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CAUSES OF NEGATIVE CHANGES IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND MEASURES TO
PREVENT THEM
Fayzullayeva Nodira
Shahrisabz State Pedagogical Institute
Faculty of Philology, Department of Foreign
Language and Literature, 2nd-year student
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15386280
Abstract
: This article discusses the negative changes in the atmosphere — that is, the
deterioration of air composition — and the factors causing these changes. It also explores
preventive measures, the reforms being implemented by international countries, the vital
importance of air for humanity and all breathing creatures, and the role and significance of
global cooperation in addressing this issue.
Keywords
: Atmosphere, air, oxygen, atmospheric air, biosphere, industrial enterprises,
greenhouse gases, electric energy, green plants, carbon dioxide (CO₂), global cooperation.
Introduction
: In today's rapidly developing world, many things have been changing
since the formation of the Earth's surface. Some of these changes include environmental
transformations, the deterioration of air composition, the rise of modern constructions, the
increase in modern technologies, and other similar developments. However, not every change
is entirely safe or beneficial. At times, these changes can affect individuals, communities,
regions, and even the entire human population. One such issue is "atmospheric pollution,"
which has now become one of the major global problems. The atmosphere (from Ancient
Greek: ἀτμός – atmos – "vapor" and σφαῖρα – sphaira – "sphere") is the layer of gases that
surrounds the Earth and rotates with it. The mass of the atmosphere is approximately 5.15 ×
10¹⁵ tons, which is about one-millionth of the Earth’s total mass (5.977 × 10²¹ tons). Air is a
natural mixture of gases, primarily nitrogen and oxygen, that makes up the Earth's
atmosphere. Important geological processes occur on the Earth’s surface due to the
interaction of air and water, which also play a vital role in forming weather and climate. Air is
a crucial source of oxygen necessary for the survival of almost all living organisms (see:
Aerobes, Respiration).Since ancient times, people have used the burning of fuel in the air to
obtain the heat necessary for daily life and production needs. In the past, scientists considered
air to be one of the fundamental elements of existence. The idea that air is an independent
substance persisted until the end of the 18th century.
Atmospheric air is the layer of air made up of various gases that surrounds the Earth. It
serves as a source that ensures the balance of living organisms and other natural resources.
Atmospheric air gives life to humanity and, more broadly, to all living beings. For this reason,
it differs from other natural elements due to its unique properties. The composition of
atmospheric air includes several gases, primarily nitrogen (78.1%), oxygen (20.9%), argon
(0.9%), carbon dioxide (0.03%), as well as neon, helium, methane, krypton, hydrogen, and
others. Air pollution occurs when pollutants are released into the atmosphere in violation of
regulations, resulting in the concentration of toxic substances exceeding the maximum
allowable levels. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas. It is one of the
main components of the Earth's atmosphere and plays a vital role in the biosphere and
climate processes. In recent decades, problems associated with rising CO₂ levels in the
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atmosphere have been linked to climate change and its increasing negative impacts.The
atmosphere is our life shell, because it contains air, and air contains oxygen — an essential
nutrient source for all living beings that breathe. What could be the reason for losing such a
precious blessing that we rely on every second? Naturally, the causes stem from human needs.
In other words, every benefit often comes with a cost. What we mean is that as long as
humans live, they strive for innovations, and as a result, they may gain a lot, but also lose a lot.
We can give examples of modern technologies that are leading to the negative transformation
of the atmosphere, and we will be able to see how deeply this is affecting our lives:
1. Chemical Industry and Toxic Gases: The release of substances used in the chemical
and pharmaceutical industries—such as dioxins, benzene, and formaldehyde—into the air
poses a serious threat not only to air quality but also to human health.
2. Photochemical Smog: Under the influence of sunlight, car and industrial emissions—
especially nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons—react with each other to form ozone. This
ground-level ozone creates smog that can harm human lungs.
3. Greenhouse Gases: Gases such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous
oxide (N₂O) are increasing due to human activity. These gases trap heat in the Earth’s
atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change.
4. Changes in Land Use: Urbanization and infrastructure development alter the surface
of the Earth, which affects how heat is absorbed and released. These changes often contribute
to temperature increases in the environment.
5. Radiation Pollution: Radioactive isotopes released during nuclear power plant
accidents or nuclear tests can cause severe environmental and health problems.
6. Bioaerosols: These are living organisms or their components dispersed in the air (e.g.,
mold spores, bacteria, viruses). Agricultural activities and environmental changes can
increase the presence of bioaerosols in the atmosphere.
7. Deforestation: Cutting down forests to create farms or pastures—or for other
reasons—produces emissions, as trees release the carbon dioxide (CO₂) they have stored
when cut. Since forests absorb CO₂, their destruction reduces nature's ability to remove
harmful gases from the air.
8. Use of Transportation: Fossil fuel combustion by transportation vehicles (cars, trucks,
airplanes) is one of the primary sources of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions.
9. Agricultural Practices: Especially livestock farming and the use of nitrogen-rich
fertilizers produce significant amounts of methane and nitrous oxide. These are powerful
greenhouse gases.
10. Burning of Fossil Fuels: Burning coal, oil, and natural gas releases carbon dioxide
(CO₂). This gas is one of the major greenhouse gases, trapping heat and contributing to the
warming of our planet.
These are just some examples affecting our lives—there are even more, and some are
even more dangerous. It is crucial that we prevent them, as this holds vital importance not
only for us humans but for all living creatures. They say there’s nothing a human cannot do—
and indeed, just as humans have created this danger, they also have the power to prevent it.
However, this requires great effort, and that effort begins with a small step. To reduce the
presence of toxic substances in the air, let’s look at some possible approaches:
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1. Saving Energy at Home: To reduce energy consumption, it is recommended to lower
heating and cooling use, switch to LED light bulbs, and use energy-efficient household
appliances.
2. Changing the Source of Home Energy: Switching home energy sources—for example,
replacing gas or coal with renewable energy sources like solar or wind—can help reduce
environmental impact.
3. Walk, Ride a Bicycle, or Use Public Transport: By walking or cycling instead of driving
a car, you reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve your health. For longer trips,
consider taking a train or a bus.
4. Switch to Electric Vehicles :If you're planning to buy a new car, consider choosing an
electric vehicle as it is eco-friendly and results in less pollution.
5. Increase the Green Plant World : Increase the number of trees and flowers, and
protect and expand existing forests.
6. Reduce Purchases of Electronics, Clothing, and Other Goods :The production of
electronics, clothing, and other goods generates carbon dioxide emissions. Buy fewer items,
purchase second-hand goods, repair existing items, and recycle.
7. Consume More Vegetables :Eating more vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes,
nuts, and seeds, while reducing meat and dairy products, can significantly reduce your
environmental impact.
8. Waste Less Food :When you waste food, you are also wasting the resources and
energy used to grow, produce, package, and transport it. When food ends up in landfills, it
releases methane, a potent greenhouse gas.
Preventing Air Pollution Worldwide Requires Global Cooperation Global cooperation is
the process of countries, organizations, and communities working together to achieve
common goals, pooling resources, and finding solutions to problems. Global cooperation is
crucial in preventing the negative changes in the atmosphere, as this issue is not limited to
one country or region but must be addressed globally. Therefore, many measures are being
implemented with a mutual agreement to improve atmospheric conditions. These reforms are
important steps in solving ecological problems. These steps include transitioning to
renewable energy sources, reducing pollution in industry and transportation, reducing
greenhouse gases through international agreements, and enhancing environmental education.
These measures aim to improve air quality and prevent climate change. Furthermore, it has
been recognized that through global cooperation and the introduction of innovative
technologies, significant progress can be made in environmental protection. Reforms have
already begun in this regard.The negative changes in the composition of the Earth's air are
caused by every individual, and thus the solution requires both collective and individual
action. The real negative situations we face in our daily lives are increasing, for example, it has
been proven that in developed countries, environmental pollution is caused by toxic
substances emitted by automobile engines.In some capitalist countries, such as Japan, due to
the large number of automobiles, police officers managing traffic are forced to change their
oxygen masks every 2 hours. This is why experts refer to cars as "chemical factories on
wheels." The exhaust gases emitted by car engines contain carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide,
aldehydes, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and lead compounds, which negatively affect
human health. Carbon monoxide binds with hemoglobin in the blood, reducing its ability to
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carry oxygen. Lead compounds, passing through the respiratory system, damage the heart and
blood vessels.
Conclusion:
To prevent the negative changes in the atmosphere, every individual and
society must take responsibility. Measures such as developing green technologies, reducing
industrial waste, making transportation environmentally friendly, and preserving forests will
help prevent and mitigate atmospheric changes. These actions are not only vital for
conserving natural resources but are also crucial for the future of humanity. Therefore, the
most effective way to preserve the atmosphere and prevent its negative changes is through
global cooperation and responsible approaches.
References:
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