ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
173
THE ROLE OF IMMUNOLOGICAL MARKERS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF
STABLE ANGINA IN ELDERLY WOMEN WITH ARTERIAL
HYPERTENSION
Kamilova Shakhzoda Rakhmatovna
Bukhara State Medical Institute, Republic of
Uzbekistan, Bukhara Annotation
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15653948
Annotation
The study analyzed clinical and immunological features of the course of
stable angina pectoris in 208 elderly women (60-74 years, mean age 66.0±6.0
years) suffering from grade II–III arterial hypertension. Depending on the
functional class (FC) of stable angina, patients were distributed as follows: FC-1-
58 (32.6%), FC-2 — 62 (34.8%), FC-3 — 58 (32.6%). The control group
consisted of 30 women with progressive angina pectoris. Biochemical, cytokine
(IL-6, TNF-α) and immunological parameters were evaluated. A relationship was
established between the severity of the disease and the level of inflammatory
markers, which made it possible to determine prognostic criteria for differential
diagnosis of stable angina in elderly women with hypertension.
Keywords
Ischemic heart disease, stable angina, arterial hypertension, elderly women,
cytokines, immune status, prognosis.
Relevance
Stable angina in combination with arterial hypertension in elderly women
is an urgent problem of modern cardiology. In this age group, the frequency of
arterial hypertension reaches 65-70%, and angina symptoms are detected in
more than 30% of patients. Features of the immune status in elderly women
with CHD and concomitant hypertension are still insufficiently studied. Chronic
inflammation, cytokine imbalance, and impaired immunoregulation are known
to play a key role in the progression of coronary heart disease. However, the
diagnostic criteria that reflect the severity of these changes are still not fully
defined. In this regard, it is important to study clinical and immunological
indicators that allow us to assess the severity of the disease, predict the
development of complications and optimize therapy. This study is aimed at
solving this problem, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of
managing this category of patients.
Research objective
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
174
Comprehensive clinical and immunological characteristics of stable angina
pectoris in elderly women with arterial hypertension for the development of
prognostic criteria for the severity of the disease.
Materials and methods
The study included 208 women with IHD and grade II–III arterial
hypertension aged 60-74 years (mean age 66.0±6.0 years). The main group
consisted of patients with stable angina: FC-1-58 (32.6%), FC-2 — 62 (34.8%),
FC-3 — 58 (32.6%). The comparison group included 30 patients with
progressive angina pectoris. Clinical data, general blood count, biochemical
profile, levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α), circulating immune
complexes, and CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte counts were studied. Statistical data
processing was carried out using correlation analysis methods.
Results
The data obtained indicate an increase in inflammatory and immune
disorders with an increase in the functional class of angina pectoris. Elevated
concentrations of IL-6 (15.2±1.4 pg/ml) and TNF-α (19.7±1.6 pg/ml) were
recorded in patients with FC-3, which is higher than in the FC-1 group (8.6±0.9
pg/ ml and 11.2±1.3 pg/ml, respectively; p<0.01). CEC reached 123.4±5.2 U/ ml
in FC-3 versus 84.6±4.3 U/ ml in FC-1 (p<0.05). The CD4+/CD8+ index increased
to 2.8±0.2 in severe cases (p<0.05). Significant correlations were found between
cytokine levels and clinical parameters (r=0.62-0.68; p<0.01).
Conclusion
In elderly women with a combination of stable angina pectoris and grade
II–III arterial hypertension, significant immune changes were detected: an
increase in IL-6, TNF-α, and CIC levels, as well as a violation of the CD4+/CD8+
lymphocyte ratio. These indicators significantly correlate with the severity of
angina, reflected by the functional class of the disease. The clinical and
immunological indicators developed on the basis of the obtained data allow not
only to clarify the severity of the pathological process, but also to predict the risk
of CHD progression in this category of patients. The use of these criteria in
clinical practice can contribute toa personalized approach to patient
management and improve the effectiveness of therapy.
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ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
175
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