25 May 2024
This article examines teaching English to medical students
from the perspective of communicative and competency-based
approaches. Specific features of medical English and
grammatical phenomena aimed at mastering professional
terminology are briefly described.
2181-
1415/©
2023 in Science LLC.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol5-iss4/S-pp286-290
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
medical term,
language,
grammar minimum,
learning,
student,
English for special purposes,
medicine.
Tibbiyot mutaxassisliklari talabalariga ingliz tilini kasbga
y
o‘
naltirilgan
o‘
qitishda didaktikaning imkoniyatlari
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
tibbiy atama,
til,
grammatik minimum,
o‘
rganish,
talaba,
maxsus maqsadlar uchun
ingliz tili,
tibbiyot.
Ushbu maqolada tibbiyot mutaxassisliklari talabalariga
kommunikativ va kompetentsiyaga asoslangan yondashuvlar
nuqtai nazaridan ingliz tilini
o‘
rgatish k
o‘
rib chiqiladi. Tibbiy
ingliz tilining
o‘
ziga xos xususiyatlari va kasbiy terminologiyani
o‘
zlashtirishga qaratilgan grammatik hodisalar haqida qisqacha
ma
’
lumot berilgan.
1
Teacher, Fergana Public Health Medical Institute.
Жамият
ва
инновациялар
–
Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Special Issue
–
04 (2024) / ISSN 2181-1415
287
Возможности дидактики в профориентационном
обучении английскому языку студентов медицинских
специальностей
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
медицинский термин,
язык,
грамматический минимум,
обучение,
студент,
английский для
специальных целей,
медицина.
В данной статье рассматривается преподавание
английского языка студентам
-
медикам с точки зрения
коммуникативного и компетентностного подходов. Кратко
описаны особенности медицинского английского языка и
грамматические явления, направленные на овладение
профессиональной терминологией.
Hozirgi vaqtda tibbiyot y
o‘
nalishidagi Oliy ta
’
lim doimiy ravishda isloh qilinmoqda
va yangi bozor sharoitlariga moslashmoqda. Akademik harakatchanlikni oshirish oliy
ta
’
lim muassasasida chet tilini
o‘
qitish jarayonida hal qilinishi kerak b
o‘
lgan yangi
maqsad va vazifalarni belgilaydi. Mutaxassisni tayyorlash jarayonida asosiy rolni uning
shaxsiy rivojlanishiga, uning kasbiy madaniyatini shakllantirishga y
o‘
naltirish egallaydi,
bu esa professional muhitga moslashish jarayonini sezilarli darajada osonlashtiradi.
Mavzuni
o‘
qitish tizimining samaradorligi uning ob
’
ektiv qonuniyatlarni qanchalik izchil
hisobga olishi bilan t
o‘
liq belgilanadi, unga k
o‘
ra chet tili
o‘
quv sharoitida
o‘
zlashtiriladi.
Oliy ta
’
lim davlat ta
’
lim standarti talablarini muvaffaqiyatli amalga oshirish uchun chet
tilini
o‘
rganishga kasbga y
o‘
naltirilgan yondashuv zarur.
Bu quyidagi sabablarga bo
g‘
liq:
–
o‘
quv jarayoni sun
’
iy til muhitida sodir b
o‘
ladi;
–
chet tili ikkinchi darajali fan sifatida qaraladi
Bunday vaziyatda muvaffaqiyatli
o‘
qitishning asosiy omili motivatsiyadir, ya
’
ni,
talabalarning chet tiliga
o‘
quv intizomi sifatida ijobiy munosabati va ushbu sohadagi
bilimlarni
o‘
zlashtirishga ongli ehtiyoj. Bu chet tilini
o‘
qitish nuqtai nazaridan sezilarli
qiyinchiliklarni keltirib chiqaradi, chunki
o‘
qituvchi nafaqat tilni, ya
’
ni sof lingvistik
bilimlarni bilishi, balki turli xil maxsus fanlarni boshqarishi, xususiyatlarini tushunishi
kerak. Demak, fanlararo aloqalarning ahamiyati, maxsus fanlardan ajratilgan holda chet
tilini
o‘
qitishning mumkin emasligi. Shuning uchun chet tilini
o‘
qitishning ikkita asosiy
bosqichini hisobga olish kerak
–
umumiy ta
’
lim va kasbiy y
o‘
naltirilgan. Ushbu bosqichlar
bir-biri bilan bo
g‘
liq. Talabalar nafaqat leksik va grammatik materiallarning til bazasini
takomillashtiribgina qolmay, balki chet tilini
o‘
rganishning kommunikativ, lingvistik va
mintaqaviy, kasbiy y
o‘
naltirilgan yondashuvlarining chet tilini
o‘
rganishning kasbiy
y
o‘
nalishi t
o‘g‘
risida ham tasavvurga ega b
o‘
ladilar, bu fan b
o‘
yicha
o‘
quv
mash
g‘
ulotlarini tuzishda hisobga olinadi.
O‘
quv uslubiy majmua faoliyatining asosiy
sharti uning dasturi va quyidagi asosiy tarkibiy qismlardan iborat didaktik material bilan
ta
’
minlanishi: tegishli haqiqiy matnlar t
o‘
plami va ularga topshiriqlar, shu jumladan nutq
faoliyatining barcha turlari b
o‘
yicha ishlash-
o‘
qish, gapirish, tinglash, yozishdir.
Taqvim-tematik reja b
o‘
yicha darslarning har bir mavzusi leksik mavzu va
grammatikani
o‘
z ichiga oladi. Maxsus s
o‘
z boyligini bilish talabalar uchun mutaxassislik
b
o‘
yicha matnlarni
o‘
qish va o
g‘
zaki nutqni takomillashtirish,
o‘
rganilgan matnlar asosida
Жамият
ва
инновациялар
–
Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Special Issue
–
04 (2024) / ISSN 2181-1415
288
ham, professional muloqot uchun ham zarurdir. Tibbiy terminologiyani bilish nafaqat
maxsus tibbiy matnni tarjima qilishga yordam beradi, balki mutaxassisning kasbiy
mahoratining ajralmas qismidir. Bu chet tilidagi lu
g‘
at va tibbiy atamalar bilan ishlash
k
o‘
nikmalarini egallash va takomillashtirishga yordam beradigan matnlar bilan ishlash.
Bunday ishning maqsadi nafaqat ilmiy matnlarni
o‘
qishni
o‘
rgatish, balki kelajakdagi
mutaxassislarga terminologiyani
o‘
zlashtirishga yordam berish, nutq uslubiga mos
keladigan grammatik va stilistik me
’
yorlarga rioya qilgan holda ushbu turdagi matnlarni
malakali va etarli darajada taqdim etishni
o‘
rgatishdir. Leksik va grammatik materiallar
talabalar tomonidan yagona kommunikativ butun sifatida qabul qilinishi uchun ular
izchillik, yaxlitlik va ma
’
lumotga ega b
o‘
lishi kerak. Matn mazmunining
o‘
zi talabani
gapirishga majbur qiladi, bu nutq k
o‘
nikmalarini takomillashtirish bosqichida
muvaffaqiyatli ishlashning asosiy shartlaridan biridir.
O‘
zlashtirish uchun zarur b
o‘
lgan
grammatik minimum, agar u tibbiy terminologiyaning leksik birliklari bilan bo
g‘
liq b
o‘
lsa
va maktab akademik bilimlaridan farq qilsa, osonroq va muvaffaqiyatli qabul qilinadi.
Ingliz tilining grammatik davrlarini
o‘
zlashtirish, masalan, Simple (Past, Present) guruhi
davrlari, maktab
o‘
quv dasturining Simple (Past, Present) guruhidan tibbiy y
o‘
nalishi va
foydalanish holatlari bilan farq qilishi kerak.
Simple (Past, Present) guruhining zamonlari quyidagi hollarda ishlatiladi
–
tana
tizimlarining jarayonlari, mexanizmlari, funktsiyalarini tavsiflashda.
1. Practically all absorption takes place in small intestine;
2. The fall of the phoenix and the superior part of the esophagus, and the tongue
and the soft palate all contain striated muscle tissue),
3. The skull prevents the brain from being injured.
4. The lungs take part both in the production of physiologically active substances
and in regulation of blood coagulation, in the metabolism of proteins, fats and
carbohydrates. The bones of the trunk include ..., the ribs and ...
5. Cardiovascular system, comprising both the heart and the blood vessels
circulates blood throughout the div.
6. Skeletal muscle consist of muscle fibres of different length, the fibres being
usually parallel to each other
–
bemorning hozirgi shikoyatlari va holati t
o‘g‘
risida ma
’
lumot t
o‘
plash va
aniqlashtirish
1. Where do you get the pain?
2. Does the pain spread anywhere else?
3. Does it wake you up at night?),
–
bemorning tibbiy tarixni r
o‘
yxatdan
o‘
tkazish
1. When did the pain start?
2. When did the attack first come on?).
Present Perfect quyidagi hollarda ishlatiladi:
–
o
g‘
riqli holatning boshlanishini tasvirlash uchun
1. Have you ever had coughing attacks like this before?
2. Has anyone in your family ever had an illness like this as far as you are aware?);
3. After the acute state has passed, the patient can gradually resume normal
activities.
Majhul nisbat quyidagi hollarda ishlatiladi:
–
bemorni davolash usullarini, tananing anatomik tuzilishini tavsiflash uchun
Жамият
ва
инновациялар
–
Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Special Issue
–
04 (2024) / ISSN 2181-1415
289
1. The needle is inserted;
2. The patient is sedated to induce drowsiness);
3. The bones of the div are divided into the bones of the head, the bones of the ...,
the bones of the lower and ... limbs.
4. What internal organs are placed in the chest?
5. She was treated with penicillin.
6. He was administered a medicine for a cough
Modal fe
’
llar quyidagi hollarda ishlatiladi:
–
ovqatlanish rejimiga, kun tartibiga, dori-darmonlarni qabul qilishga, tibbiyot
xodimlarining vazifalariga rioya qilgan holda shifokor tavsiyalariga amal qilish b
o‘
yicha
tavsiyalar
1. You mustn
’
t eat so much spicy food.
2. Pain may be relieved by vomiting.
3. I have to take the medicine three times a day
4. Nurses have to wear a uniform.
5. Viral hepatitis can be fatal.
6. The liver can remove excess glucose from the blood stream.
7. This enzyme deficiency can also cause jaundice in adults.
8. He must stay in bed for his condition is not absolutely well.
Sifatlarning qiyosiy darajasi quyidagi hollarda ishlatiladi:
–
bemorning ahvolini, yomon odatlarning oqibatlarini taqqoslash
1. The deeper the inflammation, the more serious are its consequences.
2. The more you smoke, the more dangerous it becomes.
3. The longer you smoke, the more difficult it is to give up the habit.
4. The more you smoke, the more damaged the protective mechanism of the lungs
becomes.
Future Simple quyidagi hollarda ishlatiladi:
–
bemorning ahvoli prognozlari, davolash
1. Will this patient with urinary system disorder recover soon?
2. Will Professor N. confirm the diagnosis made by the district doctor?
3. Will such signs as blood in the urine, accumulation of fluid in div tissues, and
lower abdominal and back pain indicate abnormal functioning or diseases of the urinary
system?
4. Will disorders and diseases affecting the kidney and associated structures result
in renal failure or a loss of function?
Xulosa qilib aytganda tibbiyot mutaxassisliklari talabalari uchun kasbga
y
o‘
naltirilgan nuqtai nazardan ishlab chiqilgan
o‘
quv-uslubiy majmua talabalarda leksik
va grammatik asoslarni, maxsus matn bilan ishlash k
o‘
nikmalarini shakllantirishga imkon
beradi; ular anatomiya, fiziologiya va patologik jarayonlar, ularni tashxislash va davolash
usullari t
o‘g‘
risida leksik va grammatik materiallarni birgalikda
o‘
rganish asosida bilim
beradi. Shuning uchun kasbga y
o‘
naltirilgan ta
’
lim deganda talabalarning chet tilini
o‘
rganishga b
o‘
lgan ehtiyojlarini hisobga olgan holda,
o‘
rta tibbiyot xodimining
kelajakdagi kasbining
o‘
ziga xos xususiyatlari bilan belgilanadigan ta
’
lim tushunilishi
kerak.
Жамият
ва
инновациялар
–
Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Special Issue
–
04 (2024) / ISSN 2181-1415
290
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO‘YXATI:
1.
Ingliz-
rus tibbiyot lug‘ati / G. N. Akjigitov [va boshqalar]. M.: Rus. yaz., 1988. 608 s.
2.
Katta inglizcha-
ruscha lug‘at: 2 jildda / redkol
.: I. R. Galperin (bosh muharrir)
[va boshqalar]. 4-
nashr., ISPR., qo‘shimcha bilan. M.: Rus. yaz., 1987.
3.
Gebelein, C.G. Chemistry and our world / C.G. Gebelein.
–
Wm. C. Brown
Publishers, 1997.
–
609 p.
4.
Schlaadt, R.G. Tobacco and health (wellness) / R.G. Schlaadt.
–
The Dushkin
Publishing Group, Inc., 1992.
–
145 p.
5.
Markovina, I. yu. ingliz tili / I. Yu. Markovina, Z. K. Maksimova, M. B. Vaynshteyn;
umumiy tahrir. 4-nashr.; ISPR. M.: Geotar-Media, 2010 yil.
–
368 s.
6.
Vaynshteyn, M. B. shifokorlar uchun ingliz Tili kursi / M. B. Vaynshteyn, Z. K.
Maksimova, N. V. SHlyaxtina, A. M. Emanuel; tahrir.
–
M.: Yuqori.ShK., 1992.
–
288 s.
7.
The World Book/ Rush-Presbyterian-
St. Luke’s Medical Center Medical
Encyclopedia/ Rush Medical College, Rush-Presbyterian-
St. Luke’s Medical Center. –
Chicago: World Book, Inc., 1995.
–
1072
р
.
8.
The World Book Encyclopedia: in 22 v.
–
U. S.: World Book, Inc., 1994.
–
2 v., 5 v.,
6 v., 9 v., 13 v.
9.
The World Book Dictionary: in 2 v./ edited by Robert K. Barnhart.
–
U. S.: World
Book, Inc., 1996.
–
3586 p.
10.
Kobrina, N. A. Ingliz tili grammatikasi. Morfologiya. Sintaksis / N. A. Kobrin, E.
A. Korneyeva, M. I. Ossovskaya, K. A. Guzeeva. Sankt-Peterburg: Ittifoq, 2006.
–
496 s.
11.
Atlas, Ronald M. Principles of microbiology/ Ronald M. Atlas.
–
St. Louis,
Missouri: Mosby-Year Book, Inc., 1994.
–
888 p.
12.
Chemistry in context. Applying Chemistry to Society / A. Truman Schwartz [et
al.].
–
United States of America: Wm. C. Brown Communications, Inc., 1994.
–
411 p.
13.
Jadval va mashqlardagi modal fe’llar / N. I. Yatsevich. Minsk: yoshlar ilmiy
jamiyati, 2001. 56 s.
14.
Maslova, A. M. tibbiyot universitetlari uchun ingliz Tili darsligi / A. M. Maslova.
Minsk: Oliy maktab, 1983. 351 s.
15.
Kachalova, K. N. mashqlar va kalitlar bilan ingliz tilining amaliy grammatikasi/
K. N. Kachalova, E. E. Isroilovich. M.: Ladkom, 2010 Yil. 717 s.
