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PUBLISHED DATE: - 28-11-2024
DOI: -
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajmei/Volume06Issue11-12
PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF POVERTY
REDUCTION IN TASHKENT REGION
Karakulov Nurbol Maidanovich
Acting Associate Professor Of The Department Of Geography And Its
Teaching Methodology, Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named After
Nizami, Uzbekistan
Safarov Urol Xamrayevich
Associate Professor Of The Department Of Geography And Its Teaching
Methodology, Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named After Nizami,
Uzbekistan
Amanbayeva Ziyoda Abduboisovna
Associate Professor Of The Department Of Geography And Its Teaching
Methodology, Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named After Nizami,
Uzbekistan
Ubaidullayeva Shodiya Ravshan Qizi
Master Of The Department Of Geography And Its Teaching Methodology,
Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named After Nizami, Uzbekistan
INTRODUCTION
It is known that nowadays the problem of poverty
is one of the most urgent problems not only in
Uzbekistan, but also in the countries of the world.
Because the better the economic and financial
condition of the population of any country, the
higher their ability to work and productivity. This,
in turn, has a positive effect on the country's
development. In particular, in recent years, serious
attention has been paid to the issue of poverty in
the Tashkent region. Reducing poverty in the
region is closely related to the construction and
development of infrastructure facilities in the
cities and districts of the region.
Main part. In the structure of poverty, child
poverty is singled out, and this is one of the main
urgent problems today. In 2021-2023, the Center
for Economic research and reforms together with
UNICEF estimated the level of monetary poverty of
children in Uzbekistan. In the research it was
analyzed the impact of the social protection system
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Abstract
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on the level of poverty. According to studies, it was
found that without social benefits, the level of child
poverty in the country would increase 1.6 times.
The Center for Economic Research and Reforms,
together with the United Nations Children's Fund
office in Uzbekistan, assessed the level of poverty
among children, as well as analyzed the
effectiveness of the social protection system.
In 2021, 10,000 households participated in the
survey, and in 2023, more than 16,000 families
across the country were surveyed. In Uzbekistan,
child poverty decreased by 7.8% in three years.
According to the results, the child poverty rate
decreased from 21.5 percent in 2021 to 13.7
percent in 2023. The trends in poverty reduction
differ significantly between urban and rural areas.
In particular, the poverty level of children in rural
areas decreased from 24.6% to 14.5%, and in
urban areas from 18% to 13%.
The research showed that the regions with the
lowest level of child poverty are the Navoi region
and Tashkent city, while the Syrdarya and Jizzakh
regions have relatively high levels of child poverty.
In Tashkent region, it has an average level. The
observations show that in recent years, the level of
child poverty has also been observed in the
Tashkent region. The reforms carried out in the
region have a positive effect on this.
In general, this analysis makes it possible to
assess the effectiveness and feasibility of the social
protection system, to identify its advantages and
disadvantages, as well as to propose measures for
its improvement in order to ensure equal use of
social benefits and reduce the level of poverty in
society.
Thus, Uzbekistan is trying to eliminate poverty in
all its forms by 2030, the first goal of sustainable
development. In this regard, active and continuous
work is being carried out in all districts of Tashkent
region based on a predetermined plan.
The Decree of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan № 4804 dated 11.08.2020 aimed at
attracting poor and unemployed citizens to
entrepreneurship, increasing their labor activity
and vocational training, and additional measures
to ensure employment of the population. The
effective work on reducing poverty is being carried
out in Tashkent region on the basis of the tasks and
measures defined. In order to reduce poverty in
the Tashkent region and improve the living
conditions of the population by providing
employment, it is necessary to pay special
attention to the following issues:
According to the natural-geographic direction:
-
Implementation of work to prevent its
negative consequences in the region under the
conditions of global climate change. It should be
approached with the feeling that it is the most
serious problem facing humanity. According to the
results of scientific research, we know that climate
change affects all areas of human life and requires
immediate measures to prevent the negative
consequences of climate change and adapt to new
living conditions. Therefore, in order to combat
climate warming in the region and its negative
impact on poverty, it is necessary to organize
scientific research, to study foreign experiences
and to apply them effectively and in accordance
with the natural geographical conditions of the
region. Moreover, it is necessary to speed up work
on adaptation to climate change in the region. In
this regard, it is necessary to consider the
integration into the national plan for adaptation to
climate change in Uzbekistan.
-
Introduction of drip irrigation technology in
cultivated fields is being promoted based on the
principle of drip irrigation savings factor.
However, it can be said that the work in this regard
is unsatisfactory. Taking into account the natural
conditions of the region and the rapid
development of the climate change process, it is
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required to increase the drip irrigation technology
to 70-80%. In view of the depletion of water
resources, to fully switch to drip irrigation and
other innovative irrigation systems in agriculture
to save water, and increase the use of mechanisms
to encourage it;
-
Soil degradation is a set of processes that
lead to a change in the function of the soil, a
deterioration of the quantitative and qualitative
indicators of its properties, and a decrease in
productivity, that is, under the influence of natural
and anthropogenic factors, the elements are stable
in the ecological system. Deterioration of the
properties of flour, a decrease in its price from an
economic point of view, and a decrease in
efficiency. This can reduce the fertility of the land
and reduce the yield of agricultural crops or not
yield at all. For this reason, improving land
reclamation conditions, providing local fertilizers,
organizing irrigation. Implementation of measures
to reduce and eliminate water erosion, which is
one of the factors causing the process of soil
degradation;
-
As a result of long-term use in the region,
as a result of the exhaustion of the land, the yield of
crops is sharply reduced. It is necessary to carry
out land restoration works and use advanced and
new techniques and technologies. Otherwise, the
area of such land in the region may increase from
year to year. This, in turn, sharply lowers the
standard of living of the villagers;
According to economic-geographic direction:
-
To increase the employment of the
population through the construction of new
service facilities and the reconstruction of
the existing ones, increasing the types of
services in the social sphere in the
settlements;
-
Reducing the level of poverty in exchange
for further increasing the level of
urbanization in the region. For this purpose,
by giving the city status to all district
centers, building new cities and towns,
improving the infrastructure of existing
cities and towns, improving the living
conditions of the population and improving
their financial situation;
-
To increase the employment and quality of
life of the population based on the
improvement of social and production
infrastructure in settlements located far
from the district center;
-
By diversifying industry and agriculture,
launching new industries and thereby
providing employment to the unemployed
population and increasing their income;
-
The construction industry is one of the
areas with great potential for maintaining
economic
stability,
and
the
full
implementation of foreign experience in the
further development of this area;
-
To increase the production of import-
substituting products, to increase the
number of new jobs and to develop a system
of "economy without imports";
-
The development of measures for effective
use of farms and residential estates,
systematic organization of crop planting,
and increase in the volume of production,
and increase the volume of preferential
loans to them;
-
Using all available opportunities to increase
exports while fully satisfying domestic
demand in the region and moving to the
principle "Each enterprise must export its
products"
-
To increase the volume of production by 10
times, paying great attention to sectors such
as beekeeping, ostrich breeding, and cocoon
breeding, to fully utilize the opportunities in
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forestry
-
The development of industries based on
local opportunities in rural settlements;
-
The development of the regional
infrastructure - to speed up the delivery of
goods from one place to another, to increase
the mobility of people. At the same time,
providing people with drinking water and
electricity, with the wide use of green
technologies. These, in turn, serve to get a
high income for the population;
-
To scientifically study the best practices of
developed countries to reduce poverty in
the region, including the experience of
China, and to develop prospects for its
application in the region;
-
The creation of conditions for non-stop
supply of regions with guaranteed
electricity due to reconstruction of existing
enterprises
providing
electricity,
construction of new ones and gradual
transition to the use of solar batteries;
-
The improving the system of providing
medical services to the population,
increasing their medical culture;
-
To further improve the quality and content
of the educational system in educational
organizations, to strengthen the material
and technical base of local educational
institutions.
Accelerating
vocational
training of the population, especially young
people, and allocating enough funds from
the state for this every year. In this regard,
if entrepreneurs operating in the region
prepare a specialist for themselves, launch
a mechanism of state support for such
entrepreneurs.
-
Further development of measures aimed at
providing
employment,
education,
vocational training, career orientation of
women in the province and thereby
increasing their financial capabilities;
-
attracting
unemployed
citizens
to
temporary or permanent activities in areas
of high demand during the crisis;
According to the economic direction:
-
increasing the share of services in the gross
domestic product by attracting foreign
investments in the development of all
service
areas,
including
insurance,
consulting,
engineering,
auditing,
evaluation services;
-
in improving the regional structure of the
service networks of the region, taking into
account the specific features of the
historically established system in the
regions, the specialization of services,
ensuring the proximity of the service
facilities to the places of residence of the
population and increasing their types, as
well as to the population to improve the
provision of social and household services,
to create favorable conditions for them to
live happily and relax;
-
revitalizing promotional activities and
providing them with business consulting
services for the purpose of forming
entrepreneurial
skills
among
the
population;
-
the development of a system of social
security
guarantees,
including
unemployment insurance and workers'
compensation;
-
to strengthen promotion and support of
entrepreneurship among the population as
the most effective way to reduce poverty in
the region;
-
increasing the production of exportable
products based on the support of small
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business and private entrepreneurship
through the allocation of preferential loans
in foreign and national currency. Directing
loans provided by the bank to the purchase
of the most modern equipment and
technologies that enable the production of
high-quality and competitive products;
-
speeding up the implementation of the "20
thousand entrepreneurs - 500 thousand
qualified specialists" program in the region,
developed at the initiative of President
Sh.M. Mirziyoyev. Participation in the
program is voluntary. A total of $1 billion
will be allocated to the program in 2023-
2024. Based on these funds, the
entrepreneur will be given a loan at a lower
interest rate and for a longer period of time,
depending on the fact that he will train a
member of a poor family in a profession and
make him work. The entrepreneur's costs of
organizing and equipping a "practical
monocenter" and vocational training will be
fully covered.
The entrepreneurs participating in the program
are given special tax benefits. In particular, if at
least 20 percent of poor family members are
employed for a year, they will be exempt from
property and land taxes. The social tax rate will be
reduced by 2 times for entrepreneurs who pay up
to 5 million soums. A poor family member is also
exempted from income tax.
- the implementation of the Islamic financial
system and thereby increasing business entities
and new jobs;
- providing comprehensive support to small
business entities and increasing their share in the
gross domestic product from 54% to 65-70%;
- to increase the number of free economic zones
in the region (currently 4 are operating) to 10 in
order to increase economic stability.The effective
use of existing economic opportunities and
resources through the establishment of free
economic zones, especially in the fields of
education, medicine, logistics, service provision.
CONCLUSION
It should be noted that poverty reduction is one of
the most important issues in the current world
economic and financial problems. Among them,
effective measures to reduce poverty in Tashkent
region were implemented, priority directions
aimed at reducing it were developed and its
improvement was aimed at the goal.
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