Volume 05 Issue 11-2024
30
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
11
Pages:
30-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
ABSTRACT
This study explores the concept of equivalence in the translation of financial and economic texts between English and
Uzbek. Equivalence is a central issue in translation theory, and its correct application is crucial for accurate and
contextually relevant translation of economic information. The study examines various types and levels of
equivalence, including formal, dynamic, pragmatic, contextual, and functional equivalence. It also investigates the
challenges posed by non-equivalent lexical items and th
e role of the translator’s linguistic and cultural competence in
finding appropriate solutions. The analysis of parallel texts reveals that full functional equivalence is achieved when
financial terms have the same meaning and function in both languages, while partial and imperfect equivalence
require additional clarification and interpretation. The study also compares source-oriented and target-oriented
translation approaches, highlighting the importance of conveying the meaning and intent of the source text in a way
that is natural and culturally appropriate for the target audience. The findings suggest that successful translation in
the field of finance and economics depends on ensuring linguistic consistency, pragmatic accuracy, and compliance
with international standards. The study emphasizes the need for translators to have specialized knowledge of the field
and to develop a comprehensive understanding of equivalence issues to improve communication between experts in
finance and economics.
KEYWORDS
Research Article
ADEQUACY AND EQUIVALENCE IN FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC
TRANSLATION: STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
BETWEEN ENGLISH AND UZBEK
Submission Date:
November 15, 2024,
Accepted Date:
November 20, 2024,
Published Date:
November 25, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-05-11-08
Shokhida Abdullaeva
Associate Professor, Doctor of Philosophy in Philological Sciences (PhD), Uzbekistan State World
Languages University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9139-2143
Journal
Website:
https://masterjournals.
com/index.php/crjps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 05 Issue 11-2024
31
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
11
Pages:
30-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
Translation studies, equivalence, adequacy, functional equivalence, translation model, translation process, semantic
translation, financial text, equivalence theory, logical connection.
INTRODUCTION
Translation studies constitute a critical factor in
fostering cultural connections between diverse
nations. Translation serves as the primary mode of
communication between distinct linguistic systems,
facilitating the transfer of information across
languages and establishing direct links between
different cultures. Among various translation
methodologies, the identification and translation of
equivalent versions present the most significant
challenge across nearly all languages. The translated
text should maintain equivalence with the original and
evoke a sense of unity with it. Consequently, one of the
primary objectives of translation is to ensure that the
translated text fully assumes the communicative
function of the original while providing a harmonious
balance of artistic merit, content, and structure
commensurate with the expectations of the original
text’s readership. This balance should encompass all
aspects of the translation process.
The relevance of equivalence is evidenced by the fact
that there is no single definition and approach to this
concept. V.N. Komissarov rightly emphasizes in one of
his articles that there is no single interpretation of such
terms as ‘equivalence’, ‘adequacy’, ‘translation model’,
which are considered important concepts in
translation theory. Furthermore, the existence of
several competing translation models among
theoretical approaches complicates the issue. None of
these models have full explanatory power, making the
equivalence problem one of the central issues of
translation theory, requiring in-depth study at different
levels and in different contexts. Some scholars believe
that the concept of equivalence is one of the central
categories not only of translation theory, but also of
the entire science of linguistics. It is observed that
existing translation models cannot fully address this
issue, as some studies have analyzed equivalence only
at a limited level
–
at the word or phrase level, for
example, in Y.I. Retsker’s theory of legal conformity. In
other studies, this issue was considered on the basis of
only one model, for example, L.K. Latyshev conducted
his research within the framework of the functional
equivalence model (Latyshev, 1981). However, some
studies have examined equivalence by applying it to
only one genre. For example, in L.V. Grishkova’s
dissertation, equivalence was analyzed only in the
context of poetic translation. Therefore, the problems
associated with non-equivalent lexical items and their
translation in the translation process, as an integral
part of the equivalence issue, have not yet found their
scientific solution and additional research in this area is
required.
Modern theoretical linguistics offers a wide range of
translation models. The implementation of this
professional rendering is carried out, of course, by
competently translating a certain specific text from
one language into another. Therefore, in this case, the
first thing that a person who is far from linguistics pays
attention to is the use of many similar terms to refer to
these work strategies. Among these strategies, in
particular,
two
most
common
groups
are
distinguished:
1.
‘The attempt to copy the original word for word’;
that
is,
‘correspondence’,
‘equivalence’
and
‘adaptation’ are carried out using methods such as
Volume 05 Issue 11-2024
32
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
11
Pages:
30-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
adaptation, ‘transformation’, ‘adequacy’, and all of
these methods are actually used for the same purpose.
2. In translation, it is necessary to convey the original
meaning using linguistic means. Any translation
process, from the point of view of this science, is
strictly structured, and one approach to viewing the
structure of the text completely excludes another.
That is, among specialists who strictly adhere to certain
directions, not only translation methods but also the
results of their work differ sharply.
Equivalence is one of the most frequently used
concepts in the translation process in the field of
finance and economics. It is used not only to indicate
the degree of alternativeness in translation, but also as
a method of transferring lexical units from the source
language to the target language. In this paragraph, we
will discuss this function of equivalence in the
translation of texts in the field of finance and
economics. Equivalence includes linguistic units such
as morphemes, words, phrases, sentences, idioms, and
terms.
In the field of translation, many scholars have
conducted research on the concept of equivalence.
Some translation scholars argue that strict adherence
to the norms of the target language, while accurately
conveying the main content, is an important criterion
for equivalent translation, and such an approach is
considered acceptable. In general, the concept of
equivalence means ‘equality’ or ‘compatibility’.
Equivalence is considered from two perspectives: the
first aspect is complete uniformity or perfect
correspondence, and the second aspect is a means of
substitution suitable for meaning.
The issue of equivalence arises, especially in the
translation process, in connection with ensuring the
mutual compatibility of different language units at the
morphological, syntactic, lexical and stylistic levels. In
this case, the task of the translator is to create logical
correspondence for linguistic units in the source
language, even in cases where there is no direct
equivalent in the target language. The level of
equivalence
requires
not
only
grammatical
correspondence, but also correspondence to the
contextual meaning and communicative purpose of
the text. Also, in the theory of equivalence, the issue of
non-equivalent lexis that arise in the translation
process also requires special attention, since each
language has its own cultural and semantic elements.
This issue requires a deep study of the linguistic and
cultural competence of the translator. Because in some
cases, it is necessary to interpret and translate lexical
units that are not directly equivalent or to use
adaptation strategies. Therefore, it is necessary to
consider equivalence in translation not only in the
concept of equality, but also as functional and
pragmatic compatibility.
The process of equivalence in translation occurs when
the reader forms the correct information when moving
from the source language to the target language. Since
the goal of translation is to establish an equivalence
relationship between the original and the target text, a
full-fledged translation can be assessed according to
two criteria:
1) reliability and accuracy (translating the meaning of
the original text accurately without adding or
subtracting ideas from it);
2) transparency (preserving the grammatical,
syntactic, and idiomatic conventions of the language
for a specific purpose).
J.C.
Catford defines translation as ‘the replacement or
modification of textual material in one language by
equivalent textual material in another language’
(Catford, 1965; 21). As V.N. Komissarov noted, one of
the main conditions of translation is equivalence and
Volume 05 Issue 11-2024
33
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
11
Pages:
30-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
its degrees. According to J.C. Catford, the main
problem of translation practice is to find equivalents in
the target language (Catford, 1965). The main goal of
translation theory is to describe the nature and
phenomena of translation equivalence.
Translation is a special type of interlingual
communication, a creative process that requires
greater emphasis on the semantic aspect of the two
language systems. This is the basis for the
completeness of a certain information or information,
which is the semantic harmony of texts in different
languages. One of the tasks of linguistic translation is
to determine the concept of translational equivalence.
Semantic translation problems are manifested as part
of linguistic problems related to the study of the
content aspect of language in financial and economic
texts. Their solution often requires the study of lexical
units, their semantic properties, and general linguistic
aspects in financial and economic texts. For this
reason, the concept of ‘equivalence’ is con
sidered one
of the main problems in the problems of linguistic
translation of financial and economic texts.
According to S.Halverson’s approach, ‘equivalence is
defined as a relationship between two objects, and the
relationship is characterized as a relationship of
similarity, equality in terms of any potential, qualities’
(Halverson, 1997). Equivalent translation occurs when
two languages and two texts are close in form and
content. A.Pym states that ‘equivalence should
determine translation, and translation, in turn,
determines equivalence’ (Pym, 2007).
Since the complete correspondence of the content of
the translation and the original is one of the important
laws, scholars consider equivalence to be the main sign
and condition of translation. In this regard, Q.Musaev
defines equivalent translation as ‘replacing a text in
one language with a text of the same level in another
language’ (Musaev, 2005). The scientist recognizes
that the concept of ‘equivalence’ refers to the quality
and high value of a translation:
1) word-level equivalence
–
when determining word-
level equivalence, a translator must consider a number
of factors, such as gender and tense, when considering
a single word;
2) grammatical equivalence is expressed in various
grammatical categories (number, tense, aspect, case,
person-number, gender) across languages;
3) textual equivalence is achieved when there is
equality between the source text and the target text in
terms of information and sequence. The translator
must work based on three fact
ors: ‘text type’, ‘purpose
of translation’ and ‘audience’;
4) through pragmatic equivalence, the translator
attempts to convey to readers the culture of another
nation by reflecting it in the translated text (Baker,
2011).
According to Q.Musayev, the equivalence relationship
between the original and translated texts is mainly
manifested as follows:
1. In the first type of equivalence, the correspondence
of translations to the original is evident at an
imperceptible level. In this type of translation, the
relationship between the original and the translation
mainly takes these forms.
2. In the second type of equivalence, the closeness of
the translation to the original is explained by the fact
that the meanings of the linguistic means used are not
the same. Although there is no direct similarity
between the majority of words and syntactic devices
that make up the original and the translated texts in
this group, the bilingual texts are more similar in
content than in the first type of equivalence.
Volume 05 Issue 11-2024
34
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
11
Pages:
30-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
3. In the third type of equivalence, the following
features are noticeable between the original and
translated texts: the expressive means of two
languages that are compatible in content are not
completely compatible in terms of lexical content and
sometimes syntactic construction.
4. In the fourth type of equivalence, the relationship
between the original and the translation is explained
by the greater similarity of the lexical contents of the
two language texts, that is, there is a need to find
words in the target language that are close in meaning
to most of the words in the original, as well as to use a
means of expression in the target language with a
syntactic construction that corresponds to the
syntactic construction of the means of expression in
the original.
5. The fifth type of equivalence is characterized by a
high level of equivalence between the original and the
translated texts. This type of equivalence is
characterized by the fact that the texts of the two
languages have the same structure, complete similarity
of lexical content, and the complete preservation of
the main parts of the original in the translation
(Musaev, 2005; 56).
In our opinion, in the translation of financial and
economic texts, which is our object, equivalent
translation is the process of fully interpreting the
content of the original into another language in terms
of functional and stylistic aspects. It means that the
content of financial and economic texts, which is
composed of a set of linguistic signs, is functionally
recreated in translation.
Degrees of equivalence between the original and
translated texts
We will consider in detail the issues of equivalence
levels between the original and the translated texts. In
translation practice, equivalence is not limited to
ensuring substantive equality. It includes various
methods of creating compatibility at the linguistic,
semantic, pragmatic and stylistic levels. Equivalence as
a translation method can be divided into several main
types, each of which is used depending on the type and
purpose of the text. Below we will list some of the
types of equivalence:
1. Formal equivalence. Literal translation refers to the
direct translation of lexical units, sentence structures,
and grammatical forms in a text. It is most often used
in the translation of technical and scientific texts.
2. Dynamic equivalence. The main goal is to convey the
content of the text to the reader in a clear and natural
way. In this method, communicative effectiveness is
considered
more
important
than
linguistic
compatibility.
3. Pragmatic equivalence. It takes into account cultural
context and nuances of meaning. Requires adaptations
when information in the original language is not
directly understood in the target language.
4. Contextual equivalence. Meaning is conveyed
through contextual alternatives in the target language
of expressions or phrases in the original language. This
method is often found in the translation of advertising
and literary texts.
5. Functional equivalence. The main focus is on the
function of language units in the text. That is, the aim
is to translate the grammatical and stylistic elements
specific to each language into another language in a
correct functional sense.
The above types of equivalence are used based on
different problems and goals that arise in translation
practice. Each type requires taking into account the
specific complexities of the translation process and
choosing the appropriate approach depending on the
type of text.
Volume 05 Issue 11-2024
35
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
11
Pages:
30-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
METHODS
This study employed a mixed-methods approach to
investigate equivalence in the translation of financial
and economic texts between English and Uzbek. A
collection of certain financial and economic texts,
including reports, articles, and official documents, was
compiled from reputable sources in both languages.
These texts were selected based on their relevance to
contemporary
economic
issues
and
their
representation of diverse financial terminology.
That is to say that the translations were analyzed
according to the types of equivalence, including
formal, dynamic, pragmatic, contextual, and functional
equivalence. We used a standardized rubric to evaluate
the accuracy, clarity, and cultural appropriateness of
the translations.
Finally, a comparative analysis was performed to
synthesize the findings from the data and assessments
according to the rubric. This triangulation of methods
allowed for a comprehensive understanding of the
complexities involved in achieving equivalence in
financial and economic translations between English
and Uzbek.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Equivalence
–
in this case, a completely different
alternative expression is used for the same situation,
i.e. proverbs or idiomatic expressions are examples of
these. The following words are translated into English
using this method. For example: a call money
–
muddatli kredit (kafolatli qarz);
In English: The broker then borrows the needed money
from a bank so the client can buy the shares. The bank
can call the loan at any time and charges a call money
rate plus 0.1%.
In Uzbek: Broker bankdan kerakli pulni qarzga oladi
ya’ni mijoz aksiyalarni sotib oladi. Bank istalgan vaqtd
a
kreditga da’vo qilishi (qaytarib olishi) mumkin va
mudatli kredit foiz stavkasi bo‘yicha 0,1% oshig‘i bilan
undiradi.
Debt bomb
–
qarzga botish, inqirozga yuz
tutish;nochorlik.
In English: The Debt Bomb: A Bold Plan to Stop
Washington from Bankrupting.
In Uzbek: Iqtisodiy nochor: Vashingtonni bankrotlikdan
(inqirozdan) to‘xtatish uchun istiqbolli reja.
Transaction deposit
–
hisobga pul qo‘yish.
In English: Transaction deposits can be made at a
branch of the bank, at an ATM, and by transferring
funds from another account.
In Uzbek: Hisobga pul qo‘yish bank filialida,
bankomatda va boshqa hisobvaraqdan pul o‘tkazish
yo‘li bilan amalga oshirilishi mumkin.
In English: Transaction accounts allow account holders
easy access to their money. These accounts may earn
interest, but typically they do not.
In Uzbek: Tranzaksiya hisoblari hisob egalariga
pullariga oson kirish imkonini beradi.
It is understood that in the translation of texts in the
field of finance and economics, the functional
manifestation of equivalence in the translation process
differs in two cases, in particular, the degree of mutual
correspondence between the original and translated
texts and the function of equivalence as a translation
method.
In the field of finance and economics, functional
equivalence is the process of finding the correct
equivalent in another language of an economic
concept or financial term present in the original text.
The translator must find the closest and most relevant
equivalent in a way that makes financial and economic
terms in different languages understandable, while
Volume 05 Issue 11-2024
36
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
11
Pages:
30-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
preserving their meaning. In this process, it is
important to take into account not only the lexical
meaning, but also the cultural and economic contexts.
According to the results of the analyzed texts, the
features of functional equivalence in the translation of
texts in the field of finance and economics are mainly
described as follows:
1. Conveying full meaning. In order for financial terms
or economic concepts to be understandable in their
cultural context, it is necessary to preserve their
meaning.
2. Contextual relevance. A concept or term translated
into another language must be relevant and
understandable in the financial and economic context
of that country.
3. Consider technical and legal aspects. The translated
term should also reflect the technical and legal aspects
of the economy, as some financial terms may be
related to legal boundaries.
4. Clarity and fluency. The translated text should be in
the clear and fluent language typical of economic
texts, which requires the closest and most accurate
translation of terms. For example, the English term
‘stock options’ can be directly translated in
to Uzbek as
‘aksiya opsiyalari’. However, this term is not widely
used or may be incomprehensible in Uzbek. Using
functional equivalence, this term can be translated as
‘aksiya sotib olish huquqi’. Because this expression
clearly reflects its original meaning and conveys the
essence of the financial concept.
Another example: The English term ‘leasing’ is often
translated as ‘lizing’. However, in places where this
term is not understood at all in Uzbek, it may need to
be translated as ‘ijaraga berish’ or ‘mulkni ijaraga olish’.
In this case, the translator explains the main function
of the term, while maintaining functional equivalence,
since it is argued that in both cases the same economic
process is described.
Levels of the functional equivalence
In the translation of texts related to the financial and
economic fields, it is also found that there are
significant levels of functional equivalence. In this case,
in the lexicon of the target language in the financial and
economic field, a word is replaced by a word that
corresponds to the style of the text that performs the
same function in the lexicon of the source language.
The following financial and economic sentences are
translated into English using this method:
Mortage loan
–
ipoteka kredit (qarz).
In English: Mortgages are loans that are used to buy
homes and other types of real estate.
Translation into Uzbek: Ipoteka
–
bu uy-joy va boshqa
turdagi
ko‘chmas
mulkni
sotib
olish
uchun
mo‘ljallangan kreditlar.
In English: Mortgages are available in a variety of types,
including fixed-rate and adjustable-rate.
Translation into Uzbek: Ipoteka kreditlari har xil
turlarda, jumladan, belgilangan va kelishiladigan
stavkalari mavjud.
In English: Green currency
–
a currency of EU country
that uses an artificial rate of exchange to protect farm
prices from fluctuations in the real rates of exchange
(Clark, 2006; 173).
Translation into Uzbek: Fermer xo‘jaliklari narxlarini
real valyuta kurslarining o‘zgarishidan himoya qilish
uchun sun’iy kursdan foydalanadigan Yevropa
Ittifoqi
mamlakatining yashil valyutasi (imtiyozli valyutasi).
Green money
–
yashil mablag‘ yoki eko mablag‘.
Volume 05 Issue 11-2024
37
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
11
Pages:
30-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
In English: Green money is a medium of exchange used
to fund and support ecological endeavors in promotion
of the environmental economy.
Translat
ion into Uzbek: Yashil mablag eko mablag‘ –
bu
atrof-
muhit iqtisodiyotini rag‘batlantirishda ekologik
sa’y
-
harakatlarni moliyalashtirish va qo‘llab
-quvvatlash
uchun ishlatiladigan ayirboshlash vositasi.
In the process of analysis, we can see another unique
typological feature, a term close to this concept in the
Uzbek language. 1-eko (muhofaza) (yillik). Tabiatni
muhofaza qilish to‘g‘risida hisobot. In addition, lexical
units such as ‘yashil iqtisodiyot, yashil taraqqiyot’ are
actively used. In the examples below, we can see that
the functional properties are similar.
Translation into Uzbek: 2-eko shakli (yillik). Atmosfera
havosini muhofaza qilish to‘g‘risida 2012
-yil hisoboti
(“Explanations on filling”, 2012).
Yashil iqtisodiyot bu iqtisodiy tizim bo‘li
b, uning asosiy
maqsadi sayyoramizning ekologiyasi va uni saqlab
qolish bilan birga iqtisodiyotning barcha sohalarini
rivojlantirishga qaratilgan.
Bugungi kunda “yashil taraqqiyot” borasidagi
maqsadlarga
erishish
uchun
mamlakatlarning
harakatlari yanada fa
ol va samarali bo‘lishi kerakligiga
hech kim shubha qilmayapti.
The examples show that the relationship between the
original and the translation is explained by the greater
similarity of the lexical content of the financial and
economic texts of the two languages. Therefore, it is
advisable to find words or concepts in the target
language that are close in meaning to most financial
and economic words in the original, as well as to use in
the target language a means of expression with a
syntactic structure that corresponds to the syntactic
structure of the means of expression in the original.
It is understood that the levels of functional
equivalence in the translation of texts related to the
fields of finance and economics determine how
accurately and appropriately various financial and
economic concepts are translated into another
language during the translation process. These levels
depend on the degree to which the meaning, context,
and functional content of the original term are
preserved. The three main levels of functional
equivalence are listed below:
1. Full functional equivalence
. At this level, a term or
concept translated into another language is fully and
accurately translated. The meaning, context, and
function of the term remain unchanged. This is usually
the case between countries with similar financial or
economic systems. For example, the English word
‘inflation’ is directly translated into Uzbek as
‘inflyatsiya’. This term has the same meaning and
function as an economic process in both languages. For
users of both languages, this concept represents the
same economic problem, which means full functional
equivalence. Inflation (inflyatsiya) is one of the
important concepts in economics, and it is considered
one of the terms with full functional equivalence,
because this concept means the same thing in many
economic systems. Let us look at an example in
context:
In English: Inflation in the country increased by 5% last
year, leading to a rise in consumer prices for basic
goods like food and fuel. This has reduced the
purchasing power of the local currency, making it
harder for people to afford everyday items.
Translation into Uzbek: Mamlakatda o‘tgan yili
inflyatsiya 5% ga oshdi, bu esa oziq-
ovqat va yoqilg‘i
kabi
asosiy
tovarlarning
iste’mol
narx
larining
ko‘tarilishiga olib keldi. Bu mahalliy valyutaning sotib
Volume 05 Issue 11-2024
38
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
11
Pages:
30-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
olish qobiliyatini pasaytirdi va odamlar uchun kundalik
mahsulotlarni sotib olishni qiyinlashtirdi.
In this example, the word ‘inflation’ is translated as
‘inflyatsiya’, and this term has th
e same meaning and
function in economics in both English and Uzbek. It
refers to the increase in prices of goods and services
due to an increase in the inflation rate, thereby
reducing the purchasing power of consumers. In both
languages, this concept describes the same economic
process. Therefore, the word ‘inflation’ has full
functional equivalence in the field of finance and
economics.
2. Partial functional equivalence
. At this level, the
function or meaning of the original term is not fully
consistent with the new language, but its basic
meaning or significance is preserved during the
translation process. In this case, the translator may
sometimes add additional commentary or clarification.
For example, the English term ‘bonds’ is translated into
Uzbek
as ‘obligatsiyalar’. This term is technically
compatible, but due to the difference in economic
systems, additional commentary may be required
about the specific features of the concept. For
example, in some countries, the taxation or financial
legal aspects of bonds may differ, which indicates
partial functional equivalence.
In English: The government issued 10-year bonds with
a fixed interest rate of 3%. These bonds are considered
a safe investment, as they are backed by the state, and
investors are guaranteed periodic interest payments.
Translation
into
Uzbek:
Hukumat
10
yillik
obligatsiyalarni 3% foiz stavkasi bilan chiqardi. Bu
obligatsiyalar davlat tomonidan kafolatlanganligi
sababli xavfsiz investitsiya deb hisoblanadi va
investorlar
uchun
muntazam
fo
iz
to‘lovlari
kafolatlanadi.
In this example, the word ‘bond’ is translated as
‘obligatsiya’, and this term has partial functional
equivalence. In both languages, ‘bond’ or ‘obligatsiya’
refers to a debt obligation issued by a government or
corporation that provides regular interest payments to
the investor. The difference is that the terms of
issuance, taxation, level of guarantee, and market
mechanisms for bonds vary from country to country.
For example, in some countries, government bonds
may not be taxable, while in others, they may have
various tax incentives. Therefore, the word ‘bond’ may
not always have a fully equivalent translation and may
require additional explanation or interpretation
depending on the context. In this case, the term
‘obligatsiya’ represents partial functional equivalence,
because although it generally conveys the same
concept, its technical details differ between countries.
3. Imperfect functional equivalence
. In this case, the
terms are used for concepts that do not clearly
correspond to the translation or are not sufficiently
understood in the country's economic system. Hedge
fund (hedj fondi) is one such term that is not widely
used or well understood in many countries, including
Uzbekistan. Therefore, additional clarification is
required during the translation process. At this level,
the term or concept will not be translated correctly
into the new language, as the differences between the
two systems are significant. The translator is forced to
look for words or phrases that explain the essence of
the term. The translator may provide an explanation
such as ‘risklarni boshqarish uchun qo‘llaniladigan
investitsion fond’:
In English: Hedge funds are investment vehicles that
use various strategies, including leverage and short-
selling, to maximize returns. These funds are usually
open to accredited investors and are less regulated
than mutual funds, allowing them to take higher risks
for potentially higher rewards.
Volume 05 Issue 11-2024
39
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
11
Pages:
30-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
Translation into Uzbek: Hedj fondlari turli strategiyalar,
jumladan, qarz olish va qisqa sotuvdan foydalanib,
daromadni maksimal darajada oshirishga intiladigan
investitsiya
vositalaridir.
Bu
fondlar
odatda
akkredi
tatsiyadan o‘tgan investorlar uchun ochiq
bo‘lib, o‘zaro fondlarga qaraganda kamroq tartibga
solinadi, bu esa ularga katta tavakkalchiliklar hisobiga
yuqori daromad olish imkoniyatini beradi.
Although the terms ‘hedge fund’ and ‘hedj fondi’ are
translated correctly in terms of meaning, the
acceptance or understanding of this term is not always
the same. In economic systems such as Uzbekistan,
such funds may not exist or they may be rarely used.
Therefore, the meaning is not fully reflected until the
translated term is correctly explained or interpreted. In
this case, there is imperfect functional equivalence,
because the economic function and meaning of a
hedge fund may not be fully understood or applied
according to different market conditions.
To take another example, the term offshore (offshor)
is one of the more complex concepts used in finance
and economics, and it can be difficult to fully
understand and accept in many countries. Especially in
countries with different financial and legal systems, the
term may have imperfect functional equivalence:
In English: Many multinational corporations set up
offshore subsidiaries in countries with favorable tax
regulations to minimize their tax liabilities. These
offshore entities often operate in jurisdictions that
provide financial secrecy and lower regulatory
burdens.
Translation
into
Uzbek:
Ko‘plab
xalqaro
korporatsiyalar soliq yukini kamaytirish maqsadida
soliqqa qulay sharoitlarga ega bo‘lgan mamlakatlarda
offshor sho‘ba korxonalarini tashkil etishadi. Bu
offs
hor subyektlar ko‘pincha moliyaviy maxfiylik va
past tartibga solish talablariga ega hududlarda faoliyat
yuritadi.
From this example, it can be understood that ‘offshore’
is translated into Uzbek as ‘offshor’. The term refers to
a company or financial activity operating in another
country in a financial legal sense. However, this
concept, especially in developing economies, may not
be fully understood or misinterpreted. Why is it an
imperfect equivalent? In the Uzbek economic and legal
system, the term ‘offshor’ may be less widely used or
its legal mechanisms may be less understood. In some
countries, ‘offshor’ may simply mean operating
abroad, but its broader meaning, which includes
financial and legal secrecy, tax benefits, or operating in
high-risk locations, is less well understood. Therefore,
until this term is fully explained, it is considered an
imperfect functional equivalent. In this case, the term
‘offshor’ reflects an imperfect functional equivalence
in Uzbekistan or similar economic systems, since the
broad meaning and features of the term may not be
fully understood or used.
The term ‘bank teller’ translates into Uzbek as ‘bank
kassiri’. A bank cashier is an employee who provides
customer service at a bank, and their main duties
include accepting funds, making payments, managing
accounts, and performing other daily banking
operations:
In English: The bank teller helped me deposit my check
and withdraw some cash.
Translation into Uzbek: Bank kassiri menga chekni
depozit qilishim va biroz naqd pul olishimda yordam
berdi.
This translation has full functional equivalence, as in
both languages the term refers to an employee
performing the same task.
Volume 05 Issue 11-2024
40
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
11
Pages:
30-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
In addition, in the translation of financial and economic
texts, figurative equivalence is a method in which the
meaning of a word denoting a lexical unit is explained
and described using several lexemes. The figurative
equivalence method in the translation of financial and
economic texts is used when it is not possible to
directly translate some lexical units or when the term
is not widely used in a given language. In this method,
the essence of the term is explained and explained
using several words or phrases. It is usually used for
complex financial concepts. For instance, ‘leveraged
buyout’ (LBO). If we we
re to translate this term directly
into Uzbek, it could be translated as ‘qarz vositalaridan
foydalangan holda sotib olish’, but this phrase requires
a broader interpretation.
Descriptive equivalence. Leveraged buyout
–
bu
kompaniyani sotib olish jarayoni
bo‘lib, bunda xaridor
asosiy moliyalashtirishni qarz vositalari orqali amalga
oshiradi va sotib olinayotgan kompaniyaning aktivlari
garovga qo‘yiladi. Ushbu qarz vositalari kompaniya
sotib olingandan keyin uning daromadlari hisobidan
qoplanadi.
In this exa
mple, the term ‘leveraged buyout’ is
explained in more detail using the method of figurative
equivalence. In this, the process of buying a company
using debt is explained and described with several
lexemes for proper understanding in Uzbek. Another
example
is the word ‘derivatives’ can be difficult to
translate directly into Uzbek. Although it is usually
translated as ‘hosilalar’, additional explanation is
required to understand this concept:
Derivatives
–
bu moliyaviy instrumentlar bo‘lib,
ularning qiymati boshqa aktivlardan kelib chiqadi.
Masalan, aksiyalar, valyutalar yoki tovarlar bo‘lishi
mumkin.
Derivativlar
kelgusida
narxlarning
o‘zgarishidan foyda olish uchun ishlatiladi.
In this case, too, the concept of the term is explained
with a broader explanation using figurative
equivalence. Therefore, figurative equivalence is
necessary for the correct and understandable
translation of financial and economic concepts,
especially in cases where a direct translation of the
term does not exist or is not widely used. With the help
of this method, the meaning of the term is explained in
detail, thereby the reader better understands the
concept.
Functional equivalence levels represent the level of
precision of the approach to preserving meaning in the
translation of financial terms. In the fields of finance
and economics, it is very important to take into
account differences between different cultures and
economic systems.
Equivalence
implies
complete
correspondence
between texts. The terms adequacy and adequate are
manifested in translation as a process. In financial and
economic
texts,
equivalence
expresses
the
relationship between two texts across cultures and
performs similar communicative functions. For
example:
poverty
reduction
–
kambag‘allikni
qisqartirish,
ka
mbag‘allikni
kamaytirish,
kam
ta’minlanganlikni qisqartirish;
In English: Social fund programs need to be integrated
into a national public investment for longterm poverty
reduction, making use of NGO participation and civil
society consultations, as in those countries where
NGOs help prepare country assistance strategies
(Bigio, 1998).
Translation into Uzbek: Ijtimoiy fond dasturlari uzoq
muddatli
kambag‘allikni
qisqartirish
maqsadida
nodavlat tashkilotlar ishtiroki va fuqarolik jamiyati bilan
maslahatlash
uvlarni qo‘llagan holda milliy davlat
investitsiya rejasiga integratsiya qilinishi lozim. Bunday
yondashuv, nodavlat tashkilotlar mamlakatga yordam
Volume 05 Issue 11-2024
41
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
11
Pages:
30-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
strategiyalarini ishlab chiqishda ko‘maklashadigan
davlatlar tajribasida ham qo‘llanilgan.
In English: Environmental concerns in development
projects are connected directly to poverty reduction
goals (Bigio, 1998; 10).
Translation into Uzbek: Ekologik muammolarni
rivojlantirish loyihalarida bevosita qashshoqlikni
kamaytirish maqsadlari bilan bog‘liq.
It is worth noting that, unlike English, in the Uzbek
language, synonymous lexical combinations that
perform the same communicative function have been
formed and actively used to express this concept. For
example, in Uzbek:
Kambag‘allikni qisqartirish masalasi muh
okama qilindi.
O‘zbekistonda kam ta’minlanganlikni qisqartirishdagi
dolzarb vazifalari: muammolar va ularni hal qilish
yo‘llari.
Kambag‘allikni kamaytirish –
bu aholida tadbirkorlik
ruhini uyg‘otish, kasbga tayyorlash va ish o‘rinlarini
ko‘paytirishga qaratilgan kompleks vazifadir (“New
poverty reduction”, 2023).
From the analysis of the examples, it can be seen that
equivalence includes not only speech units, but also
intertextual relationships, and textual equivalence may
not imply the equivalence of each of its segments.
When approaching terms from the perspective of
interpretation, it is considered to what extent the
linguistic units within the term and its definition are
compatible and equivalent. In the process of
translating texts in the field of finance and economics,
it is necessary to find a lexeme that can express the
meaning of the term in the language being translated
and take into account its lexical compatibility. In
particular:
Realities
‘Temir daftar’ is a database for registering, identifying,
eliminating, and monitoring families with difficult
social and living conditions and those under special
supervision by sector leaders.
In English: Give one-time financial support to the
following segments of the population in September,
2020: to the children who did not reach 16 years from
the families included in lists of persons in need in
financial support and support (‘temir daftar’ (PR
-4815,
2020));
Translation into Uzbek: 2020-yil sentabr oyida aholining
quyidagi qatlamlariga bir martalik moddiy yordam
ko‘rsatilsin: moddiy yordam va qo‘llab
-quvvatlashga
muhtoj shaxslar ro‘yxatiga kiritilgan oilalarning 16
yoshga to‘lmagan farzandlariga (“temir daftar”);
In English: Special attention is paid to those who are
registered in “Temir daftar”, “Ayollar daftari”,
“Yoshlar daftari” mahallas, to restore their health and
provide employment (“The system of work
“Mahallabay””, 2021).
Translation into Uzbek: “Temir daftar”, “Ayollar
daftari”, “Yoshlar daftari” mahallalarida ro‘yxatga
olinganlarni
salomatligini
tiklash,
bandligini
ta’minlashga alohida e’tibor qaratilmoqda.
These concepts are available in English as ‘financial
social
assistance,
welfare
assistance’,
‘social
assistance’, ‘financial aid’. In addi
tion, Social Security is
mainly assistance provided in cases such as retirement,
disability, or unemployment.
Approaches to the translation process
In addition, there are two different approaches to the
translation process: source-oriented translation and
target-oriented translation.
Source-oriented translation
(also called ‘formal
equivalence’ or ‘fidelity to the source’) aims to be as
Volume 05 Issue 11-2024
42
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
11
Pages:
30-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
close as possible to the structure, style, and words of
the source text. In this approach, the main task is to
reproduce the form of the source text and preserve its
linguistic and cultural characteristics. Source-oriented
translation often attempts to emphasize the language
and culture of the work, but this is often done at the
expense of naturalness or clarity in the target
language.
Target-oriented translation
(or ‘dynamic equivalence’,
‘functional equivalence’) prioritizes conveying the
meaning and intent of the source text in a way that is
natural and culturally appropriate for the target
audience. In this approach, translation focuses on
creating a text that is fluent and effective in the target
language, even if this sometimes requires some
deviation from the exact form of the source text. This
translation is clear and fluent for the target audience
and effectively conveys the meaning of the source
text. Thus, the difference between source-oriented
and target-oriented translations mainly depends on
the structure of the translation and its ability to be
received appropriately by the target audience.
Source-oriented
transla
tion:
‘Inflation
erodes
purchasing power, making goods and services more
expensive’.
Translation into Uzbek: ‘Inflyatsiya xarid qobiliyatini
yo‘qotadi, tovarlar va xizmatlarni qimmatroq qiladi’.
Target-
oriented
translation:
‘Inflation
erodes
purchasing power, making goods and services more
expensive’.
Translation into Uzbek: ‘Inflyatsiya sababli xarid
qobiliyati kamayadi, bu esa tovarlar va xizmatlarning
narxini oshiradi’.
Source-oriented translation preserves the structure of
the source text and translates word-for-word. Target-
oriented translation focuses on conveying the meaning
of the text more accurately and more naturally for the
target audience.
The equivalence relationship between the original and
translated texts is mainly expressed as follows:
1. In the first type of equivalence, the correspondence
of translations to the original is barely noticeable. In
this type of translation, the relationship between the
original and the translation is mainly described as
follows. For instance: ‘Davlat subsidiy
alar orqali
kambag‘al oilalarga moliyaviy yordam ko‘rsatadi’.
Translation into English: ‘The government provides
financial assistance to poor families through subsidies’.
In this example, the translation fully reflects the
meaning and context of the original sentence, but
some words and structures are not changed during the
translation process, resulting in a lack of coherence
between the original and the translation. This type of
translation is more focused on conveying the exact and
correct meaning.
Inconsistency in lexical content and syntactic
construction, for example:
In Uzbek: ‘Bizning kompaniyamiz moliyaviy risklarni
boshqarish bo‘yicha ekspertlarga ega’.
Translation into English: ‘Our company has experts in
managing financial risks’.
The Uzbek expr
ession ‘moliyaviy risklarni boshqarish’ is
translated into English as ‘managing financial risks’.
However, the word ‘moliya’ may have its own
synonyms, such as ‘finances’ or ‘financial matters’.
These words are close in meaning, but they can all be
used differently depending on the context.
Syntactic construction: While in Uzbek the phrase
‘bizning kompaniyamiz’ comes as a primary, in English
the structure of ‘our company’ is more simple and
straightforward syntactic order. Syntactic rules in
Volume 05 Issue 11-2024
43
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
11
Pages:
30-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
other languages, including the placement of object and
subject, can sometimes lead to inconsistencies. It
seems that in the example, lexical and syntactic
inconsistencies can change the accuracy and style of
the translation. It is important for the translator to
choose the most appropriate and effective style,
taking into account the context:
A.
Despite the fact that the same idea is
expressed in both cases, there is no obvious direct
substantive or logical connection between the
information expressed in the original and the
translation. In particular:
In Uzbek: ‘Kompaniya yangi moliyaviy strategiyani joriy
etish orqali daromadni oshirishni maqsad qilmoqda’.
Translation into English: ‘The company aims to increase
its revenue by implementing a new financial strategy’.
Content connection. In the original sentence, the term
‘daromadni oshirish’ is specifically related to the
company’s goals. In the translation, the phrase ‘aims to
increase its revenue’ reflects this idea, but it is
expressed through different syntactic constructions
and words. In this case, although the meaning is the
same, the direct connection is not noticeable due to
the specific structure of each language.
Logical connection. The original sentence uses the
term ‘joriy etish’, which is translated into Engl
ish as
‘implementing’. Both expressions have similar
meanings, but the first emphasizes more change and
innovation, while the second focuses on the process of
implementation. In this example, although both
sentences express the same idea, the style of
expression and logical connections are different. It is
important for the translator to choose the most
correct and understandable expressions, taking into
account the context and purpose.
B.
The degree of similarity between the
content of the original and the translated texts is
extremely low compared to other translations
recognized as equivalent.
A situation where the degree of similarity between the
content of the original and the translated texts is low
compared to other translations recognized as
equivalent can be seen in the following example in the
financial context:
In Uzbek: Moliya vazirligi yangi soliqlarni joriy etish
orqali
davlat
byudjetini
kengaytirishni
rejalashtirmoqda.
Trans
lation into English: ‘The Ministry of Finance is
planning to increase the state budget through the
introduction of new tax regulations’.
From a general point of view, the Uzbek sentence
‘yangi soliqlarni joriy etish’ specifically refers to new
taxes. The E
nglish translation uses the phrase ‘the
introduction of new tax regulations’. Here, the term
‘tax regulations’ (‘soliq qoidalari’) refers to the
application and regulation of taxes, rather than their
introduction. This is different in terms of content.
In terms of purpose and context, the sentence in
Uzbek directly expresses the goal of expanding the
state budget, while in English it is indicated that this
process is carried out through legal regulation. This
difference reduces the level of generality and changes
the logical connection.
In this example, the degree of similarity between the
original and the translation is low, because the
translation loses a certain context and the content may
be understood differently as a result of the changes.
The transla
tor’s purpose and style of explanation play
an important role.
When comparing these types of translations with their
originals, it is clear that they usually depend on the
Volume 05 Issue 11-2024
44
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
11
Pages:
30-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
meaning and form of lexical and grammatical units in
the source texts and are not directly translated. They
are created on the basis of generalized or aggregated
meanings that are determined by the whole set of
expressions. In this type, the meaning is often
expressed in implied or implied meaning, and in such
cases, the direct meaning is left out.
2. In the second type of equivalence, the closeness of
the translation to the original is characterized by the
non-homogeneity of the meanings of the linguistic
means used. In this type, there is no obvious similarity
between the majority of words and syntactic devices
that make up the original and the translated texts. The
two language texts are more similar in content than in
the first type of equivalence:
In
Uzbek:
‘Bizning kompaniyamiz
xarajatlarni
kamaytirish va rentabellikni oshirish bo‘yic
ha yangi
strategiyalar ishlab chiqmoqda’.
Translation into English: ‘Our company is developing
new strategies to reduce costs and increase
profitability’.
The Uzbek expressions ‘xarajatlarni kamaytirish’ and
the English expressions ‘reduce costs’ have simi
lar
meanings, but the words and their order are different.
The Uzbek term ‘rentabellikni oshirish’ is translated
into English as ‘increase profitability’, where there is
also a similarity, but the words used and their syntactic
structure are different. Both sentences express the
goals of the company, namely reducing costs and
increasing profitability. However, the words and
syntactic structures do not completely match each
other, which is characteristic of the second type of
equivalence. Thus, there is a substantial similarity
between the original and the translation in many
respects, but there is no direct proximity between the
words and syntactic devices. The translator tries to
preserve the meaning and context in this process.
In these expressions, financial and economic lexemes
are aimed at forming similar images based on the
description of different phenomena. The commonality
between the original and the translation is formed by
life relationships and specific linguistic means, which
means that the same idea is expressed on the basis of
different lexical units. Therefore, in this form of
equivalence, even though the idea is expressed
differently in different languages, they serve to
describe the same situation. This situation arises on the
basis of the non-human experience of specialists and
communicators in the field of finance and economics.
In particular, in texts in the field of finance and
economics, the logical-semantic connection between
English and Uzbek equivalent expressions with
different constructions is clearly visible:
In
Uzbek:
“Kompaniya
moliyaviy
hisobotlarni
tayyorlash jarayonida barcha xarajatlarni aniqlik bilan
belgilashi kerak”.
Translation into English: ‘The company must accurately
identify all expenses during the process of preparing
financial reports’.
The logical-semantic connection of the Uzbek
expression
‘moliyaviy
hisobotlarni
tayyorlash
jarayonida’ is translated into English as ‘during the
process of preparing financial reports’. Both sentences
express the same process and context, namely, the
preparation of financial reports.
The sentence ‘Barcha xarajatlarni aniqlik bilan
belgilashi kerak’ is expressed in English as ‘must
accurately identify all expenses’. Here, ‘aniqlik bilan’
and ‘accurately’ have similar meanings and provide
a
logical connection. Differences in construction: While
the Uzbek sentence uses the expression ‘aniqlik bilan
belgilashi’ (to identify accurately), the English sentence
uses the structure ‘accurately identify’. Here,
differences in language structures are visible, but the
Volume 05 Issue 11-2024
45
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
11
Pages:
30-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
general meaning is the same. It seems that in this
example, the logical-semantic connection between the
Uzbek and English sentences is clearly visible. Both
languages express important aspects in the process of
preparing financial statements, but each has different
linguistic means and syntactic structures.
The translation process in the field of finance and
economics is of great scientific and practical
importance. Issues of translation equivalence play an
important role in ensuring logical and semantic
connections between two languages. High-quality
translation in this field is necessary for the accurate and
correct transmission of concepts and information.
The analyses presented in the research show that the
first and second types of equivalence, as well as
differences in lexical and syntactic structures, affect
the overall quality of the translation. Since financial and
economic terminology is often complex and has a
specific context, translators need to have knowledge
of a specific field. Also, the degree of similarity
between the original and the translation, but the
difference in language means, is important when
considering equivalence. In financial and economic
texts, the same idea is often expressed using different
language structures and lexical units, which ensures
communication and understanding. As a result, it is
necessary to develop a comprehensive understanding
of equivalence issues in the process of translation in
the financial and economic field, to improve the
professional skills of translators and improve
communication between specialists in the field.
CONCLUSION
To conclude, in the translation of financial and
economic texts, the concepts of ‘adequate’ and
‘equivalent’ translation are of particular significance,
and their appropriate application ensures the accurate
conveyance of economic information content and its
relevance to the context. ‘Adequate translation’
primarily ensures adherence to the general
communicative purpose of the text, while ‘equivalent
translation’
gu
arantees
the
precise
semantic
correspondence of terms and concepts in the original
text.
To achieve adequacy, translators occasionally need to
adapt the meaning of the text. For instance, in the
translation of an international financial report or a
legislative document, terms that do not align with the
local context require adaptation to the current
economic environment. In equivalent translation, the
accuracy of each term is crucial, as technical or
statistical indicators can result in significant errors if
translated incorrectly.
The efficacy of translation in the field of finance and
economics largely depends on ensuring linguistic
consistency and pragmatic accuracy. When working
with international terminology, it is essential to select
terms that comply with ISO and IFRS standards, which
is also of considerable importance in strengthening
global
economic
relations.
Concurrently,
a
pragmatically accurate translated text must not only
be scientifically consistent but also meet the
operational requirements of financial and economic
structures.
REFERENCES
1.
Resolution of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan No. PR-2815. (2020, August 26). On
additional measures aimed at social support of the
population. Lex.uz. https://lex.uz/docs/-4969867.
2.
Baker, M. (2011). In other words: A coursebook on
translation (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203832929.
3.
Bigio, A.G. (Ed.). (1998). Social funds and reaching
the poor: Experiences and future directions
(English). Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group.
Volume 05 Issue 11-2024
46
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
11
Pages:
30-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
4.
Catford, J.C. (1965). A linguistic theory of
translation. Indiana: Oxford University Press.
5.
Clark, J. (2006). International dictionary of banking
and finance. London: Routledge.
6.
Explanations on filling out the report form. (2012).
Nrm.uz.
https://nrm.uz/contentf?doc=325146_hisobot_sha
klini_to%E2%80%98ldirish_bo%E2%80%98yicha_tush
untirishlar.
7.
Halverson, S. (1997). The concept of equivalence in
translation studies. Target, 9(2), 207
–
233.
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.9.2.02hal.
8.
Latyshev,
L.K.
(1981).
Translation
course:
Equivalence of translation and ways to achieve it.
Moscow: International Relations.
9.
Musaev, Q. (2005). Fundamentals of translation
theory. Tashkent: Science.
10.
New
poverty
reduction
program
to
be
implemented. (2023, June 5). Uzbekiston.org.
https://uzbekistan.org/uz/kambagallikni-
qisqartirish-boyicha-yangi-dastur-amalga-
oshiriladi/2932/.
11.
Pym, A. (2007). Natural and directional equivalence
in theories of translation. Target, 19(2), 271
–
294.
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.19.2.07pym.
12.
The system of work “Mahallabay” studies the
welfare of the population and provides assistance
in finding solutions to their problems. (2021,
February
3).
Old.gov.uz.
https://old.gov.uz/en/news/view/30044.
