The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 09-2021
18
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
September 30, 2021 |
Pages:
18-25
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue09-04
I
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‘
ABSTRACT
This article describes the work of Abulhasan Movardi, who lived in the years 964-1058 which made a
significant contribution to the development of the history of political and legal doctrine and the theory
of public administration.
KEYWORDS
Qur’an, Islam, Ahkom, al-Mavardi, laws, government, election, sunna, Imamat, Sultan.
INTRODUCTION
Today, the study of written sources in
Uzbekistan, in particular, the scientific and
comparative study of the manuscript heritage
of our ancestors in the field of public
administration, the collection of scientific
results achieved worldwide is in full swing.
On the eve of its inclusion in the UNESCO
“World Memory Program”, the National
Library of Uzbekistan named after Alisher
Navoi, in particular, in cooperation with the
service "Rare Books and Rare Manuscripts"
published one of the monographs related to
theory of translation on scientific research,
consistent implementation of such research
work as the publication of a research work
"Mowardi's Eastern State Doctrine (XI
century)" was done by Juraev Z.M [1].
The national and world masterpieces published
in 1865-1945 and in subsequent years from the
libraries of sultans, emirs, khans and heads of
state have been of great historical and
scientific significance in the National Library of
Uzbekistan. Of great importance is the fact
that this category of sources contains sources
on political, legal, literary, lexical, and
procedural policy. It is very important that one
Scientific Heritage Of Abulhasan Mowardi: Book “Al-Hawiy
Al-Kabir” And The Development Of Qur'an Learning In It
Joraev Ziyovuddin Mukhitdinovich
Doctoral student of the Department of “Islamic Studies and the Study of Islamic Civilization
ISESCO”, Faculty of Islamic Studies, International Islamic Academy of Uzbekistan; Associate
Professor Ph.D of “Source and Archival Studies”, Faculty of History, National University of
Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theamericanjou
rnals.com/index.php/ta
jpslc
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 09-2021
19
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
September 30, 2021 |
Pages:
18-25
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue09-04
I
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of such manuscript sources is the preservation
of the works of a medieval thinker – Abulhasan
Mowardi.
Detailed information about this scientist is
given in many pamphlets and layers [2]. In
particular, he is defined as a statesman, jurist,
political scientist, lawyer, Islamic scholar,
theologian, mutakallim (scholar of Qur’an
recitation), literary scholar, sociologist, and
methodologist.
THE MAIN PART
Abulhasan Mowardi, the founder and patron of
the “Ahl as-Sunnah wa'l-Jama'ah”, and Sunni
teachings, wrote in many fields of science and
education. He is a scientist who has created a
number of works in Shafi’i direction of Islam,
especially, Qur’an translation, on the theme of
practical-political law, law methods according
to his method. It is mentioned in the verses
that he was a leading scholar of the Shafi'i
jurists, a believing and good scholar who
created a number of works in the field of furu
al-fiqh (Islamic law), which is a practical field of
political jurisprudence [3].
In the Ustuwa region of Movarounnahr, he
taught practical-political jurisprudence, usul al-
fiqh (methods of Islamic law) and literary
sciences for many years in Basra and Baghdad.
Among the Abbasids, Ghaznavids, Seljuks and
the Buwayhids he carried out such political and
legal activities as an ambassador, a judge, a
lawyer, a head of lawyers, and a minister of
justice. He is a zealous and perfect man in his
sect and has a perfect intellect and scientific
potential [4].
Mowardi, as one of the first scholars of the
Shafi'i sect of applied political jurisprudence,
defended his sect, the pure, enlightened
religion of Islam, as a great mujtahid reformer.
Anyone who has read his famous work in Shafi'i
jurisprudence, “Kitab al-Hawi al-Kabir” (“The
Great Encyclopedia”), will testify to the fact
that Mawardi had deep and perfect knowledge
in his sect, and that he was “Hawi” – an
encyclopedic scholar [5].
Mowardi has classified works in all fields of
science. Mawardi said, “I have covered the
science of jurisprudence in detail in four
thousand pages and summarized it in forty
pages” [6].
Mawardi, in the above narration, when he said
“I have summarized the details of the science
of political jurisprudence”, he meant "al-Hawi
al-kabir", when he siad a short and concise
form of the science of jurisprudence, he meant
"Kitab al-iqna' fi fiqh al-Shafi'i" [8].
The full title of this book, which relates to the
scientific legacy of Abulhasan Mawardi, is
called as “al-Hawi al-kabir fi fiqh madhhab
(sect) al-Imam al-Shafi'i (r.a.) and the Huwa
sharhu “Mukhtasaru al-Muzanni” (“The Great
Encyclopedia: According to the fiqh of the sect
of Imam Shafi'i (r.a), "Commentary on
Muzanni's Mukhtasar"). Manuscripts of this
work are available in the Arabic Manuscripts
Fund of World Libraries [9].
This book, which is considered to be the
greatest work in the scholar’s scientific
heritage, is a great legacy that is not based on
the habit of classical commentary, but on the
understanding of judgments on new issues, as
a comparative analysis of different views [10].
It is one of the most comprehensive
encyclopedic sources of the Shafi'i sect. As
stated in the introduction to “Adab al-Wizara”,
which published its first edition under Fuad
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 09-2021
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The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
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2693-0803)
Published:
September 30, 2021 |
Pages:
18-25
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue09-04
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Abdulmomin's research, manuscripts of this
work are available in various libraries around
the world.
In addition to introducing topics related to the
“al-Hawi al-kabir” prayers, which include a
database in an encyclopedic form, the Hadd
and Tazir punishments provide a solution to a
number of issues and problems. It is also of
great historical significance as it covers
financial and economic issues related to zakat,
ushur, kharaj / xiraj, jizya (types of Islamic
donation) and mines. In parallel with topics
related to socio-cultural law, such as marriage,
divorce, and testament, personal, legal
knowledge is organized and regulated one by
one [11].
“Al-Hawi al-Kabir”, which is in the status of a
Shafi'i encyclopedia of jurisprudence, deals
with ethics and prayers, as well as a wide range
of disciplines in the science of jurisprudence. In
particular, the book also contains knowledge
of the method of fiqh (Islamic law). A
manuscript of about 30 volumes of the work is
kept in the Department of Shafi'i Fiqh of the
“Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyya” (Egyptian National
Library) under №82. “Al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya”
Publishing House has published a forbidden
edition of the work in 18 volumes [12,14].
According to the historical data of the
commentators of the later period, Ibn Jawzi in
his “Zada al-Musayyyar” and al-Qurtubi's
commentary on “al-Jami'u li-Ahkamil in the
Qur'an”, Imam Mowardi inherited many
political insights and wise poetic musannifs
(proses). They are mentioned as follows:
“Adab ud-dunyo wa ad-din”, “Al-Ahkam as-
sultaniya”, “Qanun al-vizorat”; and other
books
including
“Siyasatu
A'lam
an-
Nubuwwat”, “Kitab al-Hawi al-Kabir fi Fiqhi al-
Shafi'i” more than 20 volumes, “Kitab Nasihat
ul-Muluk”, “Kitab Qavoniin al-Visorat wa
Siyasat”, “Kitab at-tafsir”, “Kitab al-iqno”
(abbreviated form of “Kitab al-Hawi”), “Kitab
adab ul-qazi”, “Kitab a'lam un-nubuwwat”,
“Kitab tashil an-nazar”, “Kitab al-Amsal wa al-
Hikam fi Tafsir al-Qur'an” (“An-Nukat wa al-
'uyuun”) [13,15] and others.
It was our intention to consider the
development of the Qur'an learning in the
work of Abulhasan Mowardi “al-Hawi al-Kabir”.
On the basis of this divine source, we can read
the doctrines that he served as the basis for the
views of scholars up to his time. In particular,
we can see that they were addressed in the
following order:
1.
From Surat al-Fatiha: 6 times to verses
2,3,5,5,6,6;
2.
To Surat al-Baqara: 266 times on the basis
of verses such as 1,2,2,6,14,37,41…;
3.
To Surah Imran: 60 times on the basis of
verses such as 3,4,7,7,7,18,18…;
4.
To Surat an-Nisa: 38 times on the basis of
verses such as 1,2,3,3,3,3,3,3…;
5.
To Surat al-Ma'ida: 209 times on the basis
of verses such as 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1…;
6.
To Surat al-An'am: 35 times on the basis of
verses such as 6,7,19,27,38,60,68,78…;
7.
To Surat al-A'raf: 33 times on the basis of
verses such as 12,12,17,23,26,31,31,33…;
8.
Surah Al-Anfal: 44 times on the basis of
verses such as 1,1,5,11,12,15,16,16…;
9.
To Surat at-Tawba: 77 times on the basis of
verses such as 1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6…;
10.
To Surah Yunus: 9 times based on verses
such as 15,42,43,46,59,88,89,92…;
11.
To Surah Hud: 5,6,44,44,61,64,64,65,… 16
times;
12.
To Surah Yusuf: 23 times on the basis of
verses such as 20,24,29,30,31,31,36,38…;
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 09-2021
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The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
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2693-0803)
Published:
September 30, 2021 |
Pages:
18-25
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue09-04
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13.
To Surat ar-Ra’d: 5 times on the basis of
verses such as 8,15,21,25,31…;
14.
To Surah Ibrahim: 4,18,22,36,37… 5 times;
15.
To Surat al-Hijr: 15 times on the basis of
verses such as 9,18,24,30,31,39,40,41…;
16.
To Surah An-Nahl: 30 times on the basis of
verses such as 1,2,6,8,10,14,16,26…;
17.
To Surah Al-Isra: 44 times on the basis of
verses such as 1,2,4,7,7,8,12,15…;
18.
To Surat al-Kahf: 22 times on the basis of
verses such as 1,2,8,19,23,24,24,29…;
19.
To Surah Maryam: 1,4,5,5,6,9,10,10… 23
times;
20.
To Surah Ta Ha: 18 times on the basis of
verses such as 12,14,15,17,54,55,66,66…;
21.
To Surah Al-Anbiya: 22 times on the basis of
verses such as 7,15,22,26,47,57,57…;
22.
To Surah Al-Hajj: 49 times on the basis of
verses such as 5,18,23,25,25,25,26,27…;
23.
To Surah Al-Muminun: 18 times on the basis
of verses such as 1,2,4,5,5,6,5,6…;
24.
To Surah An-Nuur: 75 times on the basis of
verses such as 2,2,2,2,2,3,3,3…;
25.
To Surat al-Furqan: 14 times on the basis of
verses such as 8,23,24,47,48,54,54,60…;
26.
To Surah Ash-Shu'ara: 21 times on the basis
of
verses
such
as
56,64,77,90,165,166,173,192…;
27.
To Surah An-Naml: 6 times on the basis of
verses such as 25,29,29,30,31,91…;
28.
To Surat al-Qasas: 14 times on the basis of
verses such as 4,8,9,12,26,27,27,27…;
29.
To Surah Al-'Ankabut: 9 times on the basis
of
verses
such
as
8,14,43,45,48,62,67,67,68…;
30.
Surat ar-Rum: 24 times on the basis of
verses such as 1-5,17,17,17,18,17,18…;
31.
To Surah Luqman: 8 times on the basis of
verses such as 6,6,6,6,15,15,15,15…;
32.
To Surah As-Sajdah: 2 times on the basis of
verses such as 15,18…;
33.
To Surah Al-Ahzab: 61 times on the basis of
verses such as 1,5,6,6,6,6,6,9…;
34.
To Surah Saba: 3 times on the basis of
verses such as 14,24,37…;
35.
Surat al-Fatir: 5 times on the basis of verses
such as 1,12,12,15,18…;
36.
To Surah Ya-Sin: 7 times on the basis of
verses such as 6,39,69,78,78-79,79…;
37.
To Surat as-Saffat: 13 times on the basis of
verses such as 55,99,102,102,102,103, 104,
105…;
38.
To Surah Sad: 14 times on the basis of
verses such as 6,20,22,24,24,24,26,26…;
39.
Surah Az-Zumar: 10 times on the basis of
verses such as 8,9,18,21,28,30,65,65…;
40.
To Surat al-Ghafur: 4 times on the basis of
verses such as 11,46,46,60;
41.
To Surah Fussilat: 7 times on the basis of
verses such as 10,33,37,37,37,37,53…;
42.
To Surah Ash-Shura: 13 times on the basis
of verses such as 1,2,10,13,15,19,25,27…;
43.
Surat az-Zukhruf: 10 times on the basis of
verses such as 3,15,19,22,22,60,71,77…;
44.
To Surah Ad-Dukhan: 4 times on the basis
of verses such as 29,43,44,49…;
45.
To Surah Al-Jasiyah: 2 times on the basis of
verses such as 21.29…;
46.
To Surat al-Ahqaf: 3 times on the basis of
verses such as 15,15,29…;
47.
To Surah Muhammad (s.a.v.): 11 times on
the
basis
of
verses
such
as
4,4,4,15,18,22,23,33…;
48.
To Surat al-Fath: 17 times on the basis of
verses such as 1,1,2,18,22,23,24,24…;
49.
To Surat al-Hujurat: 23 times on the basis of
verses such as 1,4,6,6,6,6,6,9…;
50.
To Surah Qaf: 6 times on the basis of verses
such as 1,16,29,39,39,40…;
51.
Surah Az-Zariyat: 5 times on the basis of
verses such as 13,19,47, 59,59…;
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(ISSN
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2693-0803)
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Pages:
18-25
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue09-04
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52.
To Surah At-Tur: 3 times on the basis of
verses such as 1,2,21…;
53.
To Surah An-Najm: 18 times on the basis of
verses such as 3,4,3,4,19,20,21,22…;
54.
To Surat al-Qamar: 1 time based on a verse
like 1…;
55.
To Surah Ar-Rahman: 3,4,11,27,27,56,68… 7
times;
56.
Surat al-Waqi'a: 11 times on the basis of
verses such as 34,35,36,37,55,74,75,77…;
57.
To Surah Al-Hadid: 1 time based on a verse
such as 22…;
58.
To Surah Al-Mujadala: 19 times on the basis
of verses such as 1,2,2,2,2,3,3,3…;
59.
To Surat al-Hashr: 14 times on the basis of
verses such as 2,2,5,7,7,7,7,8…;
60.
Surat al-Mumtahana: 12 times on the basis
of verses such as 1,7,10,10,10,10,10,10…;
61.
Going to Surat al-Saff: on the basis of
verses such as 4.14… 2;
62.
To Surah Al-Jumu'ah: 9 times on the basis
of verses such as 2,5,9,9,9,9,10,11…;
63.
To Surah Al-Munafiqun: 6 times on the
basis of verses such as 1,1,2,1,8,10…;
64.
To Surah At-Talaq: 23 times on the basis of
verses such as 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,2…;
65.
To Surat at-Tahrim: 6 times on the basis of
verses such as 1,1,1,2,4,6…;
66.
To Surat al-Qalamu: 6 times on the basis of
verses such as 17,17,23,24,40,44…;
67.
To Surat al-Haqq: 2 times on the basis of
verses such as 7.7…;
68.
To Surah Al-Ma'ariju: 6 times on the basis of
verses such as 24,24,33,35,24,25…;
69.
To Surah Noah: 9 times on the basis of
verses such as 9,10,11,10,11,12,15,16…;
70.
To Surah Al-Jinn: 5 times on the basis of
verses such as 3,8,16,17…;
71.
To Surah Al-Muzammil: 8 times on the basis
of verses such as 1,2,3,2,4,6,20,20…;
72.
To Surah Al-Muddasir: 10 times on the basis
of
verses
such
as
1,4,4,5,5,38,38,42,43,44…;
73.
To Surah Al-Qiyamah: 8,14,18,25,36,37… 6
times;
74.
To Surah Al-Insan: 1,2,7,7,8,21,26,26… 8
times;
75.
To Surah Al-Mursalat: 5 times on the basis
of verses such as 25,26,27,35,38…;
76.
To Surah An-Naba’a: 4 times on the basis of
verses such as 8,10,11,14…;
77.
To Surah An-Nazi’at: 2 times on the basis of
verses such as 40,41…;
78.
To Surah ‘Abasa: 27-30… 4 times;
79.
To Surah At-Takwiyr: 3 times on the basis of
verses such as 1,6,18…;
80.
To Surah Al-Infitaar: 8,19… 2 times;
81.
To Surah Al-Mutoffifin: 26… 1 time;
82.
To Surah Al-Inshiqoq: 8 times on the basis
of verses such as 1,2,16,20,21,21,22…;
83.
To Surah Al-Buruj: 1 time on the basis of
verse such as 3…;
84.
To Surah At-Toriq: 7 times on the basis of
verses such as 5,6,7,6,6,7,9…;
85.
To Surah Al-A’laa: 5 times on the basis of
verses such as 1,14,15,18,19…;
86.
To Surah Al-Gashiah: 1 time on the basis of
verse such as 11…;
87.
To Surah Al-Fajr: 4 times on the basis of
verses such as 3,1,2,3…;
88.
To Surah Al-Balad: 13 times on the basis of
verses such as 5,11,11,12,13,12,13,13…;
89.
To Surah Ash-Shams: 1 time on the basis of
verses such as 14,15…;
90.
To Surah Al-Layl: 2 times on the basis of
verses such as 19,20…;
91.
To Surah Az-Zuha: 1 time on the basis of
verse such as 1…;
92.
To Surah Ash-Sharh: 1 time on the basis of
verses such as 4…;
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The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
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2693-0803)
Published:
September 30, 2021 |
Pages:
18-25
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue09-04
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93.
To Surah At-Tiyn: 1 time on the basis of
verses such as 3…;
94.
To Surah Al-Alaq: 3 times on the basis of
verses such as 1,5,19…;
95.
To Surah Al-Qodr: 4 times on the basis of
verses such as 1,3,4,5…;
96.
To Surah Al-Bayyinah: 6 times on the basis
of verses such as 1,5,5,5,6,7…;
97.
To Surah Az-Zalzala: 3 times on the basis of
verses such as 7,7,8…;
98.
To Surah Al-‘Adiyat: 3 times on the basis of
verses such as 6,7,8…;
99.
To Surah Al-Qoriah: 4 times on the basis of
verses such as 6-9…;
100.
To Surah Al-Fil: 4 times on the basis of
verses such as 1,3-5…;
101.
To Surah Al-Quraysh: 1 time on the
basis of verse such as 2…;
102.
To Surah Al-Ma’uun: 1 time on the basis
of verse such as 7…;
103.
To Surah Al-Kawsar: 3 times on the
basis of verses such as 1,2,2…;
104.
To Surah Al-Kafiruun: 4 times on the
basis of verses such as 1,1-3…;
105.
To Surah An-Nasr: 1 time on the basis of
verse such as 1…;
106.
To Surah Al-Masad: 5 times on the basis
of verses such as 1,1,2,2,4…;
107.
To Surah Al-Ihlas: 1 time on the basis of
verse such as 1…;
108.
To Surah Al-Falaq: 1 time on the basis of
verse such as 4… can be seen as addressed
links. Allah knows.
Based on the above-mentioned consistent
research, it can be said that the following six
surahs are not used in this play:
64. At-Tag'obuun;
67. Al-Mulk;
102. At-Takasur;
103. Al-Asr;
104. Al-Humaza;
114. An-Nas were not used.
Using the 108 surahs mentioned in Abulhasan
Mowardi's “Al-Hawi al-Kabir”, it is important to
enrich this work with divine concepts,
especially in determining the place of his
scientific heritage in the development of the
Qur'an learning [15-18]. In short, based on the
above analysis, it is worth mentioning that one
of the sources of Abulhasan Mowardi's work
"al-Hawi al-Kabir" is the Qur'an that was given
in this book. It has already been revealed from
historical, scientific and comparative analysis
that he has referred to the verses of the 108
suras in it 1,162 times in order to ensure the
validity of his teachings [19-20].
The development of the science of the Qur'an
learning from ancient times to the present day
is a requirement of the time. As we have seen,
whenever our ancestors encountered a
problem in any field, they immediately turned
to the Book of Allah, the Qur'an, and the
hadiths, sought its solution to their problems,
and taught us that they had succeeded.
CONCLUSION
Consistent study of these verses from the
Qur'an learning, hadith learning, Shari'a
learning, Islamic law, doctrinal, Qur’anic
language, theological, political, legal, scientific,
literary, social, sociological, philosophical,
psychological, religious, secular aspects means
to conduct research, if its possible to make
inter-galaxy study of the theme. This means
that it is a requirement of the time to explain
the complex issues of the Qur'an learning to
the common people in simple, fluent language.
In this case, it is necessary to study,
understand, to learn the theme extensively.
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 09-2021
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The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
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2693-0803)
Published:
September 30, 2021 |
Pages:
18-25
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue09-04
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2021:
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REFERENCES
1.
Juraev Z.M. "Mowardi's Eastern State
Doctrine (XI century)". – Tashkent.
National Library of Uzbekistan named after
Alisher Navoi. – p. 310.
2.
.دابآرديح
1331
.
4
-
.ج
–
.ص
260
لادتعلاا نازيم
مقر
5936
،باسنلاا بيذهت يف بابلا .
3
-
.ج
–
.ص
90
لود .
،ملاسلاا
1
-
.ج
–
.ص
193
موجنلا ،يدريب رغت نبلا. .
بتكلا راد يف عبط،ةرهاقلا و رصم كولم يف ةرهاظلا
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،هنم .ج
1344
-
1375
.
5
-
.ج
–
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64
.
،يطويسلل نيرسفملا تاقبط
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25
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4
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4
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ج
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1031
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ةيده ،يبلاعثلا يزوجلا نسح
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1
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689
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1375
.
5
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.ص
25
نبا خيرات .
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4
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،مسق
4
-
ج
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.ص
1031
يزوجلا نسحلا دمحم.
ةيده ،يبلاعثلا
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خيرات .
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5
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.ج
–
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مجعم .
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7
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.ج
–
.ص
189
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5
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.ج
–
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416
اهريغ و.
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3.
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12
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