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VOLUME 06 ISSUE06
54
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PUBLISHED DATE: - 11-06-2024
DOI: -
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/Volume06Issue06-11
PAGE NO.: - 54-60
FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL SKILLS AND
PROFESSIONAL INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGIES IN STUDENTS OF GENERAL
SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Abdikamal A. Mamadaliev
Deputy Head of the Department of Vocational Guidance of the Ministry of Preschool and School
Education, Uzbekistan
INTRODUCTION
Today, more than 6.2 million students are
receiving education in 10,104 general secondary
schools in our country. More than 2.5 million of
them study in primary grades, 3.7 million in grades
5-11. Every year, on average, 400-500 thousand
students complete the 11th grade of general
education schools and start an independent life.
Preparing them for life, giving them the necessary
skills to find their place in life is the most important
task facing not only the education system, but also
all other areas responsible for the development of
society.
Research aimed at improving the technology of
guiding students to a profession is carried out by
international and national scientists: Noel
Mwenda, Sh.S.Sharipov, B.S.Volkov, N.S.Pryajnikov,
V.A.Mansurov, O.V.Yurchenko, S.N Chistyakova,
E.V.Gudkova, A.S.Skutin, R.G.Isyanov, S.B.Umarov,
P.Q.Kholmatov,
D.M.Anvarova,
P.S.Ergashev,
A.A.Khasanov carried out by Research aimed at
studying the regional features of purposeful
guidance of students to the profession and the
influence of socio-economic factors V.A. Orlov, P.F.
Anisimov, O.A. Khaidarov, G.F. Shafranov-Kutsev,
S.N. Tolstoguzov, Q Conducted by Kh.
Decision No. PQ-5140 of the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan dated June 8, 2021 "On
measures to further improve the system of
personnel training for working professions", on
approval of the President of the Republic of
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Abstract
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Uzbekistan dated May 11, 2022 "National program
for the development of public education in 2022-
2026 General secondary education in accordance
with paragraphs 22-23 of Appendix 1 of Decree No.
PF-134, paragraphs 7 of Decision No. PQ-241 of the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated May
11, 2022 "On additional measures for the
development of public education" determining
future professions for students of the graduating
class of schools based on their interests and
abilities, providing information on current
professions
in
the
country,
systematic
organization of vocational diagnosis through
psychological tests and the decision of the Cabinet
of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan on
December 30, 2021 "10-11th grade of general
secondary educational institutions This research
work serves to a certain extent in the
implementation of the tasks defined in the
Decision No. 792 on the measures to prepare the
students of classes for professions and other
regulatory legal documents related to this field.
The main goal of this research is to create a modern
online platform for career guidance based on an
individual approach to students of general
secondary schools by identifying their interests.
Through the platform, students' temperament,
intellectual, emotional development, talent, and
interests are studied, recommend suitable
professions for them, provide information about
these professions, and organize online training
courses on teaching modern professions.
The main part.
Today, about 20 percent of the world's population
is made up of young people. In Uzbekistan, this
indicator is more than 60 percent. The population
of our country is increasing day by day. In 2022,
our population reached 35 million (35,271,300
people as of May 31, 2022). 31.1% of the
permanent population is below working age,
58.0% is working age, 10.9% is older than working
age. According to the results of the study
conducted by the United Nations in 2020,
Uzbekistan ranks 71st among 189 countries of the
world according to the education index. Among
neighboring countries, it ranks higher than
Tajikistan (96th place), Turkmenistan (111th
place), and Afghanistan (170th place), but it is
slightly behind the countries of Kyrgyzstan (70th
place) and Kazakhstan (35th place).
Experiences of prestigious, advanced countries
were studied and their work was analyzed on the
electronic platform "Individual diagnosis system"
(kasb.maktab.uz), created as a result of the
research, aimed at identifying the interests and
abilities of students, and helping them to become
suitable profession holders in the future.
According to the results of the study and analysis,
special attention was paid to the development of
new innovative solutions for determining the
interests of students, directing them to the
profession, and preparing them for life in the
future through the new system. (Figure 1)
In the system created as a result of research, the
following were taken as priorities:
- to determine the interest and abilities of students
in the profession;
- vocational orientation of general secondary
school students;
- helping school graduates to choose their future
profession;
- creation of a database of current professions in
our country and around the world for students of
the graduating class;
- monitoring of students' intellectual development
and emotional state;
- to determine the social activity of students (level
of propensity to crime, risk of suicide, violence and
harassment);
- providing quick online psychological support to
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teachers and students;
- integration of a single career-oriented electronic
platform with existing platforms, creation of a
window of statistical data and continuous
monitoring;
to create a foundation for the student to become a
mature specialist in the future and for the
formation of relevant social and professional
qualities in him. (Fig. 2)
In the process of using the platform, it is necessary
to carry out the following
tasks in cooperation with general secondary
schools, parents who are directly responsible for
raising children, and the general public who are
indirectly responsible:
- Orientation of students of general secondary
educational institutions to the profession by
conducting psychological and IQ-tests;
- Acquaint students of the graduating class with
information
about
current
professions
("Professions Atlas") in our country and around
the world;
- Systematization and monitoring of information
on career orientation of students of general
secondary educational institutions throughout the
Republic;
- Nurturing mature individuals by directing them
to appropriate peer or online learning resources
based on their professional interests and abilities.
(Figure 3)
It is necessary to pay special attention to 4 main
components in the organization of vocational
guidance of students.
1. To give students an understanding of modern
professions.
2. A test to determine students' interests, abilities
and professional inclinations.
2-расм
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3. Providing information about the labor market.
4. Practical activities on career orientation
(excursion, meetings with industry experts, etc.).
In order to provide students with an
understanding of modern professions, 302 topics
related to professions are included in the
textbooks being created for grades 1-11 within the
framework of the National Curriculum for 18
general education subjects held in general
secondary schools..
The unique platform "Individual diagnosis system"
(kasb.maktab.uz) that we are talking about today
was created to determine students' interests,
abilities, and career inclinations, and to provide
information about the labor market.
In October-December of the 2022-2023 academic
year, a survey was conducted to determine the
career interests and post-educational activities of
9-11th grade students of all secondary schools in
the republic.
554,000 9th graders and 385,000 11th graders
took part in the survey.
9th grade. 76% of students (423 thousand)
expressed their desire to study at school, 14% (73
thousand) at vocational schools, 10% (58
thousand) at academic lyceums.
11th grade. 86% (331 thousand people) of the
graduates expressed their desire to go to a higher
education institution, 9% (33 thousand people) to
study in colleges and technical schools, and 5% (21
thousand people) to work. 27% of the graduates
(89 thousand people) education, 12% (39
thousand people) healthcare, 11% (37 thousand
people) ICT, 11% (37 thousand people) economy,
10% (33 thousand people) entrepreneurship,
9% (30 thousand people) expressed their desire to
study in social humanitarian, 6% (21 thousand
people) construction, 14% (45 thousand people)
agriculture, service, art and other fields.
In order to get to know the work of professions and
specialists, meetings with experts in the field and
field trips were organized for students, and during
2022, about 34 thousand excursions were
organized for students of the 9th-11th grades to
enterprises and organizations in the field of
production, service and agrotechnology.
In order to further increase the interest of the
graduating students of general education schools
in the profession, 270 professional educational
institutions of our republic held the "Profession
and Youth" open communication month, and
404,989 students were involved in it.
Here, in the process of conducting this research,
the experiences of several advanced countries of
the world were studied. In developed countries,
the development of free career guidance platforms
and sites to guide schoolchildren to a profession is
an urgent task.
In particular, the experience of the Russian
Federation, which is close to Uzbekistan in terms
of the forms of education management, shows that
there are free career guidance platforms and sites
for providing employment to schoolchildren,
directing them to a profession at the level of their
interest, and providing information about
currently available and high-demand professions,
where schoolchildren can directly communicate
with the owners of enterprises and companies,
employers and check their knowledge and
professional competence by answering the
questions and cases presented by them online.
Germany is one of the leading countries in the
world in terms of vocational education. Almost half
of the population has at least one profession.
Vocational guidance in German schools is based on
introducing students to various professions and
types of work, helping them choose a future
specialty according to their inclinations and
abilities. Vocational orientation is carried out
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among
students
through
tests,
surveys,
organization of excursions to enterprises,
interviews with representatives of various
professions and joint activities with parents.
During career orientation, the practice of keeping
a "Workbook" among students is introduced, in
which the student writes down general
information about his family, personal interests,
dreams, and professional interests. The student's
academic performance, test results, and
information in the "Workbook" serve as the basis
for career guidance.
In Great Britain, the Gatsby trust fund studied the
vocational projects and initiatives of 6 developed
countries (Netherlands, Germany, Hong Kong,
Finland, Canada and Ireland) and developed the
main principles that are important for the British
people and show effective results. According to
him, the only career guidance program for UK
students has been developed, the program
includes information about today's current
professions, psychological tests, meetings with
employers and heads of higher education
institutions, communication with employers and
tasks related to their chosen profession in real
mode. makes it possible to choose the right
profession.
There are 8 main criteria for referral to a
systematic career in the UK, which are as follows:
1. A single, clear and stable career guidance
program. Each school and college in the region
develops and implements its own program of
vocational guidance and vocational education.
Students, parents, teachers, governors, employers
should know and understand the program. The
educational institution itself plays the biggest role
in the formation of the program, because the
school better understands the needs of its
students.
2. Current information about the labor market.
Every student and their parents have access to
high-quality information about future learning
opportunities and labor market opportunities. In
order to gain knowledge about modern
occupations and job vacancies and to effectively
use them, the student receives this information
from an expert adviser who has access to a
specialized career guidance Internet resource.
3. Meeting personal needs. Each student has
different needs for career guidance, depending on
their age and individual qualities. Recruiting is
supported, tailored to everyone. The program
embraces equality and diversity while being
accessible to all.
4. The relationship between education and future
professional activity. Every subject teacher can
clearly show students the prospects of learning
and its benefits for future careers. For example,
mathematics teachers provide information about
the various specializations in which subject
knowledge would be useful in the classroom.
Students are given insights into the necessity of
mathematics for analytical, economics, linguistics,
sociology, IT and other fields specialists, as well as
in everyday life.
5. Meetings with employees of employers and
enterprises. Each student receives professional
skills and knowledge about work directly from
experts. In the training program, time is allocated
for excursions to enterprises, lectures by experts
and other activities that expand the idea of
professions, such as developing projects or
working with a mentor.
6. Professional practice-workplace experience.
Each student receives direct work experience in
the workplace. To help determine his professional
destiny, the school or college gives the student the
opportunity to work in the chosen organization or
observe the work for a sufficiently long time. Thus,
the student not only tries the profession in
practice, but also learns the possibilities of
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building a profession in this direction and makes
professional acquaintances.
7. Meetings with representatives of vocational and
higher educational institutions. It is important for
students to understand not only career but also
educational opportunities. They will have
information that is interesting to them about
academic education, vocational schools, colleges,
universities, advanced training, additional courses,
that is, interesting professions.
8. Regular career guidance. The student has the
option to speak with a professional counselor
(school or third-party expert). The opportunity to
talk with an advisor is especially important when
choosing a field of study. Communication with a
professional counselor is open to all students, the
specialist devotes time to each child separately.
Great Britain has accumulated many years of
experience in the rational use of labor resources. In
educational institutions, the main work on guiding
students to the profession was carried out by
professional consultants.
Exactly, the system that we offer is created in
electronic form as an analogue of the "Workbook"
established in Germany, having studied the
experience of these countries.
It is planned to create a mobile application for the
purpose of further development of a single
electronic platform aimed at identifying the
interests and abilities of students, and helping
them to become worthy professions in the future,
taking into account the growing up of children of
the new generation with gadgets.Summary. In
conclusion, it can be said that as a result of the
research, by creating a platform, schoolchildren
can spend their time effectively, help students
acquire additional knowledge and skills, guide
them to a profession based on their knowledge and
potential, eliminate crime and bullying among
secondary school students, and guide school
graduates to modern professions. is achieved.
Including:
- using this platform, graduates will have complete
information on all professions;
- students' outlook on the world, as well as
professional knowledge and skills, increase their
potential in choosing a profession;
- it is possible to determine students' interests and
abilities, mental and family situation with the help
of special tests;
- a base of educational courses will be formed in
the direction of modern professions;
- monitoring of information about students is
carried out in the classroom;
- in order to reflect the student's results in all
subjects, integration with the electronic systems
for evaluating the knowledge of secondary school
students (kundalik.com) and school management
(erp.maktab.uz) is provided.
The important effectiveness of the research is to
combine activities related to the identification of
professional interests and abilities of students of
general secondary schools in the country on a
single platform, to monitor the results and to assist
in making decisions based on them for the further
development of the educational system.
The social indicator of the study is the growth of
self-confidence, status and experience of students
by guiding them according to their interests and
achieving early financial independence. To develop
and motivate healthy competition among students
by conducting various forums and competitions on
the portal. In addition, in order to reduce the
number of criminals and immoral persons in our
society, it will be achieved to increase the
employment of young people.
The most important thing is to reduce
unemployment and poverty rates in the country by
helping graduates to determine their future
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profession. An opportunity will be created for our
young people to work remotely and earn a good
income, regardless of where they live. As a result,
the competition in the labor market will become
stronger, and the development of the personnel
will contribute to the development of the country.
REFERENCES
1.
Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On
Education",
ORQ-637,
2020.,
https://lex.uz/docs/5013007
2.
Usmanov A., "Targeted orientation of students
to the profession is an important factor in
eliminating problems in the labor market in
the future"
3.
Saidov B., Radjiev A. and others: "Professional
guidance: problems and solutions", scientific-
research
institute
for
professional
development and training of pedagogues
named after A. Avloni, methodical manual.
4.
Career guidance work, foreign experience”/
Institute for the Study of Youth Problems and
Training of Prospective Personnel - 2022. Page
11.
5.
https://gtmarket.ru/ratings/education-index
6.
www.profguide.io
7.
www.gatsby.org.uk
8.
www.stat.uz
