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MODERN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ACUTE
GLAUCOMA ATTACKS COMORBID WITH NON-COMMUNICABLE
CHRONIC DISEASES IN VALLEY CONDITIONS
Mamasoliyev Zokhidjon Nematovich
Rustamjanov Abdurashid Bakhram ugli
Andijan State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16537389
Relevance of the topic.
The method of drug treatment of glaucoma,
glaucomatous processes, and AGA has certain features, especially when it is
accompanied by comorbid diseases. From the point of view of modern
pharmacotherapy, their analysis and assessment are of undoubted interest and
play an important role in the safety of this process.
As can be seen from the presented data, β-adrenoblockers, which are
currently widely used (for hypotensive purposes), can worsen respiratory
functions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in elderly
patients (even in the absence of a history of COPD). In such cases, the drugs of
choice in patients with glaucomatous COPD are prostaglandin analogues, local
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and α2-adrenomimetics.
Studies confirm that local medicines, which are used daily, for a long time,
or for life, and often have a systemic effect, should certainly be considered from
the point of view of safety.
Material and method.
Modern epidemiological characteristics of the
association of AGA with comorbidity of non-communicable chronic diseases
(NCD) in the conditions of the valley were identified and assessed. It has been
established that most AGA have comorbidity with cardiovascular diseases
(CCVD), comorbidity with respiratory diseases (CRD), comorbidity with
gastrointestinal diseases (CGD), comorbidity with diseases of the urinary system
(CUD), and comorbidity with diabetes mellitus (CD).
The association of AH with AGA is confirmed by a difference in the
frequency of occurrence in women and men - 61.2% and 38.8% [x2=0.025;
P>0.05; p=-0.007; 95%Cl = 0.687-1.376]. The frequency of such association with
IHD is -64% and 36% [x2=0.724; P>0.05; p=-0.037; RR=0.840; 95%Cl = 0.561-
1.256].
Сomorbidity of acute glaucoma attack with respiratory disease is mainly
registered in the female and male populations with comorbidities of moderate
diseases - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchial asthma
(BA), and acute respiratory diseases (ARD). In particular, the frequency of COPD
and COPD comorbidity was 64.5% in women and 35.5% in men, 95%Cl=0.532-
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2.283]. The same comorbidity with BA is observed - 50.0% and 50.0%,
respectively [x2=4.011; P<0.05; p=0.086; RR=1.669; 95%Cl = 1.007-2.764].
In addition, it is noteworthy that the comorbidity of AGA with ARD was
noted in 75.5% of women and 24.5% of men [x2=4.837; P<0.05; p=-0.095;
RR=0.475; 95%Cl = 0.242-0.934].
The frequency of detecting comorbidity of PUD and AGA was recorded as
60.2% in women and 39.8% in men [x2=0.026; P>0.05; r=0.007; RR=1.037;
95%CI=0.668-1.609].
The frequency of the clinical course of glaucoma attacks in association with
tumor diseases in the female and male population is 54.5% and 45.5%
respectively [x2=0.595; P>0.05; p=0.033; RR = 1.321; 95%Cl=0.650-2.681].
NCDG is mainly confirmed by glomerulonephritis and urolithiasis (STD)
and comorbidity of AGA. The frequency of association of glomerulonephritis and
GCC in women and men is characterized by 58.0% and 42.0% [x2=0.194;
P>0.05; p=0.019; RR=1.142; 95%Cl=0.633-2.061]. In the conditions of the valley,
the frequency of detection of GFC comorbidity with MCI was - 67.4% (in women)
and 32.6% (in men).
The frequency of detection of CKD in the women's and men's populations
corresponded to 57.3% and 47.7% with a significant difference [x2=0.637;
P>0.05; p=0.037; RR=1.200; 95%Cl=0.767-1.877].
The identified results confirm, firstly, the predominance of comorbidity in
GCC, and secondly, the fact that it is more frequently registered in women, and
thirdly, the registration of comorbidities with the highest frequency represents a
regional characteristic in valley conditions.
It is noted that the rural population has a higher frequency of glaucoma
attacks against the background of comorbidity compared to the urban
population, and more often, such a course is observed in rural women. This
situation can be explained by the fact that medical supervision is higher
compared to the urban population, and therefore, a sharp increase in the rate of
further introduction of planned and emergency ophthalmological and
preventive services into rural conditions, based on the implementation of
Presidential decrees, and their improvement, is a priority scientific direction and
a topic of practical importance.
Conclusion:
It is noted that the rural population has a higher incidence of
glaucoma attacks against the background of comorbidity compared to the urban
population, and moreover, such a course is observed in rural women. This
situation can be explained by the fact that medical supervision is higher
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compared to the urban population, and therefore, a sharp increase in the rate of
further introduction of planned and emergency ophthalmological and
preventive services into rural conditions, based on the implementation of
Presidential decrees, is a priority scientific direction and a topic of practical
importance.
In the settled population, the frequency of comorbidity of
noncommunicable chronic diseases in AGA reaches up to 100.0%, with high
frequencies of detection, cases of comorbidity of glomerulonephritis and AGA
are noted in the valley. The contribution of the total number of comorbidities to
the recurrence of glaucoma attacks is very high - from 95.3% to 100.0%.
Therefore, when determining measures for the prevention of AGA and
emergency treatment, it is recommended to take into account such a
characteristic course of the disease, so that the risk or catastrophe of AGA can be
eliminated up to 100%.
In the population with an acute glaucoma attack, high frequencies of
comorbidity of noncommunicable chronic diseases are observed in the age
group >60 years and are mainly associated with comorbidity of AGA with tumor
diseases, AH, IHD, COPD, and ARD.
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