Vol. 5 No. 11 (2024): Volume 05 Issue 11

The manuscript "Majma‘ al-Arqam" by Mirza Badi-Divan holds significant importance in the development of science in Central Asia, particularly in Bukhara. This work, written in Arabic, Persian, and Turkic, serves as a key source for studying the scientific and cultural history of the Bukhara Emirate in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, as well as the administrative relations of that period. The article highlights the importance of this source in examining the administrative relations of the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

This article provides information on the foreign trade turnover, export and import opportunities of the city of Kokand and their total amount in recent years. Also, the export and import indicators are analyzed year by year, the countries in the foreign trade turnover, trade turnover with them, exported products and their quantity, their share in the total trade and growth indicators are studied based on statistical data.

This article discusses the tax policy pursued by the Soviet authorities in the early years in Turkestan. The difficult economic situation is analyzed in districts, in mountainous areas.The reasons  for the reduced ability of the population to pay taxes, the sharp rise in prices in the markets, the occurrence and causes of famine in districts are analyzed. The position of the pastronal population in mountainous areas information based on archival sourses on thesocial state of Turkestan is given, taxation issues, the state of agriculture are highlighted.

This paper explores the profound influence of Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy on the Indian national movement, focusing on his principles of nonviolent resistance, truth (satyagraha), and self-reliance (swadeshi). By advocating for a form of protest rooted in ethical conviction and moral courage, Gandhi transformed the struggle for independence into a nationwide movement that transcended religious, cultural, and socio-economic divides. His approach to nonviolent resistance empowered ordinary Indians to actively participate in their quest for freedom, creating a legacy that not only shaped India's path to independence but also inspired global movements for social justice. This study examines Gandhi's strategies, including civil disobedience, boycotts, and non-cooperation, as philosophical tools that redefined power dynamics between the oppressor and the oppressed. The paper underscores Gandhi’s enduring legacy, highlighting the relevance of his principles in contemporary socio-political struggles worldwide.

This study examines the intricate dynamics of drug trafficking between India and the Central Asian republics, highlighting the challenges faced by both regions in combating this pervasive issue. With Central Asia serving as a crucial transit point for narcotics originating from Afghanistan, the impact of drug trafficking extends beyond borders, affecting social, economic, and security frameworks in India and its neighboring countries. The research utilizes a mixed-methods approach, incorporating qualitative analysis of policy documents, interviews with law enforcement officials, and quantitative data on drug seizures and trafficking trends. Key findings reveal that inadequate border controls, lack of regional cooperation, and socio-economic factors contribute significantly to the proliferation of drug trafficking. Furthermore, the study identifies various responses adopted by governments, including bilateral agreements, enhanced law enforcement strategies, and community-based prevention programs. By analyzing these challenges and responses, the study aims to contribute to the broader discourse on drug trafficking in the region and propose recommendations for more effective policy interventions.