American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
83
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajsshr
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue06 2025
PAGE NO.
83-84
10.37547/ajsshr/Volume05Issue06-21
24
Initial Stages Of Career Guidance
Ataboyev Navruzbek Ilhombek
UTAS psychology department teacher, Uzbekistan
Received:
14 April 2025;
Accepted:
10 May 2025;
Published:
18 June 2025
Abstract:
From childhood to adulthood, one of the most thought-provoking decisions a person faces is choosing
a future profession. Experts agree that when selecting a career path, it is important to consider various aspects
carefully. While we may not be able to fully cover every detail of this complex issue, we aim to approach it partially
and provide insight from a scientific and theoretical perspective. In this paper, we will explore the essence of this
topic and review some relevant research and experiments conducted in this area.
Keywords:
Motivation , adolescence , maturity , professional deformation , introversion , extroversion .
Introduction:
Login. High-class training in the processes
for students mainly focuses on the aspect of preparing
them for life and helping them in choosing the right
profession. In our article, the necessity of paying
attention when choosing a profession, and the
qualifications and skills required for this, are discussed
with reference to scientific and theoretical thoughts.
Home part. In order to help adolescents clarify their
future life, the first youth career guidance bureau
began its work in Boston in 1908. The activities of this
bureau are considered the beginning of the first career
guidance service. Later, a similar bureau was created in
New York, which studied the requirements for a person
in terms of professions. Mainly, the abilities of
schoolchildren were studied in detail. The main tools of
the bureau were tests and questionnaires. This
qualification system was used by the USA, Spain,
Finland, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, and other foreign
countries. In the USA, G. Münstenberg, who was
engaged in issues of professional selection, at the
request of a communications company, observed the
activities of employees working at a communications
station in order to reduce employee dissatisfaction. By
counting the number of individual psychophysiological
acts and based on the results obtained, he developed
descriptions for employees working at a separate
telephone station. As a result of these studies, the
number of resignations from the specified position
decreased, and communication improved.
After the end of World War I, there was a need to
further expand professional qualifications. It became
necessary to train operational personnel who were
suitable for military work in terms of intellectual
potential and physical characteristics.
The war played a leading role in the scientific study of
personality traits that meet the basic requirements of
various professions. This, in turn, led to the emergence
of tests in the United States that allowed for the
immediate assessment of new recruits in various
branches of the military.
The need to keep obtained results confidential was
demonstrated by the scale of research conducted over
the years. In Russia, the first career guidance service
aimed at “assisting in job search” appeared in 1897.
This service only gained official state status during the
years of World War I. One of the career choice guides
of that time, The "Kayushiysya Encyclopedist"(1900),
offered only four types of decision-making approaches
for choosing a profession:
Family traditions (which were widespread in the
patriarchal society of that era in Russia);a choice made
thoughtlessly or accidentally,a choice based on
personal capabilities,a choice made through careful
and precise calculation.In Soviet-era Russia, great
importance was given to the field of career guidance.
Labor institutes existed, and within them, career
guidance consultative laboratories were active. Later,
the number of such bureaus significantly increased,
and across the entire country, all educational
specialists began working on implementing a career
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141)
guidance system in schools. However, due to the
decline in labor training classes and career orientation
activities in schools, the issue of real free choice in
career guidance was banned during Stalin’s totalitarian
regime.
The field of career guidance was revived during
Khrushchev’s era and continued until the 1970s.
However, raising public awareness, creating favorable
conditions for labor activities, and enabling individuals
to choose and pursue a profession freely became
secondary to state defense priorities and national
interests. As a result, the historical processes that
followed
—
marked by restrictions on personal
freedoms
—
led to the decline of the career guidance
system.
Thanks to the work of renowned psychologist Evgeny
Alexandrovich Klimov, the field of career guidance
began to be revived once again. It was this scholar who
seriously engaged with the theoretical and
methodological foundations of professiography and
career choice issues. E. A. Klimov's classification of
professions still serves as a primary standard in Russia
to this day.
By the mid-1980s, a period marked by increasing
personal freedoms, career guidance services began to
develop more actively. In major cities, dedicated youth
career guidance centers were established, while in
rural areas, career counseling offices were opened.
Driven by a vision for future progress, E. A. Klimov
played a key role in elevating career guidance for young
people to a state-level initiative. As societal freedoms
grew, schools witnessed a significant renewal and
advancement in career guidance programs.
By the 1990s, following the collapse of the former
Soviet Union and the transition to a market economy,
the state began to withdraw from planning and
guaranteeing employment and education. As
unemployment rates rose, government attention
shifted toward establishing employment centers.
These centers focused on providing psychological
support, career guidance, and retraining programs for
the adult population.
People between the ages of 30 and 40 often turn to
psychologists. Although these consultations are not
typically categorized under career guidance, they are
often aimed at addressing problems that arise as a
result of having chosen the wrong profession. When
individuals seek help from specialists, the questions
they raise usually take the following form:
Crisis situations
Low self-esteem
Suicidal tendencies
Psychosomatic disorders
And many other reasons.
To the question of why individuals make mistakes
about their future when approaching their careers, we
can respond as follows:
At a young age, people often make career choices
based on the following factors:
Their personal views, which are usually still unformed,
lacking in structure, and not supported by sufficient
knowledge;
The example set before them (such as family traditions
or professions passed down from generation to
generation);
The wishes and preferences of parents;
The opinions of others about the chosen profession (its
prestige and social status).
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