Zoology

The article provides some data on the epizootiology of bovine theileriosis, materials from the scientific literature, as well as the results of experiments obtained by the authors on the treatment of theileriosis after the use of buparvalec.

It is known that in Uzbekistan there are widespread violations of the copper metabolism of Karakul sheep associated with both a deficiency and an excess of this element in their body. Both of these types of impaired copper metabolism are accompanied by serious pathological deviations, leading to a decrease in the productivity of Karakul sheep and often to their death. In Southwestern Kyzilkum, Karakul sheep constantly has a disease with signs of jaundice and blood urine

Subjects of research: The group of karakul sheep fed in a various energetic caloric.
The aim and function of investigation: In the condition of new economical trends to work out the effective technological system relying on gaining weight of male lambs separated from ewes in the same year, keeping them, intensifying system of feeding in order to decrease the capacity of lambs in meadows and as a result of which relating on getting products.
The methods of investigation: zoo-tcchnical and biological
Achieved results and their novelty: The high level of rapid growth and fleshiness of karakul lambs is specified with clearly outlines that beginning from 2-2,5 months to feed them with extra food based on a high energetic ration. The weight of 4-4,5 monthly lambs reach 30,5±0,26 kg. The lactation of experimental ewes is higher than the controlled ewes of the I group for 22,6 %, the II group for 23,2 %. Making up 13,3 kg of experimental group lambs’ body (I group) and 14,8 kg (II group) and 47,3 and 47,9 % getting meat, 2,25 and 2,73 % of fat collection shows the highness of meat industry than usual demands and the high efficiency of gaining weight of young karakul lambs. According to the diet-II the morphological constituents of the body’s of the II group extra fed group lambs showed that the inter-balance between the amount of flesh and bones (fleshiness coefficient) should be 0,29 units comparing to the I group lambs, 1,08 units comparing to the controlled group-mates. Beginning supplementary feeding from the 2 period of ewes’ pregnancies will increase the living function of lambs, if there was not noticed any sheer losses, this indicator would make 2,5 - 3 % in animals kept in farm circumstances, comparing to the experimental group-mates ewes’ high birth of this group was lessened for 6,4 % .
Practical value: The practical value of the investigation was seen in the priority in the field of karakul sheep breeding to increase rapidly the male lambs which don’t satisfy the requirements of sheep market, to get a rational use from the energy of young organism, embedding little labour; pecuniary-technical means and finance to work out the technological system of increasing the productivity as well as profitability and efficiency of the system.
Application degree and economical efficiency: The result of investigation is utilized in karakul sheep breeding plant: “Karnab ota” of Pakhtachi region of Samarkand. The net profit received from one lamb of the II group makes 27151,8 sums while the lambs of the I and controlled group makes 19167,1; 10282,6 sums, profitability level constitutes correspondingly 54,1,42,1; and 25, 01 percents.
Utilizing sphere: All types of estate forms concerning with karakul sheep breeding.

In this article, the rapid development of the rabbit breeding industry, the improvement of breeding and selection, and the cultivation of high-quality meat, ecologically clean and biologically safe meat and other products, using single-celled blue green algae, and the use of coarse plant meal to grow low-cost grain feed are discussed.

Subject of research: pure- bred and crossbred heifers and calves of Golshtin and black - variegated breeds.
Purpose of the work: the study of the growth and development, meat and milk productivity and also some biological peculiarities of Goldstein, black -variegated breeds and their crossbreeds under a sharp-continental conditions of South zone of Uzbekistan.
Methods of research: zootechnical, biological and economical
Obtained results and their novelty: for the first time in the researches there was revealed the genetic potential of pure - breed Goldstein, black-variegated cattle? their crossbreds according to milk and meat productivity under conditions of hot climate.
The resuits obtained and theier novelty: Purebred young cavs of Goldstein breed exceeded their analogues of black- variegated and crossbred ones on yield of milk during the first 90 days of lactation, correspondingly 175,5 and 100,5 kg. Crossbred calves while slaughtering at the age of 18 and 21 months gave to 16,6 and 5,1; 21,1 and 7,9 kg more of fresh killed meat, than of their age of IV and V groups correspondingly.
Practical value: increasing the production of meat and milk under conditions of hot climate of Surkhandarya valley, pure-bred rearing of Golshtin and black-variegated breeds and their crossing between each other has a great practical significance.
Degree of embed and economic effectiveness: The results of researches where inculcated into the herds of cattle on a farm “Chjrvador” of Kumkurgan district of Surkhandarya region. As a result of inculcation in average from one cow of Golshtin breed and from realization of one bull-calf (at the age of 18 and 21 month) there was obtained 181,0-252,8; 366,4-447,4 and 446,8-549,5 thousand sums of pure income, and the norm of profitableness comprised accordingly 46,7-64,1; 38,4-46,6 and 36,6-44.7%
Field of application: all the categories of cattle-breeding farms, where there arc reared Golshtin and black- variegated breeds of cattle.

The object of inquiries: pure- bred and crossbred heifers and calves of Golshtin and black - variegated breeds.
The aim of the work: the study of the growth and development, meat and milk productivity and also some biological peculiarities of Goldstein, black -variegated breeds and their crossbreeds under a sharp-continental conditions of South zone of Uzbekistan.
Methods of inquiries: zootechnical, biological and economical
Obtained results and their novelty: for the first time in the researches there was revealed the genetic potential of pure - breed Goldstein, black-variegated cattle? their crossbreds according to milk and meat productivity under conditions of hot climate. Purebred young cavs of Goldstein breed exceeded their analogues of black- variegated and crossbred ones on yield of milk during the first 90 days of lactation, correspondingly 175,5 and 100,5 kg. Crossbred calves while slaughtering at the age of 18 and 21 months gave to 16,6 and 5,1; 21,1 and 7,9 kg more of fresh killed meat, than of their age of IV and V groups correspondingly.
Practical significance: increasing the production of meat and milk under conditions of hot climate of Surkhandarya valley, pure-bred rearing of Golshtin and black-variegated breeds and their crossing between each other has a great practical significance.
The degree of inculcation and economic effectiveness: The results of researches where inculcated into the herds of cattle on a farm “Chjrvador” of Kumkurgan district of Surkhandarya region. As a result of inculcation in average from one cow of Golshtin breed and from realization of one bull-calf (at the age of 18 and 21 month) there was obtained 181,0-252,8; 366,4-447,4 and 446,8-549,5 thousand sums of pure income, and the norm of profitableness comprised accordingly 46,7-64,1; 38,4-46,6 and 36,6-44.7%
The sphere of usage: all the categories of cattle-breeding farms, where there arc reared Golshtin and black- variegated breeds of cattle.

Subjects of research: fish parasites of the Khorezm pond industry.
Purpose of work: The Complex study of epizztic condition of spreading of pathogenic organism invasive diseases of valuable and less valuable fish in the oecologcal system of Khorezm pond farming and Working out some measures of combating against it, taking into consideration local oecological conditions.
Method of research: full parasitological, field and laboratory methods.
The results achieved and their novelty: The complex study of the parasitological state of fish in the Khorezm pond industry has been carried out for the first time and 68 species new for the farming have been revealed. The degree of infection of all the species of fish by parasites was distinguished, there were defined the conformities of change of fish parasite fauna from ecological factors (stream, turbidity, chemical structure of water, season of the year, food structure and fish feeding), the change of qualitative and quantitative structure of carp parasite fauna.
Practical value: The results of the study of pathogene value of fish parasites entering the ponds with the plants, prove the necessity of the regular parasitological control of fish at all the stages of its breeding.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: practical recommendations for the preventive measures in the struggle against the pathogenes of the invasional fish deseases are introduced into the fish ponds of the Khorezm region and its economical profit is 3680000 sums (Acts of use in the production on May 6, 2003, and May 3, 2005).
Field of application: At the higher educational establishments, at the lectures and laboratory lessand, at the fish industries of the Republic.

Objects of the inquiries: Th.annulata, cattle sick with teylcrious, diggcrent chemical preparations, samples of blood of animals, criomatcral.
The aim of the work: To elaborate highly effective means and ways of treatment and prophylaxis of teylerios of cattle on the base of local raw materials, and also to elaborate the method of crioconscrvation of agents of teylerios -Th. annulata.
Method of inquiry: cpizootological, clinical, parasitological, hacmotologicaL
Obtained results and their novelty: The were ascertained optimum dozes and studied treating -prophylactic properties of diamidin, uzbikarb, polyamidin-p at teylerios of cattle and inculcated into veterinary practice.
There is elaborated the teylerios -Th. annulata and established the term of pathogenous properties of teylerios (Patent for invention 1AP 04088.)
Practical significance: As a result of application of diamidin, uzbikarb, polyamidin-p in stock-breeding farms will be healthier from teylerios. The elaborated method of crioconscrvation of agents of teylerios -Th. annulata is used for creation of collection of stamms, at conducting exprimcntal tests and at production of biological preparations.
The degree of inculation and economical effectiveness:
The results of researches arc the base for treatment and prophylaxis of teylerios of cattle. There was elaborated and confirmed by state Administration Board of Veterinary of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
“ The directions on the of the application of polyamidin-p against piroplasmidoses of cattle”( the 5 th of Jine, 2010). As a results of the systematic usage of polyamidin-p every 10 days during period from march till September there was obtained 271 sums of economical effectiveness from 1 sum spent.
The sphere of application: veterinary.

In this article, the importance and possibilities of using multimedia tools in the development of creative abilities of students in preschool educational organizations, as well as effective methods of introducing these multimedia tools are mentioned.

The article describes the importance of nutritional evaluation of feed and its role in feeding farm animals, including horses. The structure of the digestive system of horses and the tasks they perform during the digestive process are also described in detail. The importance of taking into account the above factors when preparing a horse's diet is shown.

Optic communication lines in the modern period of development in the field of telecommunications, as well as to familiarize with the work carried out in this area in Uzbekistan.

The urgency and relevance of the theme of the dissertation.Filariata form a large and widely distributed group of parasitic nematodes that cause a series of very dangerous diseases in humans and animals, which arc called “filariases”. “According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), about 120 million people around the world living in the subtropical and tropical zones arc infected with filariases, with about 40 million being disabled persons, whose disability was caused by lymphatic filariases and lymphatic tumours”1.
Filariata cause a number of parasitic diseases in wild and domestic animals, such as parafilariasis, onchocercosis, setariosis, stephanofilariasis and dipctaloncmosis, and thus cause huge economic damage to cattle breeding and processing industries. This is why it is highly important to identify parasitic nematodes causing filariases, diagnose infected animals and develop preventive measures.
The necessity to develop filariases prevention methods for animals on the basis of the parasitic nematodes’ general biologic life cycles determine the huge practical importance of Filariata for health protection and veterinary science.
To modernize the taxonomy of the suborder Filariata on the basis of the contemporary characteristics of subspecies taxons, which remain debatable so far, is scientifically important for the theoretical parasitology.
Filariata parasitise vertebrates and cause highly dangerous diseases in them, which in the end impede the development of the main cattle breeding industries and their productivity. To develop methods to control filariases and to introduce them into the practical veterinary science arc among the topical tasks.
This thesis will help solve the tasks set in the decrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan -PD-308 “On measures to stimulate the growth of livestock at private and state farms” issued on 23 March 2006 and PD-842 “On additional measures to stimulate the growth of livestock at private and state farms and to increase the amount of animal produce” issued on 21 April 2008, as well as in other normative legal acts concerning this area.
The aim of the research workis to identify the fauna, biology and life cycles of the most numerous species of parasites of birds and mammals - nematodes from the suborder Filariata, to modernize Filariata’s taxonomy and to prevent filariases in agricultural animals.
Scientific novelty of the research workis as follows:
the species diversity of Filariata of birds and animals was eastablishcd, with 53 species recorded in birds and 23 - in mammals;
46 of the 76 Filariata species were recorded for the first time for Uzbekistan, while the species Paronchocerca bumpae- for the Palacarctic;
the life cycles of predominating Filariata species (Aprocta cylindrica, Diplotriaena isabellina, Ornithofilaria falisensis, Onchocerca lienalis, Stephanofilaria stilesi and S. assamensis) were determined in the course of experiments;
the nucleotide sequence 5.8S+ITS-2+28S was determined to differentiate the species Setaria equina and Setaria labiatopapillosa;
changes were made in the taxonomy of the Filariata supcrspccics on the basis of a comparative analysis of Filariata’s morphology, biology and ecology, taking into account the belonging of certain groups of the nematodes to specific vertebrate hosts;
changes were made to the size and limits of the families Splcndidofilariidac, Diplotriacnidac and Oswaldofilariidae, in which Filariata parasitizing amphibians and reptiles were isolated into a separate group;
The separated species were included in the new families Icosiellidac and Oswaldofilariidae, which form the supcrfamilyOswaldofilarioidca supcrfam.nov;
Measures were developed to prevent filariases in agricultural animals.
CONCLUSION
The following conclusions were made from the results of the research carried out as part of the doctoral thesis “The faunam distribution and ecology of Filariata of birds and animals in Uzbekistan”.
1. 53 Filariata species were recorded in various ecological groups of birds. These species belong to 4 families and 22 genera; 46 of the 53 species were for the first time recorded in Uzbekistan, and 1 species (Paranchocerca bumpae) - for the first time in the Palacarctic.
2. 23 Filariata species belonging to 5 families and 9 genera were recorded in mammals; it was established that most of the species parasitise even-toed and oddtoed mammals.
3. The birds and mammals of the biogeocoenoses of Uzbekistan arc infected with 76 Filariata species, which comprises 13.0 % of the total of the world Filariata fauna.
4. It was established that Filariata recorded in birds and mammals can only parasitise in organs not connected with the external environment.
5. By their biological characteristics Filariata arc referred to heteroxenous forms; the class Insccta (Acrididae, Simuliidac, Culicidac, Muscidae) were identified as their intermediate hosts, and 14 bird orders and 7 mammal orders as their definitive hosts.
6. The life cycles of nematodes Aprocta cylindrica Linstow, 1833, Diplotriaena isabellina Koroliowa, 1926, Omithofilaria fallisensis Anderson, 1954, Onchocerca lienalis (Stiles, 1892), Stephanofilaria assamensis Pande, 1936, S.stilesi Chitwood, 1934 were established in the course of experiments.
7. A comparative analysis of fragments of nuclcotdc sequences 5.8S+ITS-2+28S was made to differentiate the species with similar morphlogics-Se/arm equina (Abildgaard, 1789) and Setaria labiatopapillosa (Alessandrini, 1848), and thus differences in the diagnoses of these nematodes were established.
8. Diagnostic characteristics were determined to differentiate Filariata in all the stages of their development (adult and larval stages and microfilariae).
9. Considerable changes were made in Filariata’s superspecies taxonomy. New size and limits were established for the families Splcndidofilariidac, Diplotriacnidac, Oswaldofilariidae and Lcmdanidac, and new taxons were suggested.
10. The composition of Filariata was justified. The suborder consists of 4 supcrfamilies(Filarioidca, Aproctoidea, Diplotriacnoidca and Oswaldofilarioidca), each of which is divided into groups of familiesincluding parasites specific to certain classes of vertebrates. The taxonomy of nematodes of the suborder Filariata was modernized.
11. It was established that filariases (parafilariasis, onchocercosis, setariasis, stephanofiariasis, dipctaloncmosis and dirofilariasis) was a common disease for animals at different types of farms; the infection rate depended on the season and geography. The extensiveness of the infection ranged between 4.8% and 75.7%.
12. Ivcrmcktin solution (1%), a broad-spectrum medicine, is recommended to cure animals infected with filariases; also, filariases prevention methods were developed.

Subjects of the research: orthopterans of natural and anthropogenic landscapes in southcmAral Sea region.
Purpose of work: the study of fauna, ecology, landscape distributions of orthopterans in southern Aral Sea region and development of environmentally friendly methods of pest control.
Methods of research: entomological, ecological, plant protection and statistical methods.
The results achieved and their novelty: the dissertation studies the fauna of orthopterans in southern Aral Sea region. Seventy-five species of 50 genera and 7 families were revealed.
One species of locusts was for the first time revealed for the fauna of Central Asia, one subspecies for the fauna of Uzbekistan, as well as four genera and 17 species and subspecies for the fauna of the southern Aral Sea region. The distribution of orthopterans through landscapes and agroccosystcms was studied. Besides, the effect of the microbiological preparation “Green guard sc premium” on the Locusta migratoria L. and Calliptamus italicus italicus L.locusts was studied and the biological effect was identified.
Practical value:thc obtained results of the study of distribution of orthopterans throughout landscapes arc of ecological and economic importance in the improvement of control measures taken against pests.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the results of the study of orthoptcran species composition and their distribution throughout agroecosystems arc used for the improvement of control measures of pest species. The microbiological preparation “Green guard sc premium” is recommended for inclusion into the "List of pesticides and agrochemicals allowed for application in agriculture" of the State Chemistry Commission of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Field of application: ecology, environmental protection, education, scientific studies and agriculture.

The article provides information on the introduction of modern methods of molecular genetics in preserving the gene pool ofBushuevsky cattle and early forecasting of their productivity, the advantages of using this method. In addition, as a result of research by other scientists, it has been proven that the factor of full feeding is important in the development of the genetic potential of animals.

Scales damage many plants such as apples, pears, plums, quinces, peaches, almonds, hawthorn, pine, poplar and other orchards and ornamental trees. According to the taxonomic composition of the fauna of scales found in fruit and ornamental plants of Tashkent province in Uzbekistan, the number of generations in the family Diaspididae in the fauna is 18 (Diaspidiotus, Diaspis, Dynaspidiotus, Unaspis, Shansiaspis, Salicicola, Parlatoria, Lepidosapis, Lepidosaphes, Lepidosaphes, Lepidosaphes Carulaspis, Rhizaspidiotus, and Pseudaulacaspis), and the number of species was 30. Diaspidiotus (8 species, 26.6%) and Lepidosaphes (4 species, 13.3%) predominate in the distribution of species, while Diaspis, Dynaspidiotus, Unaspis, Shansiaspis, Salicicola, Parlatoria, Leucaspis, Aulacaspis, Aonidia, and Chon. The number of species of the genus Chlidaspis, Prodiaspis, Mercetaspis, Carulaspis and Rhizaspidiotus is monotypic, the representatives of the genus Parlatoria and Chionaspis have 2 species and account for 13.3% of the total fauna. Aonidia, Chlidaspis, Prodiaspis, Mercetaspis, Carulaspis and Rhizaspidiotus genus have 1 species, accounting for 46.7% of the total fauna.

Tadqiqotlarda chet eldan keltirilgan sigirlar o'sish va rivojlanishni sut mahsuldorligi ishlab chiqarish tiplariga bog'liqligi aniqlangan.

This article describes the results of studying the insecticidal and acaricidal properties of UBK-IX-V and UBK-IXE 25% preparations.

In this article, the results and differences in the slaughter yield of the Fl and F2 generations obtained from the crossbreeding of experimental Flandre breed and California breed rabbits with domestic rabbits and the difference in 75 days were highlighted.

Tadqiqotlarda simmental zotli turli ishlab chiqarish tiplariga ega sigirlarning laktatsiyasining kechish xususiyatlari o'rganilgan. Ishlab chiqarish tiplaridan qat'iy nazar, sigirlar laktatsiyasi birtekis kechganligi va engyuqori oylik sut miqdori II guruh sigirlarida laktatsiyaning uchinchi oyida, II va III guruhlarda ikkinchi oyida kuzatilib, oltinchi oyigachayuqori darajada saqlanib va keyinchalik asta-sekinlik bilan pasayib borganligi qayd etilgan.

Breeding of female rabbits with elite male rabbits is carried out by using cross-breeding and mating methods in rabbit breeding. In the mating method, purebred, and lines or crosses are used, in the crossbreeding method, blood absorption, blood burning, industrial and complex methods of breeding involve various breeds of rabbits.

The article presents the indicators of semen production of male rabbits obtained from crossbreeding ofFlandre breed, California breed rabbits with local rabbits in the conditions ofKarakalpakstan.

This article provides information on the use of coccidostatic drugs used in rabbit farms for the treatment and prevention of rabbits infected with eymerosis.

This article provides information on the scientific research conducted on rabbit breeding at the Center for Selection and Genetics, the development of rabbit breeding by breed and color. The article describes the patterns of heredity and variability of rabbits, their use in improving the color of skin and wool, which is one of the useful economic qualities of rabbits when creating new breeds of rabbits. The main characteristics of the genotypes and phenotypes of rabbits used in the experiments of the Center for Selection and Genetics of Rabbit Breeding are given.

Мақолада биотехнология усулидан фойдаланиб куёнларни озиқлантириш рационини биологик фаол микроорганизмлар билан боитиш ва унинг натижасида тажриба қуёнларни ўсиш ва ривожланиш жараёнини жадаллаштириш имкониятлари ёритилган.

At present, rabbit and poultry farms are increasing every year in our republic. Based on this, for the rapid development of the industry, there is a need to strengthen the feed base and the necessary equipment for preparing feed. Based on this, research is being conducted to develop small-sized loaders for the development of poultry and rabbit farming.