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schwa, they were transcribed as ´ in order to distinguish them from eh. Glottal clicks and guttural
sounds were also included in this category.
b) Vowel and consonant lengthening‗s
Although not included in the reference taxonomy, the category of vowel and consonant
lengthenings is not new in studies on non-fluencies (see Magno Caldognetto, Vagges & Job
1983). These occurrences were included in the taxonomy because they are typical of
spontaneous speech and by virtue of their high incidence in the interpreters‘ deliveries.
C) Interruptions
Interruptions include many types of occurrences and sometimes it may be difficult to
decide in which category they have to be ranged. In such cases an expert was asked for advice.
References:
1.
Cecot M. (2000): Pause in interpretazione simultanea: analisi contrastiva di prestazioni
di interpreti professisti, unpublished dissertation, Trieste, SSLMIT, Università degli Studi di
Trieste;
2. Duez D. (1982): ―Silent and non-silent pauses in three speech styles‖ in Language and
Speech, vol. 25, part 1, pp. 11-28;
3.Gee J.P. and Grosjean F. (1983): ―Performance structures: a psycholinguistic and
linguistic appraisal‖, in Cognitive Psychology 15, pp. 411-458.
4. Magno Caldognetto, Vagges & Job 1983.
SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY AND THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING SELF-
MOTIVATED
Alimkulova Hulkar Tolibovna
Jizzakh branch of the National University of Uzbekistan
Abduvakhobova Nodirabegim Abdivakhid qizi
Jizzakh branch of the National University of Uzbekistan
Abstract:
Self-determination and motivation are important life skills. The reason it‘s
important is because every person on this earth has their own sentimental value and courage to
work towards their desired goals. So, both of two phrases mentioned above help people to focus
and make a commitment to seeing their goal accomplished and so on.
Key words:
self-determination theory, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, important life
skill.
Self-determination is assumed the most important spiritual concept that gives a broad
insight of human motivation and personality. Much of the research guided by SDT ( Ryan and
Deci) who first introduced their ideas in their 1985 book
Self-Determination and Intrinsic
Motivation in Human Behavior.
Both of SDT ( Ryan and Deci) experts developed a theory of
two motivational assumptions as follows:
1. The need for growth drives behavior.
The first perception of self-determination is that people could develop a self-concept by
gaining mastery over challenges and experiencing new things.
There are no great challenges
which ordinary people rise to meet.
(William Frederick Halsey, J.R)
2.Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation.
Extrinsic Motivation Intrinsic Motivation
-from outside you -comes from within
-grading system -drives towards action
-external rewards such as and growth
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money, acclaim, prizes,
the respect and admiration of
others
In psychology, there is a huge gap between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. As is said
in ― Introduction to Psychology: Gateway to Mind and Behavior with Concept Maps,‖ the others
offer a definition ― Intrinsic motivation occurs when we act without any obvious external
rewards. We simply enjoy an activity or see it as an opportunity to explore, learn and actually
our potentials ―. Moreover, basic factors which include ―Challenge‖, ―Self-control‖,
―Cooperation and competition‖, ―Curiosity‖ and ― Recognition‖ are the main identification of
Intrinsic Motivation. On the other hand, people who are extrinsically motivated may engage in a
behavior to avoid being judged, punishments or negative outcomes. For example, if children
cleand and tidy their rooms, they could receive praise or reward from their parents. Both of
autonomous motivation are relevant in our life. The more we learn and practice, the more skilled
and self-determined we will likely feel.
The topic of self-motivation is however, is far from simple. Motivation is an enternal
process. Whether we define it as a drive or a need, motivation is a conduction inside us that
desires change, either in the self or the environment. When we tap into this well of energy,
motivation endows the person with the drive and direction needed to engage with environment in
an adoptive, open-ended, and problem-solving sort of way (Reeve,2015). The ability to
motivateyourself-self-motivation-is an important skill. It pushes us to achieve our goals and does
not let us depend on others and drives us tap our strengths. The best way to explain it is to show
what it looks like in everyday life as follows.
-achieving our goals
-health
-good mood
-satisfaction from our work
-having family and bossom friends
There is a considerable evidence why they are important for our general well-being.
―If you want to live a happy life, tie it to a goal, not to people or things‖
Albert Eistein
It certainly makes sense that most of us must have something in our lives to aim by
growing spiritually, mentally, financially, psychally.
In general, the famous Danish philosopher Grundtvig once said:‖ Man has not lived,
before he learns about the things he once did not appreciate‖. It can be seen that motivation and
self-determination are strongly connected. Some gifted students may be intrinsically motivated,
while others others may be extrinsically motivated. All inner feelings related triumph which
entail competence, autonomy, perception, persistence, relatedness, also play indispensable role in
achieving something truly important and the level of motivation and performance expected.
References:
1. ―Self-determination Theory‖ Lisa Legault, Clarkson University, Postdam, NY, USA
2.www.cousehero.com
3.www.verywellmind.com
4. PositivaPsychology.com
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ НЕТРАДИЦИОННЫХ МЕТОДОВ ДЛЯ ЧТЕНИЯ
ТЕКСТОВ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ЖАНРОВ
Буранова Мадина Уктамовна
Старший преподаватель кафедры ―Английского языка и
литературы‖ Самаркандский государственный
