THE USA JOURNALS
THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (ISSN
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2689-1018)
VOLUME 06 ISSUE09
11
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PUBLISHED DATE: - 10-09-2024
DOI: -
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/Volume06Issue09-03
PAGE NO.: - 11-14
INSECTICIDE MEDOUZ, MD IN THE FIGHT
AGAINST APPLE CODLING MOTH AND
APHIDS ON APPLE TREES
D.A.Obidjanov
Research Institute of Plant Quarantine and Protection, Uzbekistan
B.U.Matniyozov
Research Institute of Plant Quarantine and Protection, Uzbekistan
INTRODUCTION
To ensure food safety worldwide, research is being
conducted on advanced technologies for the
cultivation of agricultural products and their
protection from harmful organisms. However, a
portion of the produce grown in orchards is lost
due to the impact of these harmful organisms.
Therefore, the distribution, damage, and bio-
ecological characteristics of apple pests, as well as
the effectiveness of entomophages in controlling
their population, and on this basis, the
improvement of an integrated pest control system
for apples, have significant scientific and practical
importance.
Agriculture is a key sector in the economy of the
Republic of Uzbekistan. Modern agricultural
production technologies, based on the widespread
use of pesticides and mineral fertilizers, have
largely solved the problem of food security but
have also created multiple ecological, medical, and
environmental issues, including concerns about
environmentally friendly and biologically sound
food, land rehabilitation, and restoration of soil
fertility. Consequently, the introduction of new
classes of pesticides with different mechanisms of
action, high selectivity, and low toxicity to warm-
blooded organisms has become increasingly
relevant.
Globally, the development and application of new,
non-toxic plant protection products for humans
and animals have become a priority. Research
focused on the creation of plant protection agents
based on microorganisms and their metabolites, as
well as the search for plant-derived substances
with potential pesticidal activity, is of particular
importance.
However,
research
on
the
development of pesticides based on chemical
compounds that offer high effectiveness, selectivity
for target applications, and rapid environmental
breakdown continues.
Ensuring national food security, producing
environmentally friendly products, significantly
increasing export potential in the agro-industrial
complex, expanding new intensive orchards,
creating and introducing new pest-resistant crop
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Abstract
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varieties that are suitable for local soil and climatic
conditions are among the pressing tasks of the
modern era. Significant resources have been
allocated to achieve these goals, with support
provided to fruit farmers, resulting in substantial
outcomes. Uzbek horticultural products are in
demand on the global market, with food and fruit-
vegetable exports reaching around $5 billion. Over
the past three years, the volume of exported
agricultural products has more than tripled. Our
country exports more than 180 types of premium
fruits and vegetables, as well as processed
products, to 80 countries worldwide. Uzbekistan
ranks among the top ten countries globally in terms
of export volumes for apricots, plums, grapes, nuts,
cabbage, and numerous other fruits and vegetables
[14].
In the 21st century, the FAO experts recognize the
integrated plant protection concept as the leading
approach to addressing food security issues [14,
15].
To preserve the ecological sustainability potential
of plants, including their resistance to pathogens,
the use of pesticides should be minimized.
Organophosphorus insectoacaricides, which can
block the function of key oxidative-reductive
enzymes responsible for ecological stability,
including resistance to pathogens, are particularly
hazardous for plants [11, 12].
The requirements for pesticide registration are
becoming increasingly stringent. For example, in
the USA, over 1,200 active pesticide substances are
registered, with 20,000 products on the market
annually, amounting to $12 billion. Since 1988,
under the auspices of the Environmental
Protection Agency, the re-registration of pesticides
has been systematically conducted according to
new requirements, improving the quality of the
pesticide assortment. In the European Union, out of
967 pesticides listed, a decision was made to
support 463. A total of 429 products are not subject
to re-registration, with 48 added to the list and 27
removed [3, 13].
M.T. Petrukhina conducted an experiment using
entobacterin mixed with Bordeaux mixture,
achieving 98.8% effectiveness on the 12th day of
the trial. O.Z. Metlitsky demonstrated the high
effectiveness of biopreparations against the
American white moth. In 1986-1987, employees of
the Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences
of Ukraine applied lepidocid at a rate of 1.5 kg/ha
against orchard pests, achieving 84.0-90.0%
effectiveness [6, 10].
Although a complete abandonment of chemical
methods in orchards and vineyards is currently
impossible, a shift towards biological protection
has resulted in a threefold reduction in pesticide
use. The feasibility of biological protection is also
confirmed by increased production profitability.
For example, in Primorye, profitability from
chemical methods was 19.5%, from the combined
use of biological and chemical methods
–
26%, and
from the biological method alone
–
36.7% [2, 4].
Among fruit crops and grapevines, mites are some
of the most dangerous pests. Biological control
methods for these crops are not as well-developed
as those for pests belonging to the insect class.
Some studies have noted the impact of leaf
hairiness on the population of spider mites on
grapes, where varieties with weak and medium
hairiness are particularly affected by mites, while
varieties with felted hairiness are less damaged [1].
METHODS
The insecticide Medouz, MD was tested in a
vigorous apple orchard belonging to the farmer's
enterprise “Kuzibayev Jamolbek” located in the
Shavat district of Khorezm region. The area is
situated in the Turan lowland agricultural zone.
The orchard was established 12 years ago, with
apple trees of the “Golden Delishes” variety.
Treatments were carried out using a K-90
backpack motor sprayer, with a calculated working
fluid consumption rate of 1000 l/ha. The trials
were conducted in the morning, between 7 and 8
a.m., when the air temperature did not exceed 28°C
and wind speed was 1 m/s. The research utilized
commonly accepted methods in entomology and
agricultural entomology (Bondorenko, 1982;
Murodov, 1986), as well as methodological
guidelines (2004) and Abbot's formula for
calculations [5, 6, 7, 8, 9].
RESULTS
The insecticide Medouz, MD was tested against
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aphids. When tested at a consumption rate of 0.3
l/ha, the effectiveness on the 1st day was 95.7%
(Table 1) and increased to 97.4% and 99.0% on the
3rd and 7th days, respectively. Only on the 14th
and 21st days was there a slight decrease in
effectiveness to 98.2% and 97.2%, respectively.
These data are consistent with the effectiveness
indicators of the reference variant, where Nuker-
Pro was applied at a consumption rate of 1.0 l/ha,
with effectiveness on the 1st day of 91.2%, on the
3rd day
–
93.0%, on the 7th day
–
99.0%, on the
14th day
–
98.2%, and on the 21st day
–
97.2%
(Table 1). These results indicate the high
effectiveness of Medouz, MD against aphids on
apple trees (Table 1).
Table 2
Biological effectiveness of the Meadows, MD product against the codling moth on
apple trees
Field Trial, 2023, Khorezm Region, Shavat District, Kuzibayev Jamolbek Farm
Field
Experiments
For
reference
l/ha
Average number of fruits
considered per tree
Fruit damage, %
Reduction in crop
damage compared to
control, %
Fallen
fruits
Harvest
Fallen
fruits
Harvest
Removable
Gross
Removable
Gross
Removable
Gross
Medouz,
MD s/k
0,3
17,8
135,4
153,2
6,8
3,6
5,2
90,2
90,1
Nuker-Pro,
55% em.k.
(template)
1,0
18,2
128,4
146,6
7,4
4,0
5,7
89,1
89,1
Control
(unprocessed)
-
57,6
77,8
135,4
68,2
36,8
52,5
-
-
Further, the insecticide Medouz, MD was tested
against the apple codling moth. When applied at a
rate of 0.3 l/ha, an analysis of the harvested apples
showed that the reduction in damage to the
harvested crop relative to the control was 90.2%,
and the overall yield was 90.1% (Table 2). These
results are also consistent with the reference
variant, where Nuker-Pro was applied at a rate of
1.0 l/ha, resulting in a reduction in damage to the
harvested crop of 89.1%, and the overall yield
–
89.1% (Table 2).
Table 2
Biological effectiveness of the Meadows, MD product against the codling moth on
apple trees
Field Trial, 2023, Khorezm Region, Shavat District, Kuzibayev Jamolbek Farm
Field
Experiments
For
reference
l/ha
Average number of fruits
considered per tree
Fruit damage, %
Reduction in crop
damage compared to
control, %
Fallen
fruits
Harvest
Fallen
fruits
Harvest
Removable
Gross
Removable
Gross
Removable
Gross
Medouz,
MD s/k
0,3
17,8
135,4
153,2
6,8
3,6
5,2
90,2
90,1
Nuker-Pro,
55% em.k.
(template)
1,0
18,2
128,4
146,6
7,4
4,0
5,7
89,1
89,1
Control
(unprocessed)
-
57,6
77,8
135,4
68,2
36,8
52,5
-
-
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CONCLUSIONS
The insecticide Medouz, MD SC, demonstrated high
effectiveness against aphids and the codling moth
on apple trees at a consumption rate of 0,3 l/ha. We
recommend the insecticide Medouz, MD SC, for use
against aphids and the codling moth on apple trees
at a consumption rate of 0,3 l/ha by treating during
the plant's vegetation period.
The preparation form is convenient to use, quickly
forming a working solution when mixed with
water. No phytotoxicity was observed after
spraying.
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