SUBJECT REVIEW PHASES OF SUGAR METABOLISM AND THE EFFECT OF HORMONES ON IT

HAC
inLibrary
Google Scholar
doi
CC BY f
33-45
3
0
To share
Inas Hasan AL-Khafaji, . (2024). SUBJECT REVIEW PHASES OF SUGAR METABOLISM AND THE EFFECT OF HORMONES ON IT. The American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research, 6(01), 33–45. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/Volume06Issue01-06
Crossref
Сrossref
Scopus
Scopus

Abstract

Sugar metabolism is the biochemical processes that imply formation, breakdown, and conversion of sugar in human body. Several biological processes are involved during Sugar metabolism. This report discusses comprehensively both sugar metabolism phases and digestion pathways. The biological activities related to sugar metabolism in every relevant human body organs, chemical reactions, hormones and enzymes effects, transport routes and absorption mechanisms have been highlighted. 

Similar Articles

References

Gurung P, Zubair M, Jialal I. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; Treasure Island (FL): Jan 18, 2023. Plasma Glucose. [PubMed]

Daghlas SA, Mohiuddin SS. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; Treasure Island (FL): May 8, 2022. Biochemistry, Glycogen. [PubMed]

Holesh JE, Aslam S, Martin A. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; Treasure Island (FL): Jul 25, 2022. Physiology, Carbohydrates. [PubMed]

Navale AM, Paranjape AN. Glucose transporters: physiological and pathological roles. Biophys Rev. 2016 Mar;8(1):5-9. [PMC free article] [PubMed]

El Sayed SA, Mukherjee S. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; Treasure Island (FL): May 8, 2022. Physiology, Pancreas. [PubMed]

Vargas E, Joy NV, Carrillo Sepulveda MA. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; Treasure Island (FL): Sep 26, 2022. Biochemistry, Insulin Metabolic Effects. [PubMed]

Venugopal SK, Sankar P, Jialal I. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; Treasure Island (FL): Mar 6, 2023. Physiology, Glucagon. [PubMed]

Dutt M, Wehrle CJ, Jialal I. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; Treasure Island (FL): May 8, 2022. Physiology, Adrenal Gland. [PubMed]

Pirahanchi Y, Tariq MA, Jialal I. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; Treasure Island (FL): Feb 13, 2023. Physiology, Thyroid. [PubMed]

Rawindraraj AD, Basit H, Jialal I. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; Treasure Island (FL): May 8, 2022. Physiology, Anterior Pituitary. [PubMed]

Nawale RB, Mourya VK, Bhise SB. Non-enzymatic glycation of proteins: a cause for complications in diabetes. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 2006 Dec;43(6):337-44. [PubMed]

Goyal R, Jialal I. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; Treasure Island (FL): Jun 19, 2022. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. [PubMed]

Goyal R, Nguyen M, Jialal I. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; Treasure Island (FL): Aug 8, 2022. Glucose Intolerance. [PubMed]

Adeyinka A, Kondamudi NP. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; Treasure Island (FL): Dec 1, 2022. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome. [PubMed]

Mathew P, Thoppil D. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; Treasure Island (FL): Dec 26, 2022. Hypoglycemia. [PubMed]

Kalra A, Yetiskul E, Wehrle CJ, Tuma F. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; Treasure Island (FL): May 8, 2022. Physiology, Liver. [PubMed]

Patricia JJ, Dhamoon AS. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; Treasure Island (FL): Sep 12, 2022. Physiology, Digestion. https://www.biologydiscussion.com/carbohydrates/carbohydrates-monosaccharides-disaccharides-and-polysaccharides/16893 . [PubMed]

Miller TB Jr, Larner J. Mechanism of control of hepatic glycogenesis by insulin. J Biol Chem 1973; 248: 3483–3488.

Akpan JO, Gardner R, Wagle SR. Studies on the effects of insulin and acetylcholine on activation of glycogen synthase and on glycogenesis in hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1974; 61: 222–229.

Stalmans W, De Wulf H, Hue L, Hers HG. The sequential inactivation of glycogen phosphorylase and activation of glycogen synthetase in liver after the administration of glucose to mice and rats. The mechanism of the hepatic threshold to glucose. Eur J Biochem 1974; 41: 127–134.

O'Brien RM, Lucas PC, Forest CD, Magnuson MA, Granner DK. Identification of a sequence in the PEPCK gene that mediates a negative effect of insulin on transcription. Science 1990; 249: 533–537.

Streeper RS, Svitek CA, Chapman S, Greenbaum LE, Taub R, O'Brien RM. A multicomponent insulin response sequence mediates a strong repression of mouse glucose-6-phosphatase gene transcription by insulin. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 11698–11701.

Duong DT, Waltner-Law ME, Sears R, Sealy L, Granner DK. Insulin inhibits hepatocellular glucose production by utilizing liver-enriched transcriptional inhibitory protein to disrupt the association of CREB-binding protein and RNA polymerase II with the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene promoter. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:32234–32242.

Nakae J, Kitamura T, Silver DL, Accili D. The forkhead transcription factor Foxo1 (Fkhr) confers insulin sensitivity onto glucose-6-phosphatase expression. J Clin Invest 2001; 108: 1359–1367.

Schmoll D, Walker KS, Alessi DR, Grempler R, Burchell A, Guo S et al. Regulation of glucose--phosphatase gene expression by protein kinase Balpha and the forkhead transcription factor FKHR. Evidence for insulin response unit-dependent and -independent effects of insulin on promoter activity. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 36324–36333.

Lochhead PA, Coghlan M, Rice SQ, Sutherland C. Inhibition of GSK-3 selectively reduces glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphatase and phosphoenolypyruvate carboxykinase gene expression. Diabetes 2001; 50: 937–946.

Walton PE, Etherton TD. Stimulation of lipogenesis by insulin in swine adipose tissue: antagonism by porcine growth hormone. J Anim Sci 1986; 62: 1584–1595.

McTernan PG, Harte AL, Anderson LA, Green A, Smith SA, Holder JC et al. Insulin and rosiglitazone regulation of lipolysis and lipogenesis in human adipose tissue in vitro. Diabetes 2002; 51: 1493–1498.

Biolo G, Declan Fleming RY, Wolfe RR. Physiologic hyperinsulinemia stimulates protein synthesis and enhances transport of selected amino acids in human skeletal muscle. J Clin Invest 1995; 95: 811–819.

.Ashcroft FM, Proks P, Smith PA, Ammala C, Bokvist K, Rorsman P. Stimulus-secretion coupling in pancreatic beta cells. J Cell Biochem 1994; 55 Suppl: 54–65.

Henquin JC. Triggering and amplifying pathways of regulation of insulin secretion by glucose. Diabetes 2000; 49: 1751–1760.

Cerasi E, Luft R. The plasma insulin response to glucose infusion in healthy subjects and in diabetes mellitus. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1967; 55: 278–304.

Porte D Jr, Pupo AA. Insulin responses to glucose: evidence for a two pool system in man. J Clin Invest 1969; 48: 2309–2319.

Curry DL, Bennett LL, Grodsky GM. Dynamics of insulin secretion by the perfused rat pancreas. Endocrinology 1968; 83: 572–584.

Hao M, Li X, Rizzo MA, Rocheleau JV, Dawant BM, Piston DW. Regulation of two insulin granule populations within the reserve pool by distinc calcium sources. J Cell Sci 2005; 118(Pt 24): 5873–5884.

Olofsson CS, Gopel SO, Barg S, Galvanovskis J, Ma X, Salehi A et al. Fast insulin secretion reflects exocytosis of docked granules in mouse pancreatic B-cells. Pflugers Arch 2002; 444: 43–51.

Thurmond DC. Regulation of Insulin Action and Insulin Secretion by SNARE-Mediated Vesicle Exocytosis. Landes Bioscience: Austin, TX, USA, 2000.

Chapman ER, An S, Barton N, Jahn R. SNAP-25, a t-SNARE which binds to both syntaxin and synaptobrevin via domains that may form coiled coils.J Biol Chem 1994; 269: 27427–27432.

Fasshauer D, Otto H, Eliason WK, Jahn R, Brunger AT. Structural changes are associated with soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor complex formation. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 28036–28041.

Voets T, Toonen RF, Brian EC, de Wit H, Moser T, Rettig J et al. Munc18-1 promotes large dense-core vesicle docking. Neuron 2001; 31:581–591.

.Lam PP, Ohno M, Dolai S, He Y, Qin T, Liang T et al. Munc18b is a major mediator of insulin exocytosis in rat pancreatic beta-cells. Diabetes 2013; 62: 2416–2428.

.Foster LJ, Yeung B, Mohtashami M, Ross K, Trimble WS, Klip A. Binary interactions of the SNARE proteins syntaxin-4, SNAP23, and VAMP-2 and their regulation by phosphorylation. Biochemistry 1998; 37: 11089–11096.

Ravichandran V, Chawla A, Roche PA. Identification of a novel syntaxin- and synaptobrevin/VAMP-binding protein, SNAP-23, expressed in non-neuronal tissues. J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 13300–13303.

Leung YM, Kwan EP, Ng B, Kang Y, Gaisano HY. SNAREing voltage-gated K+ and ATP-sensitive K+ channels: tuning beta-cell excitability with syntaxin-1A and other exocytotic proteins. Endocr Rev 2007; 28: 653–663.

Regazzi R, Wollheim CB, Lang J, Theler JM, Rossetto O, Montecucco Cet al. VAMP-2 and cellubrevin are expressed in pancreatic beta-cells and are essential for Ca(2+)-but not for GTP gamma S-induced insulin secretion. EMBO J 1995; 14: 2723–2730.

Zhu D, Koo E, Kwan E, Kang Y, Park S, Xie H et al. Syntaxin-3 regulates newcomer insulin granule exocytosis and compound fusion in pancreatic beta cells. Diabetologia 2013; 56: 359–369.

Zhu D, Zhang Y, Lam PP, Dolai S, Liu Y, Cai EP et al. Dual role of VAMP8 in regulating insulin exocytosis and islet beta cell growth. Cell Metab 2012; 16: 238–249.

Gustavsson N, Han W. Calcium-sensing beyond neurotransmitters: functions of synaptotagmins in neuroendocrine and endocrine secretion. Biosci Rep 2009; 29: 245–259.

Gut A, Kiraly CE, Fukuda M, Mikoshiba K, Wollheim CB, Lang J. Expression and localisation of synaptotagmin isoforms in endocrine beta-cells: their function in insulin exocytosis. J Cell Sci 2001; 114(Pt 9): 1709–1716.

Gustavsson N, Wei SH, Hoang DN, Lao Y, Zhang Q, Radda GK et al. Synaptotagmin-7 is a principal Ca2+ sensor for Ca2+ -induced glucagon exocytosis in pancreas. J Physiol 2009; 587(Pt 6): 1169–1178.

inLibrary — это научная электронная библиотека inConference - научно-практические конференции inScience - Журнал Общество и инновации UACD - Антикоррупционный дайджест Узбекистана UZDA - Ассоциации стоматологов Узбекистана АСТ - Архитектура, строительство, транспорт Open Journal System - Престиж вашего журнала в международных базах данных inDesigner - Разработка сайта - создание сайтов под ключ в веб студии Iqtisodiy taraqqiyot va tahlil - ilmiy elektron jurnali yuridik va jismoniy shaxslarning in-Academy - Innovative Academy RSC MENC LEGIS - Адвокатское бюро SPORT-SCIENCE - Актуальные проблемы спортивной науки GLOTEC - Внедрение цифровых технологий в организации MuviPoisk - Смотрите фильмы онлайн, большая коллекция, новинки кинопроката Megatorg - Доска объявлений Megatorg.net: сайт бесплатных частных объявлений Skinormil - Космецевтика активного действия Pils - Мультибрендовый онлайн шоп METAMED - Фармацевтическая компания с полным спектром услуг Dexaflu - от симптомов гриппа и простуды SMARTY - Увеличение продаж вашей компании ELECARS - Электромобили в Ташкенте, Узбекистане CHINA MOTORS - Купи автомобиль своей мечты! PROKAT24 - Прокат и аренда строительных инструментов