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International migration under the terms of humanitarian
intervention: data assessment and analysis
Sevara KHAMDAMOVA
University of World Economy and Diplomacy
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received April 2024
Received in revised form
15 May 2024
Accepted 25 May 2024
Available online
15 June 2024
This study investigates significant humanitarian and military
interventions and their impact on the number of externally
displaced individuals from 1915 to the present day. Using a
quantitative approach, data on displacement rates and
geographical territories with the highest frequency of
interventions were collected and analyzed. The research
employs a comprehensive dataset, which includes the creation
of tables, bar charts, and maps to visualize the rate of
displacement over time and identify the regions most affected
by these interventions. The findings highlight trends and
patterns in external displacement, providing a detailed
assessment of the global landscape of forced migration.
2181-
1415/©
2024 in Science LLC.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol5-iss5/S-pp67-72
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
humanitarian interventions,
forced migration,
displacement,
conflict,
geopolitical interests,
regional dynamics,
Cold War.
Gumanitar intervensiya shartlari b
o‘
yicha xalqaro
migratsiya: ma
’
lumotlarni baholash va tahlillar
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
gumanitar aralashuvlar,
majburiy migratsiya,
k
o‘
chish,
mojaro,
geosiyosiy manfaatlar,
mintaqaviy dinamika,
sovuq urush.
Mazkur tadqiqot ishida muhim gumanitar va harbiy
aralashuvlarni 1915-
yildan bugungi kungacha ko‘chish ta’siri
o‘rganilgan. Miqdoriy ko‘rsatkichlar yordamida, ko‘chish
ko‘rsatkichlari va aralashuvlarning eng yuqori chastotali geografik
hududlar to‘g‘risidagi ma’lumotlar to‘plangan va tahlil qilingan.
Tadqiqotda ushbu aralashuvlardan eng ko‘p ta’sirlangan
hududlarni aniqlash uchun jadvallar, shtrixli diagrammalar va
xaritalarni yaratishni o‘z ichiga olgan keng qamrovli ma’lumotlar
to‘plamidan foydalanilgan. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatadiki,
tashqi
ko‘chish tendentsiyalari majburiy migratsiyaning global
landshaftini batafsil baholash zaruratini ko‘rsatadi.
1
Master’s Student, University of World Economy and Diplomacy
. E-mail: Sevaraxamdamova@gmail.com
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Special Issue
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68
Международная миграция в условиях гуманитарной
интервенции: оценка и анализ данных
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
гуманитарные
интервенции,
вынужденная миграция,
перемещение,
конфликт,
геополитические
интересы,
региональная динамика,
холодная война.
В этом исследовании изучаются значительные
гуманитарные и военные интервенции и их влияние на
количество вынужденных переселенцев с 1915 года по
сегодняшний день. Используя количественный подход,
были собраны и проанализированы данные о темпах
перемещения и географических территориях с наибольшей
частотой вмешательства. В исследовании используется
комплексный набор данных, который включает в себя
создание таблиц, гистограмм и карт для визуализации
темпов перемещения с течением времени и определения
регионов, наиболее пострадавших от этих мер. Результаты
подчеркивают тенденции и закономерности внешнего
перемещения, обеспечивая детальную оценку глобальной
ситуации вынужденной миграции.
The present study examines the impact of significant humanitarian and military
interventions on the number of individuals who have been forcibly displaced from their
homes from 1915 to the present day.
The number of externally displaced individuals as a result of Humanitarian and Military
Interventions from 1915 to the present day.
Name of Instance
Number of displaced people
Year(s)
1.
"United States Occupation of Haiti”
1,500,000
1915-1934
2.
"The Korean War."
Military conflict involving North Korea,
South Korea, and various international
forces.
940,000
1950-1953
3.
“Soviet invasion of Hungary"
200,000
1956
4.
Conflict in Congo-
Kinshasa/Zaire/Democratic Republic of
the Congo
6,350,000
1960-present
5.
"The Second Indochina War"
Conflict in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia.
3,000,000
1975-1995
6.
U.S. Intervention in Panama
20,000
1989
7.
The Gulf War
5,000,000
1990-1991
8.
The Bosnian War
2,200,000
1992-1995
9.
“
Operation Restore Hope."
United States-led intervention in Somalia
10, 000,000
1992-1995
10.
"Operation Turquoise."
French-led military operation in Rwanda
1,500,000
1994
11.
“Law And Military Operations in
Balkans”
1,000,000
1995-1998
12.
NATO intervention in Kosovo
850,000
1999
13.
"Operation Palliser."
The British military intervention in the
Sierra Leone Civil War
2,600,000
2000
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14.
"Operation Unified Protector."
NATO-led military intervention in the
Libyan Civil War
660,000
2011
15.
American-led intervention in Iraq
550,000
2014
–
2021
Figure 1
. Statistical analysis with numerical results.
Humanitarian and military interventions have historically exerted a profound
impact on the lives of millions, often resulting in widespread displacement (Figure 1).
These interventions, while aimed at resolving conflicts or providing aid, frequently lead
to the forced migration of individuals from their homes, creating complex humanitarian
crises. The displacement of populations is a recurring consequence, with significant and
far-reaching effects on the social, economic, and cultural fabric of affected communities.
Figure 2.
Data Variability Analysis in Numbers
As illustrated in the bar chart (Figure 2), an analysis of the magnitude of
displacement reveals a consistent decline in the number of displaced individuals over
time. Nevertheless, certain interventions have been identified as having a significant
impact on displacement. For instance, the "Operation Restore Hope" intervention in
Somalia from 1992 to 1995 led to the displacement of 10 million individuals, making it
one of the most significant displacement crises in recent history. Furthermore, the
protracted conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which has persisted since
1960, has resulted in the displacement of 6.35 million individuals, thereby underscoring
the enduring nature of the crisis.
In contrast, the intervention known as "Operation Palliser" in Sierra Leone in 2000
did not result in significant displacement. Instead, the intervention focused on restoring
stability and protecting civilians amidst the ongoing civil war, demonstrating a successful
approach to addressing a dire humanitarian situation without exacerbating
displacement.
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Moreover, successful interventions, such as "Operation Palliser" in Sierra Leone
and the NATO intervention in Kosovo in 1999, achieved their objectives of restoring
stability and protecting civilians. These interventions involved multilateral cooperation
and clear objectives, which contributed to their success. Nevertheless, the American-led
intervention in Iraq from 2014 to 2021 achieved a degree of success, although not
without its shortcomings. While the intervention succeeded in dismantling ISIS’
territorial control, challenges persisted, including the ongoing ISIL insurgency and the
complexities of repatriating surrendered militants.
In terms of geography, interventions in the Balkans, such as those in Kosovo and
Sierra Leone, were primarily driven by regional conflicts and aimed at addressing
humanitarian crises. In contrast, interventions in the Middle East, such as those in Iraq
and Libya, were responses to the rise of extremist groups and conflicts with authoritarian
regimes, resulting in significant displacement and geopolitical ramifications.
In general, successful interventions have been characterised by multilateral
cooperation, clear objectives, and concerted efforts to address root causes and restore
stability. Nevertheless, significant challenges remain, particularly in addressing long-
standing conflicts and ensuring sustainable peace and security in conflict-affected
regions.
Figure 3.
Here is a map illustrating the geographical regions where humanitarian
and military interventions have occurred.
1. North America:
2. Asia:
3. Europe:
–
United States Occupation of
Haiti
–
The Korean War
–
Soviet invasion of Hungary
–
U.S. Intervention in Panama
5. Southeast Asia:
–
The Bosnian War
4. Middle East:
–
"The Second Indochina War"
–
NATO intervention in Kosovo
–
The Gulf War (Iraq)
(Conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and
Cambodia)
6. Balkans:
–
"Operation Unified
Protector"(NATO-led
–
"Law and Military Operations in
Balkans"
military intervention in the Libyan
Civil War)
(Chroatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovinia, Albania.)
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7. Africa:
–
Conflict in Congo-Kinshasa/Zaire/Democratic Republic of the Congo
–
French-led military operation in Rwanda
–
"Operation Restore Hope" (United States-led intervention in Somalia)
–
"Operation Palliser"(British military intervention in the Sierra Leone Civil War)
The map illustrating the geographical regions of humanitarian and military
interventions provides a clear visual representation of the global distribution of these
events (Figure 3). Africa emerges as a significant region, with four notable cases, driven
by internal conflicts and post-colonial state fragility. Asia also exhibits a considerable
number of interventions, particularly large-scale wars that were influenced by Cold War
dynamics. Europe, particularly the Balkans, has been the site of numerous significant
interventions related to post-Cold War ethnic conflicts and transitions. The Middle East is
a region that features prominently in this context, with interventions often linked to
geopolitical interests and regional conflicts. North America and Southeast Asia are also
noteworthy regions, though with fewer cases than those observed in Africa and Europe.
This reflects the broader foreign policy strategies of the United States. In conclusion,
Africa and Asia exhibit the highest concentration of interventions, largely due to internal
conflicts, Cold War influences, and fragile post-
colonial states. Europe’s extensive
involvement in foreign affairs is largely attributable to ethnic conflicts and the post-
Soviet transitions that have occurred in the region. In contrast, the Middle East’s
interventions are frequently driven by geopolitical interests. The distribution of these
interventions demonstrates the multifaceted and intricate motivations underlying
international involvement in regional conflicts and humanitarian crises.
In conclusion, the analysis of humanitarian and military interventions reveals the
profound and multifaceted impacts these actions have on displaced populations and the
broader socio-economic landscapes of affected regions. While some interventions, such
as "Operation Palliser" in Sierra Leone and NATO‘s efforts in Kosovo, demonstrate the
potential for multilateral cooperation and clear strategic goals to mitigate displacement
and restore stability, others, such as the prolonged conflict in the Democratic Republic of
the Congo and the American-led intervention in Iraq, highlight the complexities and
enduring challenges of such efforts. The geographical distribution of interventions also
reveals patterns that are tied to regional dynamics, post-colonial legacies, and
geopolitical interests. In particular, Africa and Asia have been the most affected by
internal conflicts and Cold War legacies, while Europe and the Middle East have been the
focus of interventions driven by ethnic conflicts and geopolitical strategies. Ultimately,
the efficacy of interventions is contingent upon the identification and resolution of the
underlying causes of conflict, the establishment of sustainable peace, and the
implementation of comprehensive strategies that prioritize the well-being and stability of
displaced populations. The study offers a vital insight into the necessity for meticulous
and collaborative international strategies in the resolution of conflicts and the delivery of
humanitarian assistance.
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