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VOLUME 06 ISSUE11
35
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PUBLISHED DATE: - 08-11-2024
DOI: -
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume06Issue11-06
PAGE NO.: - 35-41
POLITICAL SPEECH AND ITS IMPACT ON THE
COMMUNITY
Saidkhon T. Saidolimov
Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Uzbekistan
Nurali A. Ulugov
Scientific researcher at the National University of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan
INTRODUCTION
Throughout history, it is well known that speech,
communication, and conversation, which play a
significant role in public relations, have been
crucial to the civilizational development of
humankind. Since ancient times, people have
sought to express their thoughts and ideas
accurately, understand the power and nature of
speech, and master the skill of using it effectively.
Over time, speech has evolved, with its oral and
later written forms emerging and continuously
improving.
Historically, through oratory, the correct and
effective use of words, many political leaders and
statesmen have led and motivated the people. For
this reason, oratory has long been elevated to the
level of science and art and has been studied
separately.
Today, speech technologies and the constructive
role of speech in society are becoming more
relevant than ever. Speech is an important element
in the communication of members of society,
including public relations, and plays a special role
in the sustainable development of the state and
society. As a result of the development of PR (public
relations) technologies, the role of language and
speech is becoming even more important.
It is known that the main criterion of speech is its
content. The science of rhetoric, which has been
formed since ancient times, has gained special
importance in the beautiful and meaningful
formation of speech. Although rhetoric (in Uzbek it
is called oratory) is mainly aimed at persuading the
listener, it has also been widely used in matters
such as seeking a certain benefit in politics and
ensuring justice in court. Therefore, in history,
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Abstract
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rhetoric has been expressed as the art of using
language in an impressive and striking way.
DISCUSSION
The great Eastern thinker, the sultan of eloquence,
Mir Alisher Navoi, also seriously engaged in this
matter. By the time of Alisher Navoi, the status of
the Uzbek language and the art of oratory had risen
to a much higher level. Alisher Navoi devoted the
24th chapter (chapter) of his work “Ma
hbub ul-
qulub” [1] to the art of preaching.
This work discusses the oratory skills of dozens of
preachers, such as Khoja Muayyad Mehnagi,
Mawlana Riyozi, Mawlana Irshad, Hotam Asom,
Husayn Voiz Kashifi, and Muin Voiz.
In the work, Hazrat Navoi put forward the idea that
“Voizlik hushyor kishilarning ishidir, ularning
nasihatini qabul etgan kishidir. Va’zxon shunday
bo‘lishi kerakki, uning majlisiga bo‘sh kirgan odam
to‘lib chiqsin, to‘la kirgan odam esa yengil tortib,
xoli qaytsin. Voiz olim va halol ish k
o‘ruvchi bo‘lsa,
uning nasihatidan chetga chiqqanlar gunohkor
bo‘lur” [1. 32] “Preaching is the work of alert
people, of those who accept their advice. The
preacher should be such that those who enter his
meeting empty leave full, and those who enter full
leave empty. If the preacher is a scholar and an
honest worker, those who deviate from his advice
are sinners.”
Mir Alisher Navoi described speech and its power
as follows: “Language is a weapon of speech. If
speech is unacceptable, it is a disaster for the
language.
Through
language,
a
person
demonstrates his superiority over others”.
Of course, the word is a phenomenon with
enormous power. Yu. Rozhdestvensky emphasizes
that the word is a force that mobilizes, attracts and
influences more than it is a means of disseminating
information and enlightenment [2]. In scientific
literature, it is noted that rhetoric is the initial form
of today’s speechwriting (in English, speech
- word,
writing - write), in particular, the modern form of
the ancient profession of logographer (Greek logos
- science, word, grapho - write)[3].
As A.V. Kulnazarova notes, despite the changing
conditions of the modern world, speechwriting as a
practical direction is based on the millennial
principles of rhetoric, supplementing and
enriching it with modern technologies. The
scientist emphasizes that “modern rhetoric is a
science that includes various methods and forms of
convincing the listener of one’s ideas and exerting
linguistic influence on him”[4].
In his opinion, speechwriting is aimed at creating a
persuasive speech, that is, a speech that can
influence the minds of listeners, change their
behavior or attitude to any event, and is considered
one of the most effective “PR” technologies for
public speaking [4].
A speechwriter must master not only the structure
of the speech he is preparing, but also the
mechanisms of speaking and listening. He must be
able to understand and feel people’s feelings, hopes
and goals, and take into account the role and
significance of each word and sentence. As V.A.
Sukhomlinsky said, “with one word you can kill or
revive people, injure or heal, sow despair in their
minds or unite them around new ideas, inspire
them towards a single goal” [5].
The power of words is determined by their
liveliness and impact. That is why there is a great
demand for words, and there is a demand for
polished speech texts so that they always reach
their listeners, influence their minds and
worldviews.
When writing a speech and using words effectively,
a speechwriter should first of all pay special
attention to the issue of providing the listener with
the necessary motivation and reinforcing it with
the most convincing examples and clear
arguments. Therefore, finding answers to the
questions “why should the listener consider th
e
speaker’s position “correct” and believe it?” and
taking into account his wishes is one of the main
conditions for increasing the effectiveness and
impact of the speech, which allows the speaker to
achieve his intended goal.
In the modern era, political processes are under
great pressure under socio-economic changes,
requiring political leaders and administrators to
pay very high attention to their speech. The
thoughts and speech of any political figure are
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widely disseminated through today’s technologies
and have a strong influence.
That is why, in today’s era of globalization, speech
is emerging as a powerful and effective tool of
political leaders, while the consciousness and
thinking of leaders, the ideas they promote, are
determined by the level of their speech. For
example, Barack Hussein Obama, the 44th
President of the United States of America, has
earned a worthy place among the most skilled
orators in the history of the country through his
lively, highly emotional, and powerful speeches.
Or, take the speeches of Swedish environmental
activist Greta Thunberg, a participant in the
protests. She became famous all over the world for
her ability to deliver a professionally prepared
speech to the same level of audience, using the
power of words and the right way of expression.
Her activism has been covered by major media
outlets around the world. In 2018, 15-year-old
Greta will speak at the UN Climate Change
Conference.
Her
outspoken
criticism
of
environmental protection has led to millions of
people in many countries protesting against their
governments. Greta Thunberg has received awards
from various international organizations for her
work, her impactful and outspoken views, and has
been nominated twice for the Nobel Peace Prize.
The main task of to
day’s speechwriting is to
prepare speech texts by wisely using the infinite
power of words and thereby achieve the intended
goal.
The eloquent, attractive and impressive delivery of
speeches and reports by high-ranking individuals,
state and public figures depends on a number of
factors, and for this, first of all, a whole group of
authors is required, consisting of mature personnel
with deep knowledge, a broad outlook, a rich
vocabulary and high editorial skills. This group
may consist of journalists, linguists, political
scientists, psychologists, art historians and
representatives of other fields. The process of
preparing such speeches is modernly called
“speechwriting” (“Speech” (English) –
“speech”,
“Writing” (English) –
“writing”), and specialists
eng
aged in this field are called “speechwriters”
(“Speech” (English) –
“speech”, “Writer” (English) –
“writer”.
“A speechwriter is like a writer, except he does it
behind the scenes, with more effort and less
praise,” writes Emma Roller [6].
When preparing and delivering a political speech to
the public, it is essential to thoroughly examine
every word, thought, figure, and argument in the
speech, to avoid tautologies, and, lyrically speaking,
to string the words together like “a necklace strung
on a string” i
n order to make it effective,
understandable, and persuasive. This is the basis of
a speechwriter’s work, and it requires high skill
and experience.
The main goal of speechwriting, which is a product
of co-
authorship, is to master the speaker’s
speaking style, better understand his ideology and
strategic goals, help him use the right words, and
thereby prepare a particularly effective speech on
each issue.
The more profound, understandable, and
meaningful a political speech is the faster and
easier it will be accepted by the public, and the
more effective the speech will be.
That is why preparing a public speech is a complex
scientific research and investigation process that
requires the use of specific methods, approaches,
technologies, and mechanisms.
With the rapid development of modern
information and communication technologies, the
national and international media space is
expanding at an unprecedented rate. Today, the
ability of every Internet user to freely express their
views on various socio-political issues by creating
their own content in the online environment, as
well as the openness and rapid dissemination of
information about leading figures in the wide
information space, creates a number of difficulties
in creating a positive image of political leaders.
In this case, the image of a person who occupies a
special place in the activities of political leaders,
state and public figures, and their oratory skills are
becoming increasingly important.
Every society or organization needs a leader to lead
its team. A political leader, first of all, is required to
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know his society well, to deeply understand the
demands and needs of society, to be able to present
himself as a person who provides these demands,
to constantly work on himself and to gain trust in
him [7].
It is clear that the image of a political leader is one
of the important factors that all leaders who want
to come to power or stay in power have to
consider[8].
One of the main reasons effective political speeches
are important is their ability to articulate visions
and inspire collective action. Political speakers can
communicate their goals and aspirations, uniting
people around common goals, by engaging their
audience through compelling rhetoric and
convincing arguments.
For example, historic speeches such as Martin
Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” speech [9] and
Winston Churchill’s “We Shall Fight on the
Beaches” speech [10] are clear examples of how
oratory can inspire strong passion and unity,
leading to social movements and political change.
It’s good
for speeches to be beautiful and attractive,
but politics is not show business. A speech cannot
be about just entertaining or making the crowd
happy [11].
A speech must be effective, effective, and efficient.
It is important that the audience understands the
essence of the speech, draws appropriate
conclusions from the speaker’s speech, and
receives the right direction on life issues.
A speechwriter writes not to demonstrate
intellectual and poetic mastery of speech, but to
reach a large audience, like a director, and to
capture their attention, notes Gwynne Mapes[12].
Therefore, a speechwriter is required to have a
multifaceted talent in linguistics, as well as a high
level of public relations competence.
In general, speechwriting is the skill of politicians
to clearly and convincingly express their ideas,
goals, and objectives to the public. In modern
conditions, speechwriting is an effective
technology for demonstrating a political leader’s
personal views on important life issues that
concern the people, their approach to solving the
problem, their strategy, and tactical actions, and for
convincing members of society of these ideas.
It should be said that the role of speechwriters in
the rise to power and popularity of political
leaders, their victory in elections, as well as their
high influence in public relations, is incomparable.
For example, David Cameron and Barack Obama
are among the famous political figures who gained
the leadership of their party precisely through
impressive speeches [13].
In the West, especially in the USA and Great Britain,
a speechwriter is not only a confidant and assistant
to the number one person, but also a strategist and
ideologist of state policy. Therefore, they are
widely known to the public. Among them, it is
appropriate to mention the names of such famous
speechwriters as Ted Sorensen for John Kennedy,
Ronald Miller for Margaret Thatcher, Jon Favreau
for Barack Obama.
A modern speechwriter is not only a text writer,
expert, analyst, and PR (public relations) specialist
[14], but also an educated, broad-minded
wordsmith
with high-level communicative
competencies.
It should be noted that when preparing political
speeches by a speechwriter, it is important to
effectively use effective slogans, phrases,
aphorisms, wise and wise words, and to bring the
necessary ideas to the public, which gives the
speaker the opportunity to quickly become famous.
This is especially effective in election campaigns,
serving to increase the effectiveness of speeches
several times. For example, the phrase in the
speech of US Congressman Gordon Brown
“America is not just the indispensable nation, it is
the irrepressible nation” brought him great victory
and fame, while the slogan of the 45th President of
the United States Donald Trump “Make Ame
rica
Great Again” gave him the impetus to win the 2017
elections.
Many people also remember the phrase “A lady’s
not for turning” by Margaret Thatcher, the British
Prime Minister known as the “Iron Lady,” which
brought her great popularity.
As is known, political discourse is studied within
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the framework of political linguistics, a separate
direction that emerged at the intersection of
political science and linguistics. It is engaged in the
study of the influence of socio-political phenomena
on language change, as well as the influence of
language on these processes and its laws.
The main term of modern linguistic-political
personology and its object of study is “linguistic
personality (politics)”. The specificity of the
linguistic personality of a politician as a
professional (discursive) person is determined by
a combination of individual and institutional
communicative speech figures. Some researchers,
characterizing a politician as a linguistic
personality,
have
noted
the
syncretic,
multidimensional nature of this phenomenon [15].
At this point, it would be appropriate to recall once
again the essence and definition of the concept of
“politics”. The concept of politics is very broad and
has a variety of meanings.
Politics has long been considered a concept related
to the fields of history, law, and philosophy. The
main goal of politics is to analyze and explain the
meaning of all the principles that society must
follow and that are determined as a condition for it.
By the end of the 19th century, attempts were
made in science to remove politics from the
philosophical sphere and turn it into a separate
scientific discipline. As a result, by the 1950s,
traditional philosophical concepts of politics began
to be interpreted as metaphysical phenomena that
did not express any meaning or content.
It was emphasized that the only and most
appropriate way to reveal the truth is science, and
that traditional political concept should be
abandoned. However, later politics developed as an
independent discipline, encompassing many
scientific and theoretical approaches and schools of
analysis, and became an interesting and rich field
of research [16].
Aristotle defined politics as “the general action of
citizens on matters of public interest. It is also the
art of makin
g people happy,” [17] while Weber
defines politics as “the means of governing or
influencing the administration” [18].
Easton, on the other hand, recognizes politics as a
process that involves the distribution of material or
spiritual values according to political or
administrative authority [19].
Lasswell, in his book Politics: Who gets what, when,
how?, states that “Politics” is used in the sense of
equal power [20].
Based on this, we can understand political speech
as a means of informing the public about the work
of state and social governance, influencing them,
and informing them about the reforms, events, and
political processes taking place in the country in
general.
Political discourse refers to the expression of ideas,
views, and arguments of individuals or groups in
the political arena. It plays a crucial role in shaping
public opinion, influencing political processes, and
defending
democratic
principles.
Political
discourse is used as a means of communicating
with the public and other stakeholders to convey
messages, disseminate information, and advocate
for policies [21].
Essentially, political discourse is about the
exchange of ideas about governance, political
processes, and issues of public concern. It can take
many forms, including speeches, debates, rallies,
interviews, press conferences, and even social
media posts. Its purpose is to convey to the
audience not only the perspectives of political
actors, but also the desires and aspirations,
complaints and objections, and interests of voters.
CONCLUSION
Today, the rapid spread of reliable and unreliable,
true and false news and its reach to all segments of
society requires politicians to engage in timely
political dialogue and use political speeches
frequently. Speeches by political leaders play an
important role in expressing an objective attitude
to events taking place in the country and the world
and in setting the right direction for society in this
regard.
This situation places great responsibility on
speechwriters, requiring them to constantly be
aware of the realities happening in and around the
country and to prepare political speeches in a
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timely manner.
In conclusion, in today's modern era, political
speech and dialogue have become an important
attribute and an integral part of the political
process and political system. Speechwriting is
emerging as one of the effective PR technologies to
familiarize the public with state policy, convince it,
and unite it towards a single goal, to set urgent
tasks and strategic directions for solving existing
problems, and to inform the public in a timely
manner in this regard.
A perfectly and effectively written speech has a
positive impact on human psychology and serves
the development of society in the right direction.
This makes the speechwriting service, which
brings political speech and dialogue to life and
enriches it in content and form, an even more
relevant and important field in state and social
governance and political processes.
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