Asian Studies

This article is devoted to the literary heritage of bilingual poets of India lived during the ruling of Baburids, who had significant influence on the formation of the Turkic-Persian Bilinguism in literary life of the country. In this regard, the diwans of Bayramkhan, Mirza Kamran, Usuf Faryabi and Abdurakhim Khan discovered in manuscript funds of India could be an absolute proof of above mentioned.

This article is devoted to the life and scientific activity of a well-known Arabian source and terms researcher Zakariya Yusuf and his importance of studying of musical terms in classical Arabian language is underlined in it.

This article is devoted to the study of the special literary style of one of the prominent  representatives  of  modern  Syrian  literature  –  the  writer  Zakaria  Tamer.  It analyzes  the  author’s  story  “Randa”,  which  clearly  shows  the  compositional  skills  of Z. Tamer and the symbolic language used in the story. Although the “Randa”, created in the form of a “story inside a story”, resembles a fairy tale for children, in fact it is an extensive literary work of a talented writer that addresses important topics of society with simple  sentences.  Using  the  image  of  a  little  girl  named  Randa,  the  author  creates  a universal  image  of  a  woman  and  skillfully  uses  symbols  to  show  her  role  in  society, especially the fate of an Arab woman through thin lines.

The following article considers the origins, external and internal factors of the modern crisis in Yemen. It is particularly noted that one of the reasons that Yemen has always been the arena for a clash of interests of the powers due to its strategic position on the sea route connecting Europe with the Indian ocean. It describes in detail how, along with the external threat, North and South Yemen in the second half of the XXth century was torn by internal contradictions. It is noted that after the integration of Yemen in 1990, opposition intensified its activities against the conditions of unification, which led to a new civil war. The article has a strong focus on the fact that in Yemen in the end of twentieth century political factor has been supplemented by religious factor, i.e., the confrontation escalated between the northerners Shia zaidis and the South Sunni. Attention is drawn to the fact that the spread of Wahhabism in Yemen as an ideological and political force, the creation of "al-Qaeda of the Arabian Peninsula" has further aggravated the explosive situation in the country. The analysis of the process of transformation of the theological movement of the Houthis-zaidis into a military-political force, which managed in the Wake of the "Arab spring" and in Alliance with the supporters of former President Ali Abdullah Saleh, not only to seize power in Sana'a in January 2015, but also to expand its position up to Aden. The particular emphasis has been placed on the fact that since March 2015 the conflict in Yemen has acquired an international character, when the Saudi coalition (Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, Qatar, Sudan and UAE, Egypt) sided with the President in the exile of Abd Rabbo Mansur Hadi and forced the Houthis to retreat from Aden and Bab El-Mandeb Strait by force of arms. It is noted what changes have occurred in the US policy towards the support of the Saudi coalition in recent years. The role of Iran in Yemen and the nature of its relations with the Houthis cause disputes between researchers. Based on the analysis of recent events, it is concluded that the military actions of the Saudi coalition can lead to the elimination of Yemen as a state. The ongoing armed conflict and the futility of attempts at a political solution make the possibility of a peaceful settlement in Yemen problematical.

This article reveals the role of the Russian military Oriental studies in the study of the history of Central Asia in the period of expansion of the Russian Empire, is the  analysis  of  the  factors  which  had  fundamental  importance  in  the  development  of military-Oriental  research,  the  contribution  to  the  establishment  of  the  military  of Oriental  studies  of  the  Russian  military  engineer  A. G. Serebrennikov,  the  author  of  a military geographical and topographical sketches, and compiler of an extensive body of archival documents of the "Turkestan region. The collection of materials for the history of his conquests, 1839–1876.", revealed the little-known pages of life and activities.

At the beginning of the eleventh century, with the formation of the largest centralized state of Turkic peoples, tribes in Central Asia - the Karakhanid dynasty, the prestige  of  the  ancient  Turkic  language  grew,  and  a  number  of  scholars  and  poets developed  in  the  process  of  raising  it  to  a  high  literary  level.  These  are  the  works  of Mahmud  Kashgari,  Yusuf  Khos  Hajib,  Ahmad  Yugnaki,  Ahmad  Yassawi  and  Suleiman Bogirgani, who created their works in the 11th and 12th centuries. The works of these authors  came  not  only  from  the  11th  and  12th  centuries,  but  through  manuscripts rewritten from the 13th century. Consequently, the history of modern Turkish manuscripts in Arabic dates back to the 13th century. Learning  Arabic  proverbs  began  in  the  8th  century.  Like  many  scholars  such  as Sahar Ibn Dhabi, the Arab poet Ubaid Jurdzhumiy (8th century) and the Persian scholar Abu Fadl Maidani, Mahmoud Zamahshari wrote his book Al-Mustaksa Min-l-Amsali. In addition to verses from different eras, he quotes from the book of Kalil and Dimna. This article presents the works of great Turkic scholars about Arabic proverbs and parables  and  historians,  Orientalists  -  Hermann  Wamberi,  A.Yu.  Yakubovsky,  S.P. Tolstov, E., who studied the culture, enlightenment and national heritage of the peoples of Central Asia. The hard work of E. Bertels, V.V. Bartold, E. Berezikov and others was recognized.

Today, when our national and spiritual values have been restored and the study of  the  masterpieces  of  our  ancient  manuscript  heritage  is given  serious  importance  at the level of public policy, we have a deeper understanding of our ancient cultural heritage and national history, rooted in the distant past. One of the master of words who made a great contribution to the development of world culture  and  science  with  his  work  was  Fahruddin  Ali  Safi  bin  Husein  Waiz  Kashifi  (d. 939/1539). His work is notable for covering various areas of secular and religious sciences. The works of Fakhruddin  Ali  Safi  reflect  the  ideas  of  raising  a  person with  high  qualities through the scientific heritage of our ancestors, the advancement of young people to healthy thinking and pure morality through the foundations of our culture and religion. This article provides information on two recently discovered new works of prose and one poem (gazelle) by Mavlian Fakhruddin Ali Safi Hirawi. On the basis of the recently discovered this gazelle by Ali Safi, the rubai and poems in "Rashakhat",  the  researcher  came  to  the  firm  conclusion  that  this  artist  could  have  had "Devon" (Collection of Gazelles). In his article, the researcher also examines in detail the manuscripts of Ali Safi's works in the Tashkent manuscript collections. The section of the article "New finds in the work of Ali Safi" is unique in that it examines two more new manuscripts of previously unknown works of Ali Safi and a gazelle. According to the author of the article, one of these manuscripts is the work of Ali Safi "Sharh-i Masnavi", the only manuscript of which is kept in the main fund of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. According to the author of the article, one of these manuscripts is the work of Ali Safi "Sharh-i Masnavi", the only manuscript of which is kept in the main fund of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. The second manuscript is "Tukhfa-i muluk", the only manuscript of which is kept in the main collection of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It is noteworthy that both of these manuscripts, written in Persian, are now being studied separately and in detail by the researcher. The second manuscript is "Tukhfa-i muluk", the only manuscript of which is kept in the main collection of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It is noteworthy that both of these manuscripts, written in Persian, are now being studied separately and in detail by the researcher. According to article FA RU No. 1023 inv. On the margins of pages 140a-140b "Majmu'a-i  bayoz", which  is  kept  under number  According  to  the  researcher,  this  gazelle  was  taken from Devon Ali Safi. So, our researcher is faced with an important task - to find the "Devon" of the poet.

In this article, there are described verbal semi afiixes as -kaš, -sāz, -namāy, -xāh, -paẕīr, which are met in the words of the poem “Khayrat al-abror” by Alisher Navoi. New built words with these semi affixes in the Turkic language is analyzed.

The issue of deputy is the importantoret issue not only with the determination of the limits of the word, but also the most complex issues of practical lexicography. The Chinese language-making processes are generally able to fill out the surgeon. In addition to the words of words, add, affixation, conversion and reduction process is included. It should be noted that the reasons for the sources of Omonia and the emergence of Oman are the main and essential source of the Omania, as the phonetic structure and phonetic
processes. This article is reflected in this article.

The article provides an analysis of the concept of a national innovation system (NIS), scientific and theoretical views and approaches to it. In addition, by using the DEA model, the efficiency of the Japanese NIS was evaluated, as well as a comparative analysis was conducted with several developed countries, on the basis of which proposals for innovative development of the economy of Uzbekistan were developed. There are several software types of our selected model (DEA-Solver-Pro, Frontier Analyst, OnFront, Warwick DEA, EffiVision, KonSi DEA Analysis, etc.), and our analysis is presented in Excel program. For analysis, we used materials from international organizations such as the  World Bank, OECD, the World Intellectual Property Organization, all research, and others.

This article touches upon the most pressing issues in the field of modern Arabic terminology, namely, the ways in which the Arabic language is conveyed the latest terms used to denote modern technological advances in the field of communication. Arab  countries,  like  many  other  developing  states,  are  only  consumers  of  the  latest advances in science and technology that are emerging in more developed regions of the world. It is these “fruits” of technological progress that contribute to the formation of new, previously non-existent objects, phenomena and “transformations”. The latter not only enrich the "world of electronics", but also contribute to the expansion of the linguistic vocabulary of the "carrier" language, and then the languages of "consumers". Thus, the article analyzes and describes the most  commonly  used  methods  of  transmitting  the  Arabic  "speech"  of  the  above-described newest names of gadgets that did not previously exist among the Arabs. It is well known that any language strives to preserve its identity and avoid direct foreign borrowings. The Arabic language in this context is no exception. In this regard, the author highlights  the  numerous  attempts  of  the  Arabic  language  to  avoid  direct  borrowings  by adapting their own lexical units. Sometimes, due to the lack of suitable semantic lexemes, the Arabic language is forced to use more "gentle ways" of transferring new foreign names, ie. by using methods such as "tracing paper" and "half-calf". On  the  other  hand,  despite  attempts  to  avoid  direct  foreign  borrowings,  under  the influence of the "fashion" for the English language, the facts of the "entry" of Western terms into  the  language  of  the  Arab  people  are  comprehensively  observed,  undergoing  only transliteration necessary for this language.

This article describes the views of famous Arab linguists living in the early medieval times on the word and its making. It also describes the distinctive and general aspects of the views expressed. In the Arabic language the meanings of words “kalima”, “lafz”, “qavl” have been analyzed.

In the second half of the XIX - early XX centuriesThousands of scientific studies, works, and works on the natural sciences were created in Central Asia. These works are currently in preservation in the collections of manuscripts  and  libraries  of  Uzbekistan.  In  particular,  the rich scientific  and  spiritual  heritage  of  the  famous thinker Ahmad Danish has its place among the sources of the manuscript fund of the Institute of Oriental Studies named after Abu RayhanBiruni of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan.  The  article indicates the  registration  numbers  of  his  works  and essays.  The  analysis  of  the  views  of Ahmad Donish on science, in the works. The author of the article pays great attention to the study of his works and works, where a place is given to the description of natural phenomena.The article also presents the scientific thoughts of Ahmad Donish about nature, about the origin and structure of the Earth, about the existence and movement of the planets, about the eclipses of the Sun and the Moon. In the works devoted to the natural sciences, he presents natural phenomena, based on scientific arguments. In covering the topic of a  scientific  article,  the  author  used  such  scientific  methods  as  historicity,  analysis  of  phenomena  in  a particular historical context and explanation. It should be noted that Central Asia in the second half of the XIX  - early XX centuries. became the object of active research of Russian and foreign researchers. As a result, hundreds of  new studies have emerged. This justifies the level of the highest development of the science of geography in the second end of the XIX - beginning of the XX centuries. Innovations in the field of natural sciences directly influenced the work of the enlighteners of Central Asia. In view of the developing educational movement at the end of the

This  article  deals  with  the  problem  of  proverbs  “seeing”  in  English  and Uzbek.  By  means  of  analyzing  the  psycholinguistic  aspect  of  this  problem  the  author makes  an  attempt  of  explaining  the  role  of  “seeing”  in  the  process  how  people  get information  about  the  outer  world  using  the  organs  of  perception  and  the  brain.  The author analyses the problem of the “linguistic map of the world”, “national picture of the world” in order to find answers to the problems analysed.

This  article  is  devoted  to  the  stereotypical  units  of  Old  Turkic  texts.  The transformation of the stereotypical units to the next period is particularly illuminated in the article.

In the article compound verbs and their place in language variations are studied. Also lexical-semantic variants of the verb xвstan are difined and distributed in meaningful groups. Such meanings as “to ask”, “to request”, “to demand” are selected and their options (functional equivalents) defined.

This  article  is  devoted  to  the  analysis  of  socio-economic  and  political  ties between Uzbekistan and Turkey during the years of independence, mutual interests of the two states, the main directions of foreign policy, factors of increasing mutual interests of the two sides. The author discusses the speeches of Sh.M.Mirziyoyev at the Ankara summit, as well as the Uzbekistan-Turkey business forum on April 30, 2018 in Tashkent. In addition, it is stated that the Uzbek people watch Turkish films and TV series with love.

The article deals with relations between China and Republic of Uzbekistan in high education sphere within the project “One belt – one road”.

Recently, Republic of Korea and Republic of Uzbekistan have been buoyed up by expectations for new leadership. Under the new governments and new policies, the relationship between the two countries has entered a new phase. The new Korean government led by Moon Jae-in sees the new domestic and foreign policy initiatives led by the Mirziyoyev government as highly  encouraging  and  shows  great  interest  in  establishing  mutually  beneficial  partnership with the new government in Uzbekistan.

This article describes the formation of relations between Uzbekistan and UNESCO, the division of cooperation into three periods and the organizational and legal aspects of relations in these processes. The purpose of the article is to study the formation of Uzbekistan-UNESCO relations, priorities and organizational and legal aspects of the relationship, as well as to analyze the issues of accelerating cooperation in the
implementation of tasks in Uzbekistan. Historical, systematic and logical analysis, event, as well as content analysis methods were used in writing the scientific article. The formation and development of cooperation between Uzbekistan and UNESCO is unique in each period and is based on the need to develop new programs and projects in the relationship.

The following issues are analyzed in this scientific article:the significance and  historical  role  of  establishing  diplomatic  relations  between  the  Republic  of  Uz-bekistan and Japan. The huge role of ratification of the strategic partnership agreement between two countries is also shown. The peculiar specifics of the political system of Japan, including the nature, structure and  basic  functions  of  the  parliament  and  the  procedure  for  holding  parliamentary elections, the place and role of the emperor’s institution in the political system, as well as the cabinet of ministers, are examined. The article considers the basis of the principle of forming the Cabinet of ministers, its role in the process of reforming the political system of society, the features of the political system, in particular the formation of a multi-party system, the reasons for success as a dominant party - the Liberal Democratic Party of the country, the role of the LDP in the process of modernization  of  the  Japanese  political  system,  the  role  of  the  Cabinet  of  ministersin  the political system of society, the activities of the Japanese government led by Sh.Abe in the process of updating political system, the government’s program for the development of the country's economy, as well as the specifics of the practical implementation of this program, the activities of the parliament and the cabinet to amend the Constitution of the country, in particular, on articles 1, 4, 7, 9, 41 of the Constitution. Particular attention is paid to the processes  of  amending  Article  9  of  the  Constitution,  which  deals  with  the  issue  of  legal updating of the status of the Japanese armed forces, and on the basis of these changes will complete the "idea of creating" a normal Japanese army. The cabinet’s aspirations to expand the powers of the government by improving the legal norms of the Constitution, in particular by adding a special chapter 9 to the main law, are also considered.

In  this  article  given  uzbek-japanese  cultural  and  social-economical  relations  ancient  and middle ages. It also analyzes data from articles of Japanese scholars –Sh.Kuwayama and M. Inabaabout ethnical history of Tokharistan and adjacent areas in early middle ages.

There are three manuscripts of “Kutadku bilig”. One of them was written in Uighur script and others in Arabic one. Uighur copy of manuscript was copied in 1439 in Herat. This copy of the work wasn’t so much analyzed because of its script. But there are many achievements of this copy. By supposition this text was copied from old one. It can give us much information about this work.

It  is  known  from  history  that  the  Persian  language  is  derived  from  the ancient  languages,  which  did  not  retain  its  linguistic  peculiarities.  Temporary  and historical circumstances have shown the rise of the lexicon of other languages under the influence  of  Persian  words,  as  well  as  the  Arabic  language.  The  lexicon  of  the  Uzbek language does not apply to exclusion. The  ancient Persian-Tajik  language was  used  in parallel with the languages of  the Maverannahr region, in parts, in Uzbek. As a result, many words from the Persian and Arabic languages are used in the lexical composition of the Uzbek language, that is, they are used as common words. On the other hand, not all commonly used words are used for meaning and meaning. In the Uzbek language there is such an ancient Arabic word, that their semantic border has another meaning in the Persian language, and in the Uzbek language  - a complete other meaning. Interestingly, what this word-term, used in both languages, refers to the word  actively  spoken  in both languages.  In  addition, the  methods  of  education  of  one-word words in comparative languages must correspond to the international standard. In the result, such a conclusion becomes the exact etymological basis and the basic meaning of the productive common words Persian and Uzbek languages. For  example,  in  the  Uzbek  language,  such  words  exist,  such  as'  muhtoriяtʼ, 'maimurяtʼ,'  maimurʼ,  'muқobilʼ,'  каakam  ','  tasrifʼ,  'insonparvarlikʼ,'  dorulfunusʼ,  х дастурʼ, 'инқиботʼ и многие სხვაе, basically which is related to Arabic borrowing, but does  not  fully reflect their  meaning  from the  Arabic  language. To  give  common words являются  общеупоребительными  словами,  которые  на  сегодняшний  день  были предложены  всесто  русско-международного  слова-термина  The  semantic  and functional  study  of  such  a  word  serves  the  development  of  lexicology  of  the  Uzbek language. The  reason  why,  in  1989,  when the  Uzbek  language was  given  the  status  of "state language", a task was set to pursue its prestige. Accordingly, the whole article я яvlяet я conducted  the  structural-semantic analysis of  the  Persian  common-use  words-terms, used daily in the Uzbek language.

Description of the semantics of the verb is a complicated process since the semantics of the verb is closely related to its distribution. In view of the foregoing, verbs are classified by the expression of directional movement and the presence or absence of subject/object, if there is one, by its quantity. In the Chinese language, there are verbs of motion that, besides movement, also express direction. These verbs can act as an independent verbal predicate or an appositive adjunct known as directive additional parts, a modifier or directional morpheme in a sentence.  Verbs 来 [lái] “to come” and 去 [qù] “to go” are basic verbs of the direction of movement. Compound verb of the direction of movement is also formed by adding these verbs. If the action of the verb is getting closer to the speaker, 来 is used. If the action is moving away from the speaker, 去 is used. 来 [lái] “to come” is one of the basic verbs of the direction of movement. 来 [lái] is a polysemous word and it can act as notional or auxiliary verb in a sentence, as well as in the function of a syntactic word. The specificity of the semantics of the verb 来 [lái] lies in the fact that in addition to the orientation or direction of movement, it indicates the narrative clause, what information the speaker wants to emphasize. In this article, the verb properties of 来 [lái] are studied and ways to actualize their meanings in the Uzbek language are identified. The models 来 [lái] in the functions of the main and auxiliary verbs have been studied, as well as in the function of a syntactic word based on materials of the book by Lu Shusyan “现代汉语八百词吕 叔湘” (“800 words of modern Chinese”). The similarities and differences between the semantics of the verbs 来[lái] in Chinese and kelmoq in Uzbek are described.