Acumen:
International Journal of
Multidisciplinary Research
ISSN: 3060-4745
IF(Impact Factor)10.41 / 2024
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Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
FORENSIC MEDICAL EXAMINATION OF SEVERE BODILY
INJURY IN LIVING PEOPLE
Lochinov Farhod Nazarovich
Senior Lecturer, Department of Forensic Medicine and Medical Law, Tashkent
Medical Academy; Candidate of Medical Sciences;
Ganieva Nilufar Khamroevna
Senior Lecturer, Department of Forensic Medicine and Medical Law, Tashkent
Medical Academy;
Akhmedov Zafar Khamroevich
Assistant, Department of Forensic Medicine and Medical Law, Tashkent Medical
Academy
Kholiyorov Navruzjon
Assistant, Department of Forensic Medicine and Medical Law, Tashkent Medical
Academy
Abstract:
The expert conclusions conducted at the Kibray District Department of the
Tashkent Regional Branch of the Republican Scientific-Practical Center of Forensic
Medical Examination regarding the identification of severe bodily injuries during the
years 2020–2021–2022 were studied, and statistical indicators were analyzed.
Keywords:
Severe degree, bodily injury, living individuals.
Relevance of the topic:
In the Republic of Uzbekistan, the rule of law is
recognized as one of the fundamental principles of the country's development. In the
activities of law enforcement agencies, when the issue concerns human health, life, or
death, particularly in cases of serious crimes such as murder, sexual assault, intentional
bodily harm, and traffic accidents, conducting forensic medical examinations is of great
importance in resolving questions regarding the presence of bodily injuries, their
location, mechanism of occurrence, duration, and severity.
Although the forensic medical examination service is part of the healthcare
system, its main function is to resolve medical and biological issues that arise during
the investigation and judicial proceedings of criminal and civil cases — that is, to
conduct forensic medical examinations.
Acumen:
International Journal of
Multidisciplinary Research
ISSN: 3060-4745
IF(Impact Factor)10.41 / 2024
Volume 2, Issue 4
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Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
At present, it is of great importance for forensic medical institutions to develop
recommendations aimed at improving the quality of medical assistance provided to the
population based on examination materials, and at preventing various forms of trauma,
poisoning, sudden death, and other accidents.
In criminal law, the concept of bodily injury refers to harm caused to a person's
health as a result of unlawful actions committed intentionally or through negligence.
Accordingly, in forensic medicine, bodily injury is assessed as a disruption of the
anatomical integrity or physiological function of an organ or tissue of the div due to
an external influence that leads to health impairment or death. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
In forensic medical practice in general, and particularly in the examination of
corpses and living individuals, mechanical injuries occupy a leading position. In recent
years, mechanical injuries have ranked after cardiovascular and oncological diseases
in the structure of causes of death. Across all countries of the world, there has been a
growing trend in recent years of an increase in injuries and, in particular, in the share
of cases involving complex trauma. [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
According to statistical data, in 2022, a total of 179,585 forensic examinations
related to bodily injuries in living individuals were conducted across the Republic. Of
these, 11,409 cases were identified as involving
severe bodily injuries
, 13,726 cases
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International Journal of
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ISSN: 3060-4745
IF(Impact Factor)10.41 / 2024
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as
moderate bodily injuries
, and 23,149 cases as
minor injuries resulting in short-
term health impairment
. In 97,290 cases,
slight bodily injuries
were diagnosed. In
28,002 cases,
no bodily injury
was identified. In 226 cases, the
severity of the injury
could not be determined.
Research Objective:
To conduct a forensic medical evaluation of cases
involving severe bodily injuries among living individuals based on forensic medical
examination materials, by means of investigation and statistical analysis.
Results and Discussion:
Expert conclusions related to the identification of
severe bodily injuries, conducted in 2020–2021–2022 at the Qibray District Branch of
the Tashkent Regional Department of the Republican Scientific-Practical Center of
Forensic Medical Examination, were studied and statistical indicators were analyzed.
In 2020, a total of 993 forensic medical examinations related to living individuals
were conducted. Among all conducted examinations, 973 (98.0%) were related to
bodily injuries, of which 71 (7.3%) were identified as severe bodily injuries.
Specifically, of these severe injuries, 24 cases (33.8%) were determined based on signs
of life-threatening conditions, and 47 cases (66.2%) were based on signs of permanent
loss of more than thirty-three percent of general working capacity. Of these, 58 cases
(81.7%) were caused by blunt objects and 13 cases (18.3%) by sharp objects. No severe
bodily injuries caused by firearms were recorded. Among the injuries, 41 cases (57.7%)
resulted from traffic accidents, 3 cases (4.2%) from industrial accidents, 19 cases
(26.8%) from domestic incidents, and 8 cases (11.3%) occurred in public places.
Regarding the anatomical regions of the injuries: in 28 cases (39.4%) the injuries
involved the head and brain, in 10 cases (14.1%) the chest organs, in 12 cases (16.9%)
the abdominal organs, in 3 cases (4.2%) the pelvic organs, and in 18 cases (25.4%) the
bones of the limbs.
Severe bodily injuries were found in 61 cases (85.9%) among males and 10 cases
(14.1%) among females.
When analyzed by age:
•
3 cases (4.2%) were in the 0–7 age group,
•
4 cases (5.6%) in the 7–12 age group,
•
4 cases (5.6%) in the 12–18 age group,
•
15 cases (21.1%) in the 18–30 age group,
•
17 cases (23.9%) in the 30–40 age group,
•
16 cases (22.5%) in the 40–50 age group,
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International Journal of
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•
11 cases (15.6%) in the 50–60 age group,
•
and 1 case (1.5%) was above 60 years old.
Seasonal analysis showed that 24 cases (33.8%) occurred in winter, 16 cases
(22.5%) in spring, 12 cases (16.9%) in summer, and 19 cases (26.8%) in autumn.
In 2021, a total of 1,294 forensic medical examinations related to living
individuals were conducted. Among all conducted examinations, 1,259 (97.3%) were
related to bodily injuries, of which 100 (7.9%) were identified as severe bodily injuries.
Specifically, among these severe injuries, 24 cases (24.0%) were determined based on
signs of life-threatening conditions, and 76 cases (76.0%) were based on signs of
permanent loss of more than thirty-three percent of general working capacity. Of these,
92 cases (92.0%) were caused by blunt objects and 8 cases (8.0%) by sharp objects. No
severe bodily injuries caused by firearms were recorded.
Among the injuries, 41 cases (41.0%) resulted from traffic accidents, 6 cases
(6.0%) from industrial accidents, 18 cases (18.0%) from domestic incidents, and 35
cases (35.0%) occurred in public places.
Regarding the anatomical regions of the injuries: in 38 cases (38.0%) the injuries
involved the head and brain, in 15 cases (15.0%) the chest organs, in 12 cases (12.0%)
the abdominal organs, in 6 cases (6.0%) the pelvic organs, and in 29 cases (29.0%) the
bones of the limbs.
Severe bodily injuries were found in 72 cases (72.0%) among males and 28 cases
(28.0%) among females.
When analyzed by age:
•
3 cases (3.0%) were in the 0–7 age group,
•
4 cases (4.0%) in the 7–12 age group,
•
7 cases (7.0%) in the 12–18 age group,
•
22 cases (22.0%) in the 18–30 age group,
•
29 cases (29.0%) in the 30–40 age group,
•
18 cases (18.0%) in the 40–50 age group,
•
12 cases (12.0%) in the 50–60 age group,
•
and 5 cases (5.0%) were above 60 years old.
Seasonal analysis showed that 29 cases (29.0%) occurred in winter, 18 cases
(18.0%) in spring, 32 cases (32.0%) in summer, and 21 cases (21.0%) in autumn.
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International Journal of
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ISSN: 3060-4745
IF(Impact Factor)10.41 / 2024
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In 2022, a total of 1,083 forensic medical examinations related to living
individuals were conducted. Among all conducted examinations, 1,052 (97.1%) were
related to bodily injuries, of which 101 (9.6%) were identified as severe bodily injuries.
Specifically, among these severe injuries, 37 cases (36.6%) were determined based on
signs of life-threatening conditions, and 64 cases (63.4%) were based on signs of
permanent loss of more than thirty-three percent of general working capacity. Of these,
91 cases (90.1%) were caused by blunt objects and 10 cases (9.9%) by sharp objects.
No severe bodily injuries caused by firearms were recorded. Among the injuries, 56
cases (55.4%) resulted from traffic accidents, 7 cases (6.9%) from industrial accidents,
20 cases (19.8%) from domestic incidents, and 18 cases (17.9%) occurred in public
places. Regarding the anatomical regions of the injuries: in 37 cases (36.6%) the
injuries involved the head and brain, in 17 cases (16.8%) the chest organs, in 10 cases
(9.9%) the abdominal organs, in 9 cases (8.9%) the pelvic organs, and in 28 cases
(27.7%) the bones of the limbs.
Severe bodily injuries were found in 74 cases (73.3%) among males and 27 cases
(26.7%) among females.
When analyzed by age:
•
4 cases (4.0%) were in the 0–7 age group,
•
7 cases (6.9%) in the 7–12 age group,
•
8 cases (7.9%) in the 12–18 age group,
•
31 cases (30.7%) in the 18–30 age group,
•
23 cases (22.7%) in the 30–40 age group,
•
12 cases (11.9%) in the 40–50 age group,
•
11 cases (10.9%) in the 50–60 age group,
•
and 5 cases (5.0%) were above 60 years old.
Seasonal analysis showed that 34 cases (33.7%) occurred in winter, 18 cases
(17.8%) in spring, 21 cases (20.8%) in summer, and 28 cases (27.7%) in autumn.
According to the analysis results, a total of 3,370 forensic medical examinations
related to living individuals were conducted over the past three years. Among all the
conducted examinations, 3,284 (97.4%) were related to bodily injuries, of which 272
(8.3%) were identified as severe bodily injuries. Specifically, among these severe
injuries, 85 cases (31.3%) were determined based on signs of life-threatening
conditions, and 187 cases (68.0%) were based on signs of permanent loss of more than
thirty-three percent of general working capacity. Of these, 241 cases (88.6%) were
caused by blunt objects, and 31 cases (11.4%) by sharp objects. No severe bodily
Acumen:
International Journal of
Multidisciplinary Research
ISSN: 3060-4745
IF(Impact Factor)10.41 / 2024
Volume 2, Issue 4
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Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
injuries caused by firearms were recorded. Among the injuries, 138 cases (50.7%)
resulted from traffic accidents, 16 cases (5.9%) from industrial accidents, 57 cases
(21.0%) from domestic incidents, and 61 cases (22.4%) occurred in public places.
Regarding the anatomical regions of the injuries: in 103 cases (37.8%) the injuries
involved the head and brain, in 42 cases (15.4%) the chest organs, in 34 cases (12.5%)
the abdominal organs, in 18 cases (6.7%) the pelvic organs, and in 75 cases (27.6%)
the bones of the limbs.
Severe bodily injuries were found in 207 cases (76.1%) among males and 65 cases
(23.9%) among females.
When analyzed by age:
•
10 cases (3.7%) were in the 0–7 age group,
•
15 cases (5.5%) in the 7–12 age group,
•
19 cases (7.0%) in the 12–18 age group,
•
68 cases (25.0%) in the 18–30 age group,
•
69 cases (25.4%) in the 30–40 age group,
•
46 cases (16.9%) in the 40–50 age group,
•
34 cases (12.5%) in the 50–60 age group,
•
and 11 cases (4.0%) were above 60 years old.
Seasonal analysis showed that 87 cases (32.0%) occurred in winter, 52 cases (19.1%)
in spring, 65 cases (23.9%) in summer, and 68 cases (25.0%) in autumn.
Based on the above data, it was determined that 97.4% of all forensic medical
examinations assigned for living individuals were conducted in relation to bodily
injuries, of which 8.3% concerned severe bodily injuries. In particular, 31.3% of the
severe injuries were identified based on life-threatening signs, and 68.0% were
determined based on signs of permanent loss of more than thirty-three percent of
general working capacity. Of these injuries, 88.6% were caused by blunt objects, and
11.4% by sharp objects. No cases of severe bodily injuries caused by firearms were
recorded. The majority of the injuries were due to traffic-related trauma. When
analyzing the anatomical distribution of the injuries, it was found that in 37.8% of the
cases, the head and brain were affected. Furthermore, 76.1% of the severe injuries were
observed in males, particularly among individuals aged 18–30 (25.0%) and 30–40
(25.4%). The highest incidence of injuries was recorded during the winter (32.0%) and
spring (19.1%) seasons.
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International Journal of
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ISSN: 3060-4745
IF(Impact Factor)10.41 / 2024
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Conclusion
: Based on the above, to prevent unfortunate events related to severe
bodily injuries, it is crucial to study the factors contributing to such incidents and
develop preventive measures. These measures should involve regular awareness
campaigns on various forms of trauma at local communities, workplaces, schools, and
higher education institutions. Cooperation with law enforcement agencies and
healthcare workers is vital to ensure effective implementation.
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International Journal of
Multidisciplinary Research
ISSN: 3060-4745
IF(Impact Factor)10.41 / 2024
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