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TOPONYMICS OF CITIES NAMES OF FERGHANA REGION
Usmonaliev Isroiljon Ibrokhimjon ugli
Teacher of Namangan state university
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14683868
Annotation:
This article provides detailed information about the appearance of the
toponyms Ferghana and Margilan in such works as “History of Ferghana” by Iskhakhon Tura
Ibrat and “Explanation of historical and geographical names” by Kh. Khasanov.
Keywords:
territory, region, toponym, work, Parkana, tribe, source, Sanskrit language,
annotation, city, valley.
FARG‘ONA VILOYATI SHAHARLAR NOMLARI TOPONIMIKASI
Usmonaliyev Isroiljon Ibrohimjon o‘g‘li
Namangan davlat universiteti o‘qituvchisi
Annotatsiya:
Mazkur maqolada Isxoqxon To‘ra Ibratning “Farg‘ona tarixi” va Kh.
Khasanovning “Tarixiy-geografik nomlar izohoti” kabi asarlarda Farg‘ona va Marg’ilon
toponimi paydo bo’lishi haqida batafsil ma’lumot berilgan.
Kalit so‘zlar:
hudud, viloyat, toponim, asar, Parkana, qabila, manba, Sanskrit tili, izoh,
shahar, vodiy.
ТОПОНИМИКА НАЗВАНИЙ ГОРОДОВ ФЕРГАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Усмоналиев Исроилжон Ибрoхимжон углы
Преподаватель Наманганского государственного университета
Аннотация:
В статье даются подробные сведения о появлении топонимов Фергана
и Маргилан в таких трудах, как “История Ферганы” Исхакхона Тора Ибрата и
“Объяснение историко-географических названий” Х. Гасанова.
Ключевые слова:
территория, регион, топоним, произведение, Паркана, племя,
источник, санскрит, аннотация, город, долина.
The Ferghana Valley, which is one of the unique regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, is
rich in ancient and ever-virgin cities. The toponymy of the cities of the Ferghana Valley also has
its own characteristics.
According to the Greek historian Herodotus, in ancient times there was a tribe called
Parikan in Central Asia. In Sanskrit, Parkana was the name of a small region. Also. Parkana -
Fairy house, that is, “land of beauties”. In other sources, parand (Arabic farand) - comes from
the words “silk”, “silk” (farandkhona - silk house), in turn, in ancient Persian-Tadjik pargana
means “valley between mountains”. Orientalist N. Mallisky believes that parkana is the word
“tight valley” in ancient tadjik.[1] Professor M. Andreyev suggests that in the Rushan dialect of
the Pamirs, parkana means “a valley with mountains on all sides and only one side open”. There
are also legends about the toponym “Ferghana”. For example, according to legends. Ferghana
was founded by the Sassanid ruler Nushirvan (Anushirvan) and the king brought one tribe from
each place here. Thus, people from different places built buildings, They planted crops. Since
they came from different places, people began to call them “Azharkhona” – “those who came
from different households”. Then the suffix “az” was dropped. It became Ilarkhona, which
gradually took the form of Ferghana. The same story is mentioned in the work of the Arab
geographer Ibn Khurdadbeh “Kitab ul-masolik wal-mamolik”. It is also mentioned in the work
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of Khamidullah Kazvini “Nuzkhat ul-kulub” and other historical monuments. We can also
include the city of Margilan among the ancient cities of our country. It is especially noteworthy
that the city of Margilan was brought to the attention of UNESCO and it was decided to celebrate
its 2000th anniversary. Margilan is located in the southern part of the eastern half of the
Ferghana Valley. There is very little information about Margilan and its past history. When it
comes to the topography of Margilan, Ishaqkhan Ibrat’s work “History of Ferghana” is
noteworthy. This work emphasizes the great role of “the poor peasant boyashinlaf, who came
as a migrant from Persia and was a murderer”. The origin of the city’s name is also associated
with the Persian word “murgu non”, that is, “chicken and bread”.[2] In the work “History of
Ferghana” by Iskhakhan Ibrat, it is stated that the city of Margilan was founded precisely at the
request of these Persians, and he linked the founding of Margilan with Alexander the Great. It
is said that during Alexander the Great’s campaigns to the east, the Persians who worked in the
Ferghana region came to his path with chicken and bread. They asked him to build a city. When
the Macedonians asked “What is this?”, they answered “Murgu bread”. However, we know from
historical sources that Alexander the Macedonian definitely came to Khujand during his
campaigns to the east. However, he could not go east into Ferghana. That is why there is no
specific information about the Ferghana region in Greek-Macedonian sources. Only the
presence of some kind of settled population “behind Yaksart” is noted. [3] Some people try to
prove that Alexander came to Margilan with the tomb of Alexander in Margilan. There is such
information about this cemetery in Ibrat’s work “History of Ferghana”: “...There is a burial place
in Margilan called Tsar Alexander, and these are the places where he fell”. A. Nabiev’s book
“Historical Local History” cites information about Margilan from historians of the ancient
world. According to him, the Parthians were once a tribe expelled from the Scythian tribes. The
word Parf' in Scythian means “expelled people”.
Their clothing and language are very close to each other. Both the Parthians and the
people of Margilan were skilled horsemen. They understood each other when they spoke. Based
on this, the author suggests that the name “Ferghana” was not Parfiyona - Parfona - Ferghana.
Sources indicate that the city of Margilan was founded in the pre-Christian era. Although
specific information about the city of Margilan is recorded in written sources from the 10th
century, based on the above evidence, we can say that the period of its construction is more
than 2000 years. Also, Kh. Khasanov, in his work “Explanation of Historical and Geographical
Names”, explains the word “Margilan” in the system of toponyms of Mari, Margilan, Murghab,
and the author of the book writes: “Murghab” can be interpreted as “Double-water”. In fact, this
is not the case. The basis of the names Murgob, Mari, and also Margilan is derived from the
ancient word “marg”. [4] In history, there was also a Margi tribe. They lived in meadows and
watery lands, and Margzor means a forest, green land, and meadow. The name Margilan has
had many forms in history. For example, Marginon. Margilon. Murginon, etc. are among them.
According to the information of toponymist E. Mirzaev, Margilan also had the form
“Marginob”. E. Mirzaev expresses the opinion that the name Margilan is derived from the Tajik
word “marg”, that is, “meadow”, and considers it cognate with toponyms such as Marg, Murgob,
Margon. Margitta. Margub. According to S. Karaev, the Margilan form of the name Marginon
arose later as a result of Uzbek pronunciation. There was also a toponym called Margilontepa
near Samarkand. The word Marg also means “spring” in the ancient Sogdian language. The word
murg, which has existed in the language of Tajik classical literature since ancient times, meant:
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grass, meadow. grass, meadow. that is, meadow, meadow. Also. Murgo in the same form also
expressed the name of the city of Murghab. Marg. The word margzor is also found in the old
Uzbek language, including in the works of Alisher Navoi: marg - grass, a plant eaten by animals.
margzor - meadow, a place where animals graze. It is impossible to agree with the definition of
the words marg, margzor as Arabic in the “Dictionary of Navoi’s Works”. The connection of the
toponyms Margilan, Marginon with the word marg - meadow also has some dubious roots.
Because, if that place was called marg - meadow, weren’t there other marg - meadows in its
vicinity? Also. If marg - grass, meadow. Marg-i-non in Marginon. Margi-non. [5] What do the
components Marginon - non mean? If, for example, Margilan, Marginon, are related to the name
of a tribe named marg. then it can be assumed that the second component of the toponym is
related to the Persian-Tajik - on (yon) plural suffix. [6] In this case, Marginon - Margiyon -
Margon - Margion - Marginon - Margilon, that is, the place where the Margs live, the city of the
Margs, is likely to have meant. According to some legends, In Margilan, there is supposedly a
tomb of Alexander the Great, and his flag is kept in a mosque. Until now, one street has been
named after the king Alexander. Some people assume that the word “Margilan” comes from the
name of Macedonia: Macedonian - Makenon - Marginon - Margilan. In conclusion, it can be
noted that the etymology of the toponym Margilan is still unknown and requires additional
scientific research.
References:
1.
Мирзо Олим Махдум Ҳожи. Тарихи Туркистон.... – Б. 29; Ибратул-ҳавоқин. – Б. 14.
2.
Губаева С. Этнический состав населения Ферганы в конце XIX – начало XX век. –
Ташкент, 1983. С. 56.
3.
Бегалиев Н. Б., Туробов А. М. Самарқанд топонимияси. – Самарқанд, 2015. – Б 28.
4.
Горбунова Г. Кўҳна Фарғонада. – Тошкент: Ўзбекистон, 1972. –Б 15.
5.
Mamadaliyev H. Fargʻona vodiysi shaharlari tarixi (XIX–XX asr boshlari). – Toshkent: Fan
ziyosi, 2022. –B 42.
6.
Эргашев А. А. Андижон вилояти этнотопонимларининг ареал-ономастик тадқиқи....
– Б. 15.
