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PUBLISHED DATE: - 03-08-2024
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/ NICSPEEP-2024-01-05
ANALYSIS OF COMMUNITY EDUCATION ON
PARTICIPATION IN THE MEDAN CITY DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM
Vera Asihna Riris Pasaribu
HKBP Nommensen University, Indonesia
INTRODUCTION
Community education need role important leader
No just leader in a country, but rather regional head
( province , district / city ) , where role leadership
is very important in frame create good and useful
education for continuity society , where public
need something proper and suitable education For
developed and feasible used For increase No just
understanding , but also improvement capacity and
capability from source Power useful human for
sustainability
development
(Saleh,
Arifin,
Dalimunthe, Ahmad Hidayah and Lubis, 2019) .
In an attempt increase capability and capacity , as
well suitability For help increase continuity
development in a country or region is needed
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Abstract
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needed role Government in the development
process education , where existing education Now
This Still Not yet touch what the community wants
and needs , where public need customized
education with curriculum that can applied For
development of existing human resources in the
country and region or area (Brotosusilo, A., 2020) .
Role of Government This No only as driving force ,
but also as battering ram through policies and also
implement them specified rules For increasing
quality human resources . Policy Now this is what
the Government does through enforcement
Independent Learning curriculum No just done
renewal about draft study , but method existing
learning updated and adjusted to interest and
talent so that required something strict
socialization For synchronize curriculum with
existing learning methods and models (Usman,
Ahmad Jumadin, Efendy, Ismail and Amirah, 2023).
Apart from the role Government education capable
society produce quality and capable human
resources contribute to sustainability development
related tightly with level poverty and provision
field Where do you work with level poverty high ,
then will impact to decline abilities and knowledge
, where education low society will difficult For
increase development yourself , as well difficult For
reach what is desired (Badriyah, 2022) .
High level of poverty will resulting in an increase
unemployment , where effect social from
unemployment will impact to appearance stupidity
and decline ability and expertise from HR, so
reduce ultimately the quality and capacity of
human resources reduce contribution to continuity
development , where level poverty and low
education will tend will lower participation in
contribute to development (Ginting, Bengkel and
Siregar, 2020) .
Poverty often limit access individual to education
and training , which reduces ability they For
participate in activity necessary development Skills
special . Living person in poverty tend own access
limited to service health , that can be cause poor
health and reduce ability physique they For
participate in project development (Setiawan,
Budi, 2020) .
Poor people often must use up part big time and
resources Power they For fulfil need basic , so they
own A little remaining time and energy For
involved in activity development . Participation in
project development , like project infrastructure or
initiative economics , yes give work and improve
income , help reduce poverty (Sitepu, Edy
Syahputra, 2019) .
Involvement in development often accompanied
with training and education , which can increase
skills and qualifications Individual , improve
opportunity work in the future . Involvement in
development often accompanied with training and
education , which can increase skills and
qualifications individual , improve opportunity
work in the future . Participation in development
can strengthen capacity society , encourage
solidarity social , and improve access to services
public (Elizon Nainggolan, Elizon, 2019) .
Apart from level poverty and role Government
there is also provision field Where do you work
With availability field work , income individual and
family increase . It improves Power buy them ,
which contribute to growth economy local and
national . Stable and decent work help lift
individual and family go out from poverty , which
makes it possible they participate more active in
development economic and social (Khair, Hafizhul,
2019) .
Lots of jobs available training and opportunities
development skills , which improve ability
individual For contribute in a way effective in
various aspect development . Experience gained
through work strengthen skills and knowledge
individual , who can used For support project
development other (Ginting, Bengkel and Siregar,
2020) .
Medan City is one of the cities that implements it
education public to increase quality and capability
in frame help Government in enhancement HR
contribution in increase quality development in
Medan City, where Still lack of role Local
Government in advance education society , so Not
yet able to produce capable human resources
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develop in frame contribute to the development of
Medan City.
Additionally , level high poverty in the city of
Medan has become trigger in increase education
public with OK , where education poor society will
resulting in a decline HR capabilities , so HR
contribution to Medan City development is also low
. This matter causing the city of Medan to lose
assets and bones strong back for pushing
participation moderate development encouraged ,
so existing development decrease the quality . This
matter can seen from level poverty in Medan City
in 2022 is 8.% and level poverty in Medan City in
2023 will increase by 8.07% compared to Year
2022.
Apart from level poverty there are also
shortcomings provision field Where do you work
field narrow work in Medan City will be lower the
quality of human resources and will also lower HR
contribution in develop development in the city of
Medan goes hand in hand with lack of human
resource development in Medan City.
PROBLEM FORMULATION
As for the formula problems that arise from study
This is How variable role Government , level
poverty , as well provision field Work influential to
participation in development of Medan City
through HR development as intervening variable .
RESEARCH PURPOSES
As for goals from study This is For know and
analyze variable extent role Government , level
poverty , as well provision field Work influential to
participation in development of Medan City
through HR development as intervening variables .
RESEARCH ORIGINALITY
Subject from study This is residents / people of
Medan City, where variables in the research This is
variable independent , that is role Government ,
level poverty , as well provision field work ,
variable dependent , i.e variable participation in
development of Medan City as well as intervening
variables are variable HR development . The results
of the data analysis used use SEM analysis with
using SMART PLS 4.0 software. Data collection
techniques through studies observation and
questionnaires .
LITERATURE REVIEW
Community Education
Community education is effort For increase
knowledge , skills , and attitudes member public so
that they can participate more active and
productive in life social , economic , and political .
Community education covers various form
designed learning and programs For various group
age and background behind socio-economic
(Siregar, Hairani and Nur, 2020) .
Community education is powerful tool For
transformation social and economic , which makes
it possible individual and community For develop
and contribute in a way positive to society they
(Thamrin, Husni, 2023) . Indicator from education
society are:
1.
Enhancement skills
2.
Enhancement knowledge
3.
Update curriculum
4.
Enhancement role as well as community in
development
5.
Enhancement
role
Government
in
development education (Fitri, Isnen, Ahmad,
2019)
The Role of Government in Education Development
The role of government in development education
is very important and encompassing various aspect
, start from policies and regulations until funding
and supervision (Kaluge, 2018) . With active and
coordinated role from government , system
education can develop with more OK , give it more
opportunities broad and even for all over layer
public For get quality education (Situmeang, 2018).
Indicator role Government in Educational
development includes :
1.
Enhancement quality education
2.
Making
rule
appropriate
education
application in the world of work
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3.
Enhancement training and development
education (Situmeang, Mahyudin and Zulfida,
2021) .
Poverty level
Poverty level is indicator important to describe
proportion resident an area that lives below the
poverty line , which is usually the case be measured
based on income or minimum expenditure
required For fulfil basic needs (Gunawan, Melissa
Azalea and Ansyori, 2023) .
Poverty level is indicator important that reflects
well-being economic and social something public .
Government play role key in reduce poverty
through various policies and programs that include
field economy , education , health and
infrastructure development (Yusri, 2020) .
Indicator level poverty is :
1.
Unemployment rate
2.
Level of education low
3.
Income public yeah low (Batubara, Monica
Mulyani, 2022)
Provision Field Work
Provision field Work is one of aspect important in
development economic impact straight to
eradication poverty and improvement well-being
public (Thamrin, Muhammad Husni, Ridho, Hatta
and Nasution, 2022) . Provision field Work is key
For development sustainable economy and
alleviation poverty . Government , sector private
sector , and society need Work The same in create
conducive environment For investment ,
supporting MSMEs, developing Skills power work ,
and build necessary infrastructure . With the right
strategy , providing field Work can increase well-
being community and encourage growth inclusive
economy (Yunita, Nora, Harahap, R. Hamdani and
Amin, 2023) .
Indicator provision field work is:
1.
Growth economy
2.
Income public
3.
High level of education
4.
Development level high human resources
(Pardede, Piki Darma Kristian, Suryanto, 2020) .
Participation in Development
Participation public in development is an involved
process public in planning , implementing ,
monitoring and evaluating development programs
in the environment they . Participation this is very
important For ensure that development program
in accordance with needs and aspirations society ,
as well increase desirability and effectiveness of
the program (Hidayat, Rahmat, 2023) .
Participation public in development is element key
For ensure success and continuity projects
development . With involve public in a way active
in all stages development , government and parties
related can increase effectiveness , relevance and
transparency of development programs . Although
there is various challenges , the right strategy can
overcome obstacle that and pushed more
participation
inclusive
and
meaningful
(Napitupulu, Robert Antonius, 2021) .
Indicator participation public in the development
program , namely :
1.
Involvement public in policy development
2.
High and equal level of education
3.
Provision field Work
4.
Enhancement HR development (Tobing,
Ruth Oldina Margareth, 2021)
HR Development
Development Human Resources (HR) is a
systematic process For increase knowledge , skills ,
attitudes , and capacities individual in something
organization or public . The main purpose from HR
development is For increase productivity ,
efficiency , and quality Work good on level
individual nor organization (Tobing, Ruth Oldina
Margareth, 2021) .
HR development is investment period long for
every organization that wants to build strong and
sustainable foundation For future success . With
notice need individual , organization can reach
sustainable growth and improvement Power
competitive them in the market (Aisyah, Shintia
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Putri and Rangkuti, 2023) .
Indicator HR development , namely :
1.
Enhancement career
2.
Proper training
3.
Provision the right job (Ritonga, 2018)
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
As for the picture framework conceptual research
are:
Figure 1 Framework Conceptual
Hypothesis
1.
Role of
Government influential to
participation in development
2.
Poverty level influential to participation in
development
3.
Provision field Work influential to
participation in development
4.
Role of Government influential to HR
development
5.
Poverty level influential to HR development
6.
Provision field Work influential to HR
development
7.
HR development has an influence to
participation in development
8.
Role of
Government influential to
participation in development through HR
development as intervening variable
9.
Poverty level influential to participation in
development through HR development as
intervening variable
10.
Provision field Work influential to
participation in development through HR
development as intervening variable .
RESEARCH METHODS
Method study This done use method descriptive
quantitative with use analysis method structural
equation model (SEM), where According to (Sahin,
Marat Dogan and Ozturk, 2019) SEM analysis is
technique SEM statistics combine analysis factors
and analysis regression , possible researcher For
test and estimate connection between variable in a
way sinuktan and partial . Population in study This
is 2,494,512 people population of Medan City in
2023, where method taking the sample done with
use method purposive sampling , where according
to (Sahin, Marat Dogan and Ozturk, 2019) method
taking sample with use accidental sampling is is
method taking customized samples with criteria
special .
As for the amount samples taken can done with use
Partisipasi
Dalam
Pembangu
nan
Peran
Pemerintah
Tingkat
Kemiskinan
Penyediaan
Lapangan
Kerja
Pengembanga
n SDM
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formula slovin as following :
n
= N / ( 1 + Ne² ) = 2,494,512 / (1 + 2,494,512 x 0.1²)
= 99.99 = 100 souls residents of Medan City .
RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION
RESEARCH RESULT
Testing Descriptive
Testing
descriptive
done
with
analyze
characteristics respondents from cluster of 93
students with 100 people residents of Medan City .
Adapuan analysis descriptive about characteristics
respondents according to the following table is :
Table 1 Characteristics Respond en
Variable
Category
Frequency
Percentage (%)
Gender
Man
64
64
Woman
36
36
Age
20-24 Years
45
45
25-30 Years
52
52
31-50 Years
3
3
Table above explain that most respondents answer
question respondents based on type sex is
respondents man amounting to 64% or 64
respondents , meanwhile fewest respondents
answer question is respondents Woman by 36% or
around 36 respondents . Characteristics
respondents based on age , then the most answer
question is respondents in range aged 25-30 years
amounting to 52% or 52 respondents , while the
least answer is respondents in range aged 31-50
years as many as 3% or 3 respondents .
As for output from the SEM test can be explained
through a Bootstrapping diagram following :
PP
PP
2
PP
3
TK
1
0,8
64
0,8
66
PSD
PDP
PDP
1
PDP
2
PDP
3
PDP
4
0,8
82
0,8
42
0,8
32
5,2
05
5,2
25
6,4
27
6,4
32
TK
2
PP
1
0,8
73
0,8
47
0,8
42
0,8
24
TK
0,7
57
KM
1
KM
KM
3
6,5
30
0,8
67
7,4
34
0,8
80
5,3
51
0,7
63
TK
3
PLK
PLK
1
PLK
2
PLK
3
PLK
4
0,8
70
0,8
95
0,8
66
0,8
54
4,4
23
7,2
60
4,5
01
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Figure 2 Bootstrapping diagram
Convergent Validity Analysis
(Sahin, Marat Dogan and Ozturk, 2019) state that analysis convergent validity is part from the validation
process construct in research , esp when use Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method or analysis
factor . The results of the convergent validity test in the research This is as following :
Table 2 Test Convergent Validity
Variable
Indicator
Outer
Loading
Role of
Government
(X
1
)
PP 1
0.866
PP 2
0.873
PP 3
0.864
Poverty level
(X
2
)
Kindergarten
1
0.847
Kindergarten
2
0.757
Kindergarten
3
0.867
Provision
Field Work
(X
3
)
PLK 1
0.870
PLK 2
0.895
PLK 3
0.866
PLK 4
0.854
Participation
in
Development
(Y)
PDP 1
0.832
PDP 2
0.842
PDP 3
0.882
PDP 4
0.842
Development
(Z)
PSD 1
0.880
PSD 2
0.763
PSD 3
0.824
Source : Data Processing Results with PLS 3.0, 2024
Table above state that the data exists Already
worthy For used to subsequent research and data
analysis , so Can used with Good For analyze
various existing influence .
Analisa Average Variant Extracted (AVE)
(Sahin, Marat Dogan and Ozturk, 2019) state that
the AVE test is one techniques used in Structural
Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis for spread
validity convergent from something construct or
latent variable . As for the results testing Average
Variant Extracted (AVE) is in the following table :
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Table 3 AVE Test
Variable
AVE
Role of Government (X
1
)
0.831
Poverty level (X
2
)
0.870
Provision Field Work (X
3
)
0.862
Participation in Development
(Y)
0.844
Development (Z)
0.853
Source : Data Processing Results with PLS 4.0, 2024
Table above state that mark Average Variant
Extracted (AVE) value more big of 0.5 which means
that in a way equality For distribution of data
randomly construct Already worthy used For study
furthermore .
Composite Reliability Analysis
According to (Sahin, Marat Dogan and Ozturk,
2019) testing Composite Reliability is technique
understand the construct model which is from SEM
method created . This matter can seen in the
following table :
Table 4 Composite Reliability Test
Variable
Composite
Reliability
Role of Government
(X
1
)
0.880
Poverty level (X
2
)
0.821
Provision Field Work
(X
3
)
0.762
Participation
in
Development (Y)
0.773
Development (Z)
0.884
Source : Data Processing Results with PLS 4.0, 2024
Table above state that mark composite reliability
more big from significance 0.6, where the data is
scattered Already reliable and reliable and feasible
For used other data analysis .
Analysis Discriminant Validity
In analysis factor confirmatory (CFA) or modeling
equality structural (SEM), analysis validity
discriminant is technique analysis of the data used
For understand difference eq construct between
One variable to variable other . As for results
Discriminant Validity analysis can seen in Table 5
below :
Table 5 Discriminant Validity Analysis
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Source : PLS Data Processing Results, 2023
Based on table above can is known that AVE value
of equality construct more big from equality
construct other meaningful things that not there is
influence between equality existing constructs that
create happen Discriminant Validity .
Path Coefficient Testing
As for the path coefficient test can is known
through table the following :
Table 6 R Square Test
Variable
R Square
Role of Government
(X
1
)
0.885
Poverty level (X
2
)
0.842
Provision Field Work
(X
3
)
0.861
Participation
in
Development (Y)
0.874
Development (Z)
0.876
Source : Data Processing Results with PLS 3.0, 2023
From the existing table , the R Square value of the
variable participation in development can
explained through variable role Government ,
remember poverty , provision field work and
human resource development amounted to 87.4%,
meanwhile the remaining 12.6% can explained by
other variables that are not appear through
discussion in the research This .
Hypothesis testing
Test result hypothesis can seen through table
following This :
Table 7 Hypothesis Testing
Partisipasi
Dalam
Pembangunan
Moderating
Effect 1
Partisipasi
Dalam
Pembangunan
Moderating
Effect 2
Partisipasi
Dalam
Pembangunan
Moderating
Effect 3
Partisipasi
Dalam
Pembangunan
Moderating
Effect 4
Partisipasi
Dalam
Pembangunan
Moderating
Effect 5
Peran
Pemerintah
.754
1.000
.785
.616
.785
Tingkat
Kemiskinan
.664
.734
1.000
.727
.834
Penyediaan
Lapangan Kerja
.758
.785
.834
.765
1.000
Partisipasi
Dalam
Pembangunan
1.000
.755
.667
.634
.755
Pengembangan
SDM
.616
.628
.755
1.000
.758
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Hypothesis
Influence
T-
Statistics
P-Value
Results
H1
Role
of
Government
to
participation
in
development
6,432
0,000
Accepted
H2
Poverty level
to
performance
participation
in
development
5,225
0.001
Accepted
H3
Providing
field Work to
participation
in
development
7,434
0.001
Accepted
H4
Role of
Government
to HR
development
6,530
0,000
Accepted
H5
Poverty level
to
HR
development
6,427
0,000
Accepted
H6
Providing
field Work to
HR
development
7,260
0.001
Accepted
H7
HR
development
towards
participation
in
development
5,205
0,000
Accepted
H8
Role
of
Government
to
participation
in
development
through HR
development
as
5,351
0.001
Accepted
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intervening
variable
H9
Poverty level
to
performance
participation
in
development
through HR
development
as
intervening
variable
4,423
0,000
Accepted
H10
Providing
field Work to
participation
in
development
through HR
development
as
intervening
variable
4,501
0,000
Accepted
Source : Data Processing Results with PLS 3.0, 2023
In accordance table above can concluded that in a
way Partial variable role Government , level
poverty and provision field Work influential to
participation in development and influence to HR
development . By simultaneous variable role
Government , level poverty and provision field
Work influential to participation in development
through variable HR development as intervening
variable .
DISCUSSION
Role of Government Influential To Participation in
Development
Research result state that role Government
influential to participation public in development .
This matter in accordance with study from (Fitri,
Isnen, Ahmad, 2019) which states that role
Government in increase implementation education
public must in accordance with need society ,
where need public will education that can increase
development self will impact on the role as well as
in participate For follow share in help development
a region.
Poverty level Influential To Participation in
Development
Research result explain that level poverty
influential to participation public in development .
This matter in line with study (Purba, Sri Hajijah,
Yustina, Ida and Sudaryati, 2023) which states that
the poorer the population in an area, then will
reduce abilities and knowledge which is in him , so
will impact to decreasing participation public in
help Government For contribute to enhancement
development in frame increase growth economy .
Provision
Field
Work
Influential
To
Participation in Development
According to results existing research variable
provision field Work influential to participation
public in development . This matter in accordance
with research (Apandi, Syaban, 2022) which states
that increase availability field work , then He will
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the more increase ability work and tend Can
contribute in help Government increase role as
well as in development in an area.
Role of Government Influential On HR
Development Performance
Research result state that role government
influential to HR development . This matter in
accordance with study (Fadli, Yusuf and Sarofah,
2021) which explains that Government tend own
high role in endeavor enhancement ability dna
development self through the programs launched
and the policies created in increase capabilities and
development ability its citizens .
Poverty level Influential To Participation in
Development
Research result explain that variable level poverty
influential to HR development . Situation This in
line with study (Saleh, Arifin, Dalimunthe, Ahmad
Hidayah and Lubis, 2019) which states that level
high poverty will obstruct himself For increase
ability work and tend making HR no capable
develop self with Good .
Provision Field Work Influential To HR
Development
Research result explain that variable provision
field Work influential to HR development . This
matter in accordance with study (Napitupulu,
Robert Antonius, 2021) which explains that the
more available field work , then Skills dna SADM
capabilities are increasing sharpened and
improved increase development the self expected
by HR.
Impactful HR Development To Participation in
Development
Research result explain that variable influential
human resource development to participation
public in development . This matter in line with
study (Hidayat, Rahmat, 2023) which states that
the more develop and improve competence as well
as HR capabilities will make himself Can contribute
For follow as well as in advancing development in
a country or region.
Role of Government Influential To Participation in
Development Through HR development as
Intervening Variables
Research result explain that variable role
Government influential to participation public in
development through HR development as
intervening variable . This is in accordance with
research (Yusri, 2020) which explains that the
government's role will be to make human
resources develop their abilities well through job
training and will continue to contribute to helping
the Government in making development in a region
a success.
Poverty level Influential To Participation in
Development through HR development as
Intervening Variables
Research result explain that variable level poverty
influential to participation public in development
through HR development as intervening variable .
This is in accordance with research (Tobing, Ruth
Oldina Margareth, 2021) which states that as
poverty increases, the capacity and quality of
human resources will decrease, so that they cannot
develop themselves well, and are unable to
contribute to increasing development.
Provision Field Work Influential To Participation in
Development through HR development as
Intervening Variables
Research result explain that provision field Work
influential to participation public in development
through HR development as intervening variable .
This matter in line with study (Thamrin, Husni,
2023) which states that the more available field
work , then will make productivity tall
development self improve and become capable
increase contribution to development through
increase in GDP..
IMPLEMENTATION
The more real role Government in enhancement
provision education to society , then will increase
HR development is increasing real and will be make
participation public in development will Keep
going contribute in enhancement results
development . The more increase level poverty and
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reduction field work , then will lower existing and
future HR capabilities hinder to contribution real
society within development .
CONCLUSION
From the results study the so the existing
conclusion , namely in a way Partial variable role
Government , level poverty and provision field
Work influential to participation in development
and influence to HR development . By simultaneous
variable role Government , level poverty and
provision field Work influential to participation in
development through variable HR development as
intervening variable .
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