American Journal Of Philological Sciences
78
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue01 2025
PAGE NO.
78-79
10.37547/ajps/Volume05Issue01-20
Turkic borrowings as a result of interlinguistic and
cultural interaction of peoples
Bobo-Khodjaeva Adolat Lutfillo qizi
Teacher of Russian language and literature at the "Buxoro Maktabi" school, Almalyk, Uzbekistan
Received:
26 October 2024;
Accepted:
28 December 2024;
Published:
30 January 2025
Abstract:
This article reveals the concept of such a phenomenon in the Russian language as Turkisms, gives a brief
history of the penetration of Turkisms into the Russian language and Russian culture, and also examines the
situation of Turkisms in modern Russian.
Keywords:
Turkish phrases, borrowing, primordially Turkish phrases, historical Turkish phrases.
Introduction:
Any language is in a state of continuous
change and renewal. The Russian language, along with
other actively functioning languages, has a multilevel
composition. The constantly changing and gradually
renewing composition of the Russian language
represents an organic connection of native and
borrowed words. As Chernyshevsky stated in the 19th
century, “the composition of the lexicon corresponds
to the knowledge of the people, reflects their daily
activities and way of life, and partly their interactions
with other peoples” [Vvedenskaya 1978:5]. The issues
of interlingual and cultural interaction among peoples
have always been and remain relevant.
In modern Russian, Turkisms continue to retain their
unique mental and cultural semantics. The study of the
features of Turkisms in contemporary Russian is carried
out in three aspects, which focus on different sides of
the analysis: the lexical aspect, the lexicographic
aspect, and the historical-etymological aspect
[Nazirova 2013:168]. However, we have also noted
studies aimed at examining Turkisms from a
multifaceted perspective, for example, those focused
on the analysis of Turkisms from specific thematic
groups, or, conversely, narrowly focused studies
related to solving a particular issue (I.G. Dobrodomov,
A.N. Kononov, K.R. Galiullin, N.K. Dmitriev, and others).
The basis of the borrowing process is related to the
relations and processes of assimilation of foreign words
in the recipient language. The process of assimilation is
studied and evaluated in many ways by the
comparative method. This problem was dealt with by
such scientists as N.J. Shaimerdenova (2007), E.D.
Suleymanova (2015), and others, who in their works
investigated the influence of Turkisms on the
vocabulary and structure of the Russian language. As
we have already noted, this influence was the result of
geographical, social, and historical connections.
After studying the centuries-old relations between the
Russian and Turkic peoples, it becomes clear that these
relations are reflected not only in the commercial,
socio-economic, military-political spheres, but also in
the cultural and educational direction. A striking
example of this is the continued influx of a large
number of words and concepts from the Turkic
languages into the Russian language. Relations
between the peoples have switched to languages,
which has brought them closer and continues to bring
them closer to each other.
In modern Russian, Turkisms tend to update their
composition due to borrowings of the new time and the
actualization of words borrowed earlier in one way or
another. The process of updating borrowings is carried
out in the following ways:
➢
actualization of chronically limited vocabulary
(mainly passive vocabulary);
➢
actualization of thematically and semantically
limited vocabulary (words limited in use due to
moral and aesthetic features);
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
79
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
➢
updating
the
derivation-limited
vocabulary
[Mukhina 2019:122].
When talking about the process of borrowing, first of
all, it seems to us, it should be said that Turkisms not
only reflect the historical stages of linguistic
connections and penetrations of these ethnic groups,
but also the quality of the contribution as a result of
replenishment, which is not homogeneous and one-
line, there are still many unresolved problems and
transitional, ambiguous cases.
The process of borrowing is understood as a
phenomenon in which words or elements of another
language, as a result of linguistic and cultural contacts,
penetrate into another language. A number of intra-
linguistic factors should be attributed to the main
reasons for this process. The functioning of the canon
of linguistic economy, the existing gaps in the recipient
language, the demand for expressive vocabulary or
euphemisms, accelerated changes in society, its
multilingual composition, cultural and social aspects of
the relationships of small groups in it, the lack of
genetic contacts in them, the types and conditions of
their activation are externally linguistic factors. They
form the basis for the potential occurrence of
borrowings and their number at any historical stage.
Russian Russian literature and culture To show the role
and place of vocabulary of Turkic origin in Russian
culture and literature, we turn to the great work of
Russian literature - "The Word of Igor's Regiment."
Here are examples of common Turkisms in oral and
written communication, which are important for
understanding and interpreting the meaning of the
great work of ancient Russian literature (25 examples
are taken from the dictionary to «Слову о полку
Игореве» (The Word of Igor's Regiment), compiled by
us for research and educational purposes based on the
dictionaries of E.N. Shipova, N.A. Baskakov, A.O.
Madvaliev.
«Болван»
- derived from the Persian word "pahlavan",
meaning "hero" [Shipova 1976:85].
«Боян» –
the name of a person, derived from the
Persian word "boyon", meaning "rich"
«Курган»
- originates from the Turkic word "kurgan",
meaning "citadel" [Madvaliev 1:312].
«Ольбер»
- derived from the Turkic phrase "olp er",
meaning "strong man"
«Топчак»
- derived from the Turkic word "toyptak",
meaning "horse" [Madvaliev 3:662].
«Хан»
- derived from the Turkic word "khan", meaning
"king"
«Харалуга»
- derived from the Turkic phrase "kara
loiga"), meaning "black puddle"
«Хоругвь»
- originating from the ancient Arabic-
Persian-Turkic phrase "harbiygoh" (in the Turkic
transcription "harvigo"), meaning "military place",
usually the label of this was a banner.
Summing up the above review, we would like to make
some generalizations.
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