American Journal Of Philological Sciences
26
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue01 2025
PAGE NO.
26-28
10.37547/ajps/Volume05Issue01-07
Folklore text as an object of linguistic research in
philology
Temirbaeva Madina
KSU, Assistant of the Department of Journalism, Uzbekistan
Received:
26 October 2024;
Accepted:
28 December 2024;
Published:
18 January 2025
Abstract:
The study of the language of folklore works complements the theoretical questions of linguofolkloristics.
This article discusses the importance of studying folklore texts in the linguistic direction. Works dedicated to the
study of the language of folklore works in Russian and Turkic languages have been analyzed. The question of the
relationship between language and culture is considered.
Keywords:
Turkology, folklore text, linguoculturology, concept, cognitive activity.
Introduction:
The need for scientific study of language
in interaction with culture has become a necessary
condition for the emergence of a number of new
sciences that are developing at the intersection of
various branches of the humanities - linguistics,
mythology, folklore, sociology, philosophy, and
ethnography. Therefore, at present, folklore text is the
object of presentation not only of folklore studies and
textual studies, but also of related sciences -
ethnolinguistics, linguofolkloristics, linguoculturology.
Currently, in scientific literature, alongside the term
"folklore," which represents all types of oral folk art,
beliefs, and customs, the terms "oral folk art," "folk
literature," "folk prose," "folk poetics," "ritual-
traditional complex," and "folk culture" are widely used
and actively used in research. Determining the nature
of their application is one of the pressing issues in
language education.
In the fundamental works of most linguists and
folklorists A.N. Afanasyev, F.I. Buslaev, A.N. Veselovsky,
E.M. Meletinsky, S.Yu. Neklyudov, and V.Ya. Propp,
typology reveals the features of the development of
plots, questions of characters, and action, as well as the
nature of various folklore conditionality. Some scholars
seek the origin of the world of folklore in mythology,
which predates oral folk art. Mythology is a closed
symbolic system, combined with the nature of its work
and the method of modeling the surrounding world
[12].
Mythological traditions are reflected in all folklore
genres, therefore, cognitive, cultural, social, and
spiritual characteristics are primarily related to
consciousness and mythological thinking, and in
particular, they are a unique form of expression of
mythological thinking, feelings, time, and history. Of
course, the ethnic mentality of each nation is reflected
in the culture of the traditional people.
B.N. Putilov considers folklore as a collection of genres
and tests, notes its "completeness" and "Folklore is at
the same time active in affirmation or refutation. It
should be noted that in our analysis, we consider the
entire set of genres of folk art as a single text, unlike
fiction, where each literary work acts as a separate
semantic whole. The unbroken nature of folklore texts
reveals the similarity between folklore and language:
every reproduction of a text is a variant of certain
social, moral principles and norms, and it is quite
indifferent to their various manifestations – he says
[18].
Folklore text differs from literary text in its content and
form. According to T.M. Nikolaeva, «…oral text differs
significantly from written text. Simply put, his space is
time. It is long and linear, the sound substance is not
held by meter and rhythm. Therefore, denotative
relations come to the forefront» [17].
Linguistic research of folklore texts is actively
conducted in Turkology. In the main direction of
linguocognitology, R.R. Zamaletdinov's doctoral
dissertation "National-Linguistic Picture of the Tatar
World" was written in the field of Tatar linguistics [9].
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
27
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
In it, the linguistic reflection of the concept of revealing
the unique material and spiritual world of the Tatar
people occupies a special place. The scientist's
attention includes not only literary materials, but also
folk paremiology.
In the articles and monograph of R.R. Zamaletdinov,
who laid the foundation for research in the field of
linguoculturology in Tatar linguistics, the foundations,
theoretical
and
practical
aspects
of
Tatar
linguoculturology were developed, and multicultural
linguistic
knowledge
was
analyzed
and
comprehensively studied [10, 11]. Under the scientific
guidance of R.R. Zamaletdinov, a number of
dissertations dedicated to the analysis of the lexicon of
the Tatar language as a source of ethnocultural
information were defended.
G.R. Galiullina made a significant contribution to the
study of the anthroponymic system of the Tatar
language from a linguocultural perspective. In the
scholar's works, Tatar lexicology is studied as a
manifestation of ethnic culture and a projection of
national mentality, using the example of personal
names.[6]
Thus, in modern Tatar linguistics, new scientific schools
have
emerged
that
conduct
research
in
interdisciplinary fields. In particular, research is being
actively conducted in ethnolinguistics (M.Z. Zakiyev,
G.F. Sattarov, A.Sh. Yusupova, G.K. Khadiyeva, and
others), linguoculturology, functional-communicative
and cognitive linguistics (R.R. Zamaletdinov, G.R.
Galiullina, R.S. Nurmukhametova, M.R. Sattarova, and
others), and areal linguogeography (F.Yu. Yusupov, and
others).
Significant work has been done in Turkic linguistics on
the scientific description and analysis of various genres
of folklore. A number of dissertations are devoted to
the analysis of lexical-semantic and stylistic features of
folk epic. The works of E.K. Zhubanov,[8] G.
Kusimova,[9] Sh.N. Abdinazimov,[10] L.S. Etezova,[11]
L.L. Gabysheva,[12] and others have been written in
this direction.
The linguistic structure of folk songs was studied in A.R.
Biktimova's dissertation "Linguistic and Onomastic
Poetics of Tatar Folk Songs,"[2] while M.A.
Kukumakhov and Z.Yu. Kukumakhova's work ""The
Language of Adyghe Folklore." Nart Epic" [13] is
dedicated to the study of the language of literary
folklore.
In Turkology, special attention is paid to the description
of folklore texts. In this regard, significant work has
been done in Bashkir (F.G. Hisamitdinova, G.Kh.
Bukharova, L.Kh. Samsitova, etc.), Kazakh (A.T.
Kaydarov, R.N. Shoybekov, E.N. Janpeisov, etc.),
Karashay-balkar (A.K. Appoev, etc.) linguistics.
A distinctive feature of modern Turkic science, in our
opinion, is the use of various approaches to the study
of the text. As noted above, in the works of most
scholars, text is considered a unit of culture. In general,
the word folklore is revealed in recent studies taking
into account the cultural meanings accumulated in
special lexemes and their collection as explicants of
ethnic mentality.
N.S. Bolotnova fairly points out that the text, in a sense,
is embedded in the cultural space of the era, in the
cultural thesaurus of the recipient, reflects the unique
characteristics of the author, his knowledge,
vocabulary, worldview, specific goals and motives, and
thus, with a certain stage of the history of society,
traditions, mentality, seals the foundations of the
culture of a people. N.S. Bolotnova identifies
anthropocentrism, dialogic character, activity skills,
symbolism, functional commonality, normativity,
ideology, and integrity as key features, which are
equally inherent in culture and text, allowing the text
to be viewed as a unit of culture or culture.[3] In this
regard, the ethnolinguistic presentation of texts is
updated, focusing on lexical units that emdiv the
cultural code of a particular people. A number of Turkic
languages have been studied in this direction.
The dissertation of Kazakh scholar A.Zh. Mukhatayeva
is dedicated to the analysis of the vocabulary of
material culture in the Kazakh language. Ethnocultural
vocabulary of the Kazakh language was studied based
on the works of M. Avezov in the work of E.N. Janpeisov
[7], while in the candidate dissertation of A.N. Sidikova
[16] a comparative analysis of the vocabulary of the
Russian and Kyrgyz languages was conducted. Z.K.
Magomedova's candidate dissertation [15] represents
the cultural concepts of the lexicon and phraseology of
the Dargin language in the material of proverbs, liars,
wishes, prayers, curses, etc.
Linguists of the 21st century face a number of complex
tasks that require the integration of a comprehensive
set of disciplines that study text. G.Kh. Bukharova, a
researcher of the Bashkirt language, provides the
following explanation: «currently, linguists are
interested in the general problems of the theory and
methodology of cognitive research, issues of
interaction and mutual influence of language and
culture, language as an ethnocultural phenomenon and
cultural concepts, linguistic consciousness, linguistic
self-awareness and mentality, cognitive aspects of
vocabulary, phraseology and other levels, problems of
categorization and conceptualization of the world in
language, cognitive modeling and others. In modern
linguistic science, language is presented not only as a
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
28
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
means of communication and cognition, but also as a
nation's cultural code» [4].
All of the above relates to the study of folklore texts,
which require specific conceptual and cognitive-
discursive analysis. In current research, text is
considered the highest unit that reflects human
cognitive activity: «In the cognitive paradigm of
language description, text is considered as a unit of
discourse, that is, as a component of the
communicative act, and discourse is perceived as
another level following the level of the text, as a
communicative event that creates the text. In this
approach, the text is analyzed not only in the linguistic
aspect, but also in an inseparable connection with the
extralinguistic, sociocultural, historical, psychological,
pragmatic context» [4].
Folklore text is the result of linguistic (speech) activity,
reflecting the cognitive abilities of the collective
language speaker. Cognitive ability, from the
perspective of cognitive linguistic knowledge, is
considered to be the formation and transformation of
meanings. Therefore, the most important object of
research in it is the concept.
The concept serves as a unit of knowledge expression
in the conceptualization and categorization of the
world in folklore texts. In folk art texts, the concept is
usually summarized in a word and studied not only with
the help of verbal code, but also with the help of
various cultural codes.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, an analysis of the linguopoetics of
folklore texts by genre was conducted in both Slavic
and Turkic languages. The desire of modern scholars to
reveal the phenomenon of the word folklore, taking
into account the cultural meanings accumulated in
individual lexemes and their collection as explicants of
ethnic mentality, can be positively assessed.
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