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ABSTRACT
This article provides information on the foreign trade turnover, export and import opportunities of the city of Kokand
and their total amount in recent years. Also, the export and import indicators are analyzed year by year, the countries
in the foreign trade turnover, trade turnover with them, exported products and their quantity, their share in the total
trade and growth indicators are studied based on statistical data.
KEYWORDS
Kokand city, foreign trade turnover, export, import, products, enterprises, economy, Egypt, Bangladesh, textile
products, food products.
INTRODUCTION
The economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan has been
developing rapidly in recent years. Especially during
the period of the "Strategy of Actions", economic
growth covered every part of the country [1]. In
particular, in recent years, foreign economic activity
has grown significantly in Fergana region, and the
export and import potential of the region has
increased even more. In such changes, the role of all
regions within the region, including the city of Kokand,
is of particular importance. Industrial enterprises,
manufacturing firms and associations located in the
city are operating in the service sector form the basis
of foreign trade.
The external turnover of the city of Kokand in January-
December 2017 totally 196,195.2 thousand dollars, of
which 104,111.5 thousand dollars was exported, and the
remaining 92,083.7 thousand dollars was imported. [2;
55]. That is, 53 percent of the total foreign trade
Research Article
HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY FOREIGN
IN THE CITY OF KOKAND
Submission Date:
November 19, 2024,
Accepted Date:
November 24, 2024,
Published Date:
November 29, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-05-11-04
Qodirov Muhsinjon
Doctoral student of Fergana State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://masterjournals.
com/index.php/crjh
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
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turnover was export, and the remaining 47 percent
was import.
By 2018, the total foreign trade turnover amounted to
260,188.7 thousand dollars. Compared to last year, in
2018, the amount of import was more than export.
That is, if the total export was 118917.0 thousand
dollars, the import was 22354.7 thousand dollars more
than it, and the import was 141271.7 thousand dollars.
[2; 55].
The increase in the economic development index of
the city initially records a higher index in the city's
foreign trade than import for a certain period of time.
Because the import of modern equipment, techniques
and
technologies
necessary
for
economic
development is the basis of this situation.
Table 1.
Countries with high foreign trade turnover in the economy of Kokand city. (January-
December 2018, thousands of US dollars) [2; 56].
№
State name
Total amount
Export
Import
1
China
121711,3
33287,0
88424,3
2
Russia
30363,63
20077,9
10285,7
3
Bangladesh
18251,07
18251,07
-
4
Turkey
16726,76
10875,5
5851,2
5
Kazakhstan
14018,32
2551,6
11466,7
6
Germany
10320,09
16,0
10304,1
7
Poland
5534,997
4859,5
675,5
Among the countries listed in the above table, we can
also find countries such as Iran, Vietnam, Belarus,
Egypt, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Morocco, and
Belgium. Among the countries given in the volume of
foreign trade turnover, there are also countries where
the city of Kokand exported only. For example, various
products from Bangladesh, Egypt, Afghanistan,
Morocco, Tunisia, and Portugal were not imported at
all. However, during this period, $992,200 worth of
products was imported from Latvia and $755,500,000
from Hungary, and exports to these countries were not
carried out at all. [2; 56-57].
Analyzing the export of Kokand by products, the total
amount of export in 2016 was 76.5 million dollars, in
2017 it was 104.1 million dollars, and in 2018 it was 118.9
million dollars. [2; 58].
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Table 2.
The share of goods and services in the export of the city of Kokand [2; 58].
2016 year
2017 year
2018 year
№
Goods and
services
Million,
US
dollars
Share of
total
volume
(in
percent)
Million,
US
dollars
Share of
total
volume
(in
percent)
Million,
US
dollars
Share of
total
volume
(in
percent)
Total exports
76,5
100
104,1
100
118,9
100
Food
products
1
1,3
0,5
0,48
8,9
7,5
Textiles and
textiles
products
64,5
84,3
87,9
84,4
100,9
84,9
Services
1,1
1,4
0,7
0,67
0,5
0,42
Others
9,9
12,9
15,0
14,4
8,6
7,2
Analyzing the data in the table, the most exported
goods are textiles and textile products, the average
annual rate of which is 84 percent. It can be seen that
the least exported goods belong to food products.
Despite this, the export potential of the city has
increased year by year.
The external economic activity of the region, especially
the final result of the reforms implemented in the field
of foreign trade, will have a direct impact on the living
standards of the population. By the end of 2019, the
foreign trade turnover of the city is 256.2 million. USD
4.0 million compared to the corresponding period of
2018. USD or decreased by 1.5% [3; 55].
In 2018, the foreign trade turnover of the city of
Kokand was 260,188.7 thousand dollars, of which
export was 118,917 thousand dollars, import was
141,271,7 thousand dollars, and in 2019, the volume of
export was 110,900,6 thousand dollars, and import was
141,271,7 thousand dollars. While the amount is more
than that, i.e. 145287.1 thousand dollars in 2019, the
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total foreign trade turnover of the city was 256,187.7
thousand dollars. [3; 55].
Table 3.
Countries with high foreign trade turnover in the economy of Kokand city. (January-
December 2019, thousands of US dollars) [3; 56].
№
State name
Total amount
Export
Import
1
China
86882,0
18781,2
68100,8
2
Russia
35635,0
17885,1
17749,9
3
Turkey
29067,0
21967,6
7099,4
4
Kazakhstan
21831,5
681,2
21150,3
5
Egypt
11953,5
11953,5
-
6
Bangladesh
11731,2
11731,2
-
7
Germany
8546,4
1,1
8545,3
The analysis shows that, as in 2018, only products and
goods were exported to Egypt and Bangladesh, and no
imports were made from these countries. A similar
situation is observed in trade with Morocco.
In 2019, the number of exporters of the city was 69,
and they sold 110.9 million. The export of goods and
services worth US dollars (with the exception of the
export of precious metals) (a decrease of 93.3%
compared to 2018) was ensured. The share of goods in
the export structure is 100.0 percent, they are mainly
industrial goods classified according to the type of
material (87.0 percent), food products and live animals
(3.4 percent), non-food raw materials, except for fuel
(5.4 percent), various finished goods (3.4 percent),
machinery and transport equipment (0.1 percent),
chemicals and similar products not classified elsewhere
(0.5 percent), and services (0.2 percent) corresponds
to the contribution [3; 57].
Table4.
The share of goods and services in the export of the city of Kokand [3; 58].
2017 year
2018 year
2019 year
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№
Goods and
services
Million,
US
dollars
Share
of total
volume
(in
percent)
Million,
US
dollars
Share
of total
volume
(in
percent)
Million,
US
dollars
Share
of total
volume
(in
percent)
Total exports
104111,5
100
118917,0
100
110900,6
100
Machines and
transport
equipment
307,1
0,3
54,9
-
89,9
0,1
Food products
and live animals
502,3
0,5
8465,5
7,1
3731,7
3,4
Industrial goods
classified mainly
according to the
type of material
90660,3
87,1
100613,7
84,6
96470,5
87,0
Non-food raw
materials, except
for fuel
9114,4
8,8
5442,7
4,6
6038,1
5,4
Also, in 2018, $3,000, and in 2019, $6,900 worth of
mineral fuel, lubricating oils and similar materials were
exported. The export value of beverages and tobacco
products was 16.2 thousand dollars in 2017, 16.4
thousand dollars in 2018, and in 2019, the share in
exports increased to 45.9 thousand dollars. That is, in
two years, the increase in exports increased by 29.5
thousand dollars. The export of various finished
products also recorded growth, increasing from 2111.1
thousand dollars in 2017 to 3746.6 thousand dollars in
2019. As a result, the share of various finished products
in the city's export increased from 2.0% to 3.4%, and the
increase was 1635.5 thousand dollars [3; 58].
By the end of 2020, the foreign trade turnover of the
city is 261.9 million. USD 5.7 million compared to the
corresponding period of 2019. per US dollar or
increased by 2.2%. It can be seen in the diagram below.
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Diagram 1 [4; 46].
Foreign trade turnover
Import
Export
In 2020, the total foreign trade turnover of the city of
Kokand amounted to 261863.6 thousand US dollars, 59
percent of the total amount, i.e. 155384.9 thousand
dollars, was imported and the remaining 41 percent
was 160478.4 thousand dollars organized the export
part. If we compare the amount of export and import
in foreign trade turnover, the difference between
them is 48906.5 thousand dollars. If we analyze the
foreign trade turnover in recent years, its exports have
increased from 76.5 million dollars in 2016 to almost
155.4 million dollars in 2020, which is a 2-fold increase.
If we analyze the countries with the highest foreign
trade turnover in 2020:
Table 5.
Countries with high foreign trade turnover in the economy of Kokand city. (January-
December 2020, thousands of US dollars) [4; 47].
№
State name
Total amount
Export
Import
1
Poland
10627,9
10228,1
399,9
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2
Egypt
10453,3
10453,3
-
3
Bangladesh
10303,6
10303,6
-
4
Singapore
5552,0
5549,3
2,7
5
India
5339,6
0,1
5339,5
6
Kyrgyzstan
4627,0
3681,8
945,2
7
Belarus
3634,3
2704,7
929,7
In 2020, the Republic of Korea, Tajikistan, Spain, Peru,
Brazil, Lithuania, and Pakistan are among the countries
that occupy the largest place in the foreign trade
turnover of the city of Kokand. Analyzing the statistical
data, Poland, Egypt, and Bangladesh occupy the top
three countries in the foreign trade of Kokand. Poland,
Egypt, and Bangladesh are the top three exporters of
the city, and India, Germany, and Tajikistan are the top
three importers. Also, among the leading countries in
foreign trade, goods and products were not exported
to Germany, while goods and products were exported
to Egypt, Bangladesh, Morocco, Peru, and imports
from these countries were not carried out. [4; 47].
In 2020, the number of exporters of the city will be 72,
and they will sell 106.5 million. The export of goods and
services worth US dollars (except for the export of
precious metals) (decreased by 4.0% compared to
2019) was ensured.
The share of goods in the export structure is 100.0
percent, they are mainly industrial goods classified
according to the type of material (76.3 percent), food
products and live animals (0.2 percent), non-food raw
materials, except for fuel ( 4.5 percent), various
finished goods (12.9 percent), machinery and transport
equipment (0.1 percent), chemicals and similar
products not classified elsewhere (0.8 percent),
beverages and tobacco (0.1 percent), animal and
vegetable oils (fats), oils and waxes (0.1 percent) and
services (4.4 percent) [4; 48].
Table 6.
The share of goods and services in the export of the city of Kokand [4; 48].
2018 year
2019 year
2020 year
№
Goods and
services
Million,
US
dollars
Share
of total
volume
Million,
US
dollars
Share
of total
volume
Million,
US
dollars
Share
of total
volume
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(in
percent)
(in
percent)
(in
percent)
Total exports
118917,0
114,2
110900,6
93,3
106478,4
96
Machines and
transport
equipment
54,9
17,9
89,9
163,7
101,1
112,5
Food products
and live
animals
8465,5
16,9 m
3731,7
44,1
710,5
19,0
Industrial
goods
classified
mainly
according to
the type of
material
100613,7
111,0
96470,5
95,9
81262,1
19,0
Non-food raw
materials,
except for fuel
5442,7
59,7
6038,1
110,9
4787,6
79,3
The export potential of the city in foreign trade has
slightly decreased in 2020 compared to previous years,
the main reason for this is the spread of the Corona
virus epidemic throughout the world and the increased
control of borders between countries, as well as in the
production sectors around the world. Due to the fact
that the decline was observed.
REFERENCES
1.
On the strategy of actions for further development
of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Decree of the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-
4947 of 07.02.2017.
2.
State Statistics Committee of the Republic of
Uzbekistan Fergana Region Statistics Department
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REPORT on the state of socio-economic
development of the city of Kokand in 2016-
2018.Ferghana. 2019. Page 99.
3.
The State Statistics Committee of the Republic of
Uzbekistan Fergana Region Statistics Department
REPORT on the state of socio-economic
development of the city of Kokand in 2017-2019.
Ferghana. 2020. Page 149
4.
State Statistics Committee of the Republic of
Uzbekistan Fergana Region Statistics Department
REPORT on the state of socio-economic
development of the city of Kokand in 2018-2020.
Ferghana. 2021. Page 110
