Volume 05 Issue 11-2024
20
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
11
Pages:
20-24
SJIF
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MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
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(2023:
7.
491
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(2024:
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1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
ABSTRACT
This article examines the role and place of phytonyms in the development of Russian and Uzbek linguistics, the
features of phonetic, morphemic and morphological analysis of botanical terminology, as well as the equivalents of
translations of some botanical terms.
KEYWORDS
Phytonyms, phonetics, morphemics, morphology, botanical terminology, translation, Russian, Uzbek language.
INTRODUCTION
The role of botanical terms in the linguistics of the
Russian and Uzbek languages is important both from
the standpoint of vocabulary and in the aspect of
cultural context. In any language, botanical terms play
a unique role, which reflects not only the specifics of
nature and the surrounding world, but also the broader
cultural and historical characteristics of peoples. The
study of botanical terms in the aspect of Russian and
Uzbek linguistics involves the analysis of their
phonetic, morphological, semantic and syntactic
features. Botanical terms in the field of linguistics
should be considered important objects of research,
since they convey not only the specifics of the flora of
the region, but also the peculiarities of the lexical and
semantic system of the language. A detailed
examination of these terms helps to identify cultural
and historical influences, as well as the adaptation of
languages to changing environmental conditions and
cultural contacts.
Taking into account the different natural conditions of
Russia and Uzbekistan, the botanical vocabulary
reflects the floral diversity of each region. In Russian,
Research Article
THE ROLE AND PLACE OF BOTANICAL TERMS IN THE
DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN AND UZBEK LINGUISTICS
Submission Date:
November 13, 2024,
Accepted Date:
November 18, 2024,
Published Date:
November 23, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-05-11-06
Majidova Hulkar Ibrokhimovna
Doctoral student at Navoi State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://masterjournals.
com/index.php/crjps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 05 Issue 11-2024
21
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
11
Pages:
20-24
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
for example, there is an extensive number of words for
coniferous trees (spruce, pine, cedar), while in Uzbek,
terms for plants characteristic of Central Asia (jiyda,
bo’y, saksavul in uzbek) may be more developed.
Botanical terms in the Russian language often form
whole classes of words related to nature, agriculture
and landscape description. These words are used not
only in a narrow scientific context, but also in everyday
speech, folklore, literature and poetry. For example, in
the Russian language, the term "birch" (Latin Betula)
has great cultural significance, reflected in literature
and folklore. "Birch" is not just a botanical term, but
also an important symbol of Russian nature, often
found in literature. The terms "mountain ash" and
“maple” are also actively used in folklore and
literature, reflecting a special attitude to nature. In the
U
zbek language, the similar term “mulberry” (Latin
Morus) also has significant cultural significance, since
mulberry trees played an important role in the
development of sericulture in the region.
The analysis of the phonetic features of botanical
terms in the Russian and Uzbek languages gives reason
to talk about the patterns of application of the use of
certain sounds in plant names. It should be pointed out
that botanical terms are adapted to the phonetic
systems of the Russian and Uzbek languages in the
process of changing their sound forms when borrowed
from other languages. For example, in Russian the
term “acacia” (Latin. Acacia) retains the Latin
pronunciation with minor changes. In the Uzbek
language, the same term can be modified in
accordance with the phonetic features of the
language. Thus, the term “acacia” is pronounced with
a softer “c” sound or with an emphasis on another
syllable.
Morphemic analysis breaks down botanical terms into
roots, prefixes, suffixes and endings, which allows us
to identify which morphemes are most often used to
create botanical terms in both languages
–
Russian and
Uzbek. In Russian, the suffix model of word formation
is often used to refer to plants. For example: larch
(from “deciduous” + suffix
-nice). In Uzbek, complex
words or borrowings are more often used. For
example: qizilmiya (from “qizil” –
red and “miya” –
root). Russian: cherry
→
cherry (adjective from the
name of the fruit); laurel
→
laurel (adjective associated
with the laurel tree). Uzbek language: gul (flower)
→
gulli (adjective describing something related to
flowers); dogwood (dogwood)
→
dogwood (an
adjective describing something related to dogwood).
Suffixal and prefix models are actively used in the
Russian language, while complex words and
combinations of roots are popular in the Uzbek
language. For example: “pine” (Russian) –
the root of
pine trees - + suffix -
a; “qarag’ay” (Uzbek) —
a complex
word with Turkic roots: “qora” (black) + “g’ay” (tree, a
kind of tree). The Russian language more often uses
one-word
botanical
terms,
whereas
complex
constructions are not uncommon in Uzbek. This is due
to the history of language formation and the
peculiarities of the grammatical structure. For
example: oak (Russian) is a one
–
word term; ozuqa
daraxti (Uzbek) is (literally, "tree of nutrition") a
complex term for a specific type of plant. Word-
formation models in Russian and Uzbek languages
differ. So, suffixes are often used in Russian, and
addition of roots in Uzbek. For example:
cranberries (Russian)
–
qizilmevali (Uzbek), which
literally translates as “красноплодный”. The Russian
word is of the same root, with the suffix -va. The Uzbek
language uses a combination of an adjective and a
noun; spruce (Russian)
–
juniper (Uzbek). The Russian
term is one
–
word, short, Uzbek is a native Turkic term;
fern (Russian)
–
fern (Uzbek). Both languages use
tracing paper. Morphologically, the Russian language
often prefers to use one-word botanical terms, while in
Volume 05 Issue 11-2024
22
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
11
Pages:
20-24
SJIF
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MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
Uzbek there are complex words. For example:
strawberries (Russian)
–
qizilquloq (Uzbek), which
literally means “red
-
eared”. In Russian, it is a complex
word based on the root “earth” with the suffix –
nickname. Липа (Russian) –
qovoqcha (Uzbek). The
term “qovoqcha” is a complex word in the Uzbek
language.
Botanical terms do not just mean plants
–
they carry
cultural and historical meanings, reflecting the
characteristics and traditions of different peoples.
Russian Russian culture, for example, often uses birch
to symbolize the beauty and power of Russian nature.
In folklore and literature, it is associated with national
identity and symbolizes purity and simplicity. In folk
songs and poems, there is often a description of the
birch as a symbol of Russia. Another example is
mountain ash. In Russian culture, it often symbolizes
autumn and its colorful colors. In ancient beliefs, it was
believed that the rowan tree protects the house from
evil spirits. The laurel wreath in Russian culture
symbolizes victory and glory, which is reflected in
literary works and historical monuments.
In literature, willow is often used as a symbol of
sadness and sadness, which is associated with its
weeping form. In the Uzbek language, a drone (flower)
is often used in poetry as a symbol of love, beauty and
joy. In Uzbek folk songs and poems, dogwood is often
mentioned, symbolizing vitality and fertility. In Uzbek
culture, for example, the plane tree is associated with
longevity and wisdom. Plane trees are often planted in
gardens and squares as a symbol of constancy and
durability. Jida (persimmon) has deep cultural
significance in Uzbekistan, symbolizing fertility and
well-being, it is also used in cooking and traditional
medicine.
The role of botanical terms in the linguistics of the
Russian and Uzbek languages is particularly clearly
traced through several key aspects: cultural, lexical,
semantic and comparative. Botanical terms in Russian
and Uzbek languages reflect traditions, customs and
worldview formed in certain geographical and climatic
conditions. For example, trees such as the birch in
Russian and the djida in Uzbek not only denote specific
plant species, but are also important cultural symbols
of these two peoples.
In both languages, botanical terms are widely
represented in folklore, proverbs, fairy tales, and
poetry. In Russian, for example, the image of a birch
tree often symbolizes Russia and its nature, and in
Uzbek poetry flowers such as lola (tulip) can symbolize
spring and rebirth. Russian Russian literature, for
example, often uses the term “mountain ash” (Latin
Sorbus) to create an image of Russian nature, as well
as a symbol of perseverance and feminine beauty. In
Uzbek literature, the term “gul” (flower) is often found
in poetic works, where it symbolizes beauty, youth and
tenderness. Botanical terms play an important role in
enriching the vocabulary of languages, especially in the
context of naming new plant species or introducing
terms from other languages through borrowings. In
Russian and Uzbek, botanical vocabulary is often
borrowed from other languages, reflecting cultural
exchanges and the expansion of knowledge about the
world.
Lexical borrowing is the process of transferring words
and expressions from one language to another. This
process involves a mechanism of interaction between
peoples, intensive lexical borrowing, especially in the
fields of science, technology and botany. Russian
Russian language has been enriched with Uzbek terms,
and Uzbek with Russian terms. Botanical terms also
serve as the basis for the creation of new words and
phrases, which expands the functionality of the
language. In Russian, for example, adjectives (birch,
oak), nouns (oak grove, hazel) and phraseological units
Volume 05 Issue 11-2024
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CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
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2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
11
Pages:
20-24
SJIF
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MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
are formed from the names of plants. For example, in
Russian, the term “coniferous” (from the word
“needles”) forms various adj
ectives and nouns, such as
“coniferous forest”, “coniferous breed”. In Uzbek, the
term “mevali” (fruit) is used to describe fruit trees, for
example, “mevali daraxt” (fruit tree).
Botanical terms were most often borrowed due to the
lack of their own analogues in the recipient language.
This is especially true in situations where a new plant
species or its use has become known through scientific
research or the introduction of new crops. It should be
noted that some plant species characteristic of the
Central Asian region had no analogues in Russia, and
their names were borrowed directly from the Uzbek
language. With the introduction of new crops from
Russia to the region, such as wheat, potatoes, new
terms appeared, which were then fixed in the Uzbek
language. Here are examples of borrowed botanical
terms.
From Uzbek to Russian: quince is a term borrowed
from the Uzbek language, describing the fruit of a tree
of the Rosaceae family, which is important in the
culture and cooking of Uzbekistan; here is the name of
the tree borrowed from the Uzbek language, the fruits
of which are widely used in Central Asia. Russian
Russian into Uzbek: potato is a cultivated plant
introduced to Central Asia from Russia, got its Russian
name in the Uzbek language; sunflower is a plant
grown in Russia, which later got its name in the Uzbek
language.
Borrowed terms not only expand the lexical stock of
the recipient language, but also often undergo
adaptation, which manifests itself in changes in
phonetics, morphology or meanings. In the Uzbek
language, such words could receive suffixes typical of
Uzbek grammar, or change in pronunciation. Russian
Russian also contains examples of the adaptation of
Uzbek terms to Russian phonetics and orthography.
The lexical borrowing of botanical terms between the
Russian and Uzbek languages is an important indicator
of cultural and scientific exchange between the two
peoples. These borrowings not only enrich the
vocabulary, but also contribute to a better
understanding of cultural characteristics and historical
processes. The study of such borrowings helps to
identify the depth and directions of language contacts,
as well as to understand the dynamics of vocabulary
changes in the context of cultural interaction.
Botanical terms often have several meanings, including
metaphorical ones, which makes them important
elements of the semantic system of the language. They
can not only denote specific plants, but also symbolize
certain qualities, phenomena or states.
Terms related to botany often form
semantic fields reflecting various aspects of the natural
environment, cultural values, and social practices.
These semantic fields can vary significantly in Russian
and Uzbek, depending on the floral diversity and
cultural context. For example, in Russian the word
“color” (Latin. Color) can mean not only a botanical
object, but also color in the context of art and design.
Meanwhile, in the Uzbek language, the word “gul”
(flower) also has a figurative meaning, symbolizing
youth and beauty. Botanical terms have polysemy and
metaphoricity, which makes them important elements
of the semantic system of the language. A comparative
analysis of botanical terminology in Russian and Uzbek
languages reveals both unique and common features
in their development. It is important to note that
although both languages can borrow terms from other
languages, each of them has its own adaptation
processes, which leads to the appearance of unique
phonetic and morphological features.
REFERENCES
Volume 05 Issue 11-2024
24
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
11
Pages:
20-24
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
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