CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES (ISSN: 2767-3758)
https://masterjournals.com/index.php/crjps
13
VOLUME:
Vol.06 Issue01 2025
10.37547/philological-crjps-06-01-04
Page: - 13-15
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Agnonym in the works of A.P.Chekhov and L.N.Andreev
(Russian writers of the end of xix-beginning of xx century)
Esonov Uktam Djabbarovich
Associate professor of the Department of Western Languages Oriental University, Uzbekistan
Received:
24 November 2024
Accepted:
26 December 2024
Published:
16 January 2025
INTRODUCTION
One of the urgent tasks of modern linguistics is the study
of the thesaurus and lexicon of a linguistic personality. It is
necessary to estimate the real vocabulary of our
contemporary, to form scientifically grounded models of
teaching Russian language, to create new communicative-
oriented dictionaries. The problem of misunderstanding of
these words in the works of writers of the past causes many
difficulties for us, readers-scholars, and create an
incomplete picture of the work and lead to incomplete
perception of the author's idea. Rare, little-known, unusual
and incomprehensible words we can meet in the works of
Russian writers of the late XIX - early XX century. When
I read the story “The Bride” by A. P. Chekhov, I met the
word “kamilavka”, the lexical meaning of which was not
quite clear to me: “Above the sofa is a large photographic
portrait of Father Andrei wearing a kamilavka and orders .
The writer, depicting the picture, illuminates it with the
light of an aesthetic ideal. The concept of agnonym is
rather complex and polysemantic. Different researchers
put different meanings into the concept of “agnonym”.
Almost all of them agree that these are “words that are
incomprehensible to an individual”.Thus, we consider the
problem of studying incomprehensible words to be topical,
since it is a phenomenon in the Russian language, on the
one hand, on the other hand - a phenomenon already
widespread. This generates more and more interest in
dictionaries focused on this kind of information. Having
studied the scientific literature, we realized that the
question of the correlation between the vocabulary of
society and the vocabulary of an individual belongs to a
fundamental, and at the same time underdeveloped area of
linguistics. We became interested and decided to conduct
our research. In the study, we set a goal: to identify
agnonyms in the works of A. P. Chekhov and L. N.
Andreev, writers of the late XIX - early XX centuries, and
make a dictionary. In the works of A. P. Chekhov and L.
Andreev, one can find obscure or incomprehensible words
and word combinations that actively used in the late 19th -
early 20th centuries, but no longer used now. Obviously,
every obscure word has a chance to become an agnonym.
We adhere to the point of view of V. V. Morkovkin, who
proposed the term “agnonym” about 20 years ago. In his
work “Russian agnonyms (words we do not know)” to
denote words incomprehensible to a linguistic person:
“Agnonyms are a combined unit of lexical syntax, which
is a set of units of the native language, which are unknown,
incomprehensible or poorly understood by many of its
speakers (e.g., obobok - underbirch, deboning - separation
of meat from bones, etc. There are two prerequisites for the
emergence of agnonyms: temporal and social. Some words
are unclear because they are not widely used in a given
ABSTRACT
This article deals with agnonyms in the works of Russian writers A. P. Chekhov and L. N. Andreev of the late 19th - early 20th
centuries. The Dictionary of agnonyms to the works of A. P. Chekhov and L. N. Andreev will be useful for young readers,
teachers and all those who are interested in Russian literature.
Keywords:
Agnonyms, dictionary of agnonyms, literature, thesaurus, lexicon.
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES (ISSN: 2767-3758)
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14
period. These may be new words (organizer, leasing),
which may later become common knowledge. Temporarily
obsolete words also fall into this group. The second
prerequisite for the emergence of agnonyms is the social
environment in which a person grows up and brought up.
If a native speaker does not encounter any words in the
process of his development, then, therefore, these words
are incomprehensible to him. Scientists refer to agnonyms
as: Obsolete vocabulary - historicisms, - archaisms;
Narrowly used vocabulary - special military, church,
medical,
theatrical,
musical,
beekeeping,
hunting,
hippological, etc., - dialectal, - commonplace; Low-used
(low-frequency) vocabulary (so-called “rare words”).
Exotisms. In this connection, it is necessary to mention the
problem of exotisms; scholars did not introduce the labels,
referring archaized exotisms to the obsolete lexicon, and
actual ones to the group of rare words (we are talking about
lexemes like abbot, burgomaster, gendarme, chancellor,
corporal,
mameluk,
tugendbund,
illuminatism.
Professional words. Special and terminological words and
expressions not explained, their meaning indicated only by
the context. The context does not always help to
understand the semantics of a word. Words that were part
of the commonplace vocabulary of the century before the
last century: namednisni, kolotovka, kutsaveyka, rakalya,
vpoperech, etc., etc. Low-frequency lexicon (so-called
“rare words”). This is the most problematic part of
potential agnonyms, as it has an individual-personal
character. Such words are agnonyms for some native
speakers, while others know them, and sometimes-quite
well: The accumulation of research material on this
problem will allow not only to define the concept of
“agnonym”, but also to identify its species varieties.
Scientists also distinguish the following semantic
classification of agnonyms:
✓
evaluation of the interpretation of a lexical-semantic unit
in order to establish its suitability for use as a basis for
classification;
✓
bringing non-standard interpretations to a form
convenient for classification;
✓
allocation of reference and qualifying semes on the basis
of interpretation;
✓
Assignment of a lexical-semantic unit to a certain rubric
of the Synopsis of the ideographic classification of
LORJA. Following E. M. Lignin, we argue that there are
no other ways for agnonyms except direct or indirect
reference to the linguistic consciousness of the speaker of
a given language
The study of language evolution in Russian literature is of
great importance for several reasons: Cultural heritage and
identity: Russian literature is an integral part of the
country's cultural heritage, serving as a mirror reflecting
the evolution of Russian identity. The language used in
literary works reflects the essence of social values, beliefs
and historical development. Understanding Social Change.
Changes in linguistic expression over the centuries indicate
social shifts, ideological transformations, and reactions to
political upheavals. Language in literature acts as a
reflection of social dynamics, shedding light on prevailing
norms, ideologies, and cultural paradigms. Literary and
linguistic analysis: the study of the evolution of language
in Russian literature allows for a deeper literary and
linguistic analysis. It allows scholars to trace the
development of literary techniques, narrative structures
and the evolution of language styles used by writers in
different periods. Influence on World Literature: Russian
literature has had a significant impact on world literary
movements. Understanding the evolution of the Russian
literary code contributes to a broader understanding of the
world literary landscape and its interconnectedness.
The aim of this paper is to analyze the transformation of
textual language in Russian literature from the eighteenth
to the twenty-first century. It delves into the different
periods, exploring the linguistic characteristics, stylistic
innovations and socio-cultural influences that shaped the
literary code in each era. The following chapters will
examine the 18th century Russian literary code, the
transitions in the 19th and 20th centuries, the evolution of
language in the Soviet era and the 21st century, and the
contemporary literary landscape and conclude with a
comparative analysis. In essence, this research article
attempts to unravel the complex layers of linguistic
evolution in Russian literature by elucidating the profound
impact of linguistic change on the fabric of literary
expression over the centuries. This introductory chapter
lays the foundation for a comprehensive study of the
evolution of the Russian literary code and prepares the
ground for a thorough examination of linguistic
transformation in subsequent chapters.
The 18th century was a turning point in Russian literature,
characterized by distinct linguistic features that reflected
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES (ISSN: 2767-3758)
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15
the socio-cultural environment of the time. Actually from
this moment Russian literature appears.
А. Formality and ornate style. Russian literature of the
eighteenth century demonstrated a formal and ornate style
of language use. Writers used eloquence, employed
complex syntax, sophisticated vocabulary, and elaborate
expressions. This sophistication of language reflected the
influence of the ideals of the European Enlightenment and
the desire to create a cultured society.
B. Influence of Western European Literature. The 18th
century saw a significant influence of Western European
literature on the Russian literary language. Authors paid
attention to European literary trends, adopting stylistic
elements and narrative structures from French, German,
and English works. This cross-pollination of ideas and
language contributed to the enrichment of Russian literary
expression.
CONCLUSION
Thus, because of the study we have revealed that
agnonyms are obscure or poorly understood words of a
particular linguistic person. Agnonyms can be both
obsolete, rare and commonly used words. Hence, the
hypothesis confirmed. With the help of the dictionary of
agnonyms, students will be able to understand the
meanings of those words denoting objects that have gone
out of use, ceased to apply concepts, expand their horizons,
understand the essence of works, and get into the spirit of
the era in which lived the heroes of A. P. Chekhov, L. N.
Andreev. Agnonyms characterize the speech portrait of
society, which formed from the characteristics of the
individual lexicon of a person. A significant part of the
identified obsolete words, terms, professionalisms, rare
words, exotisms of the modern Russian language is
perceived by them at the level of partial or false
understanding. The point is that the number of agnonyms,
and this clearly shown by the experimental study, in the
consciousness of each person, including high school
students, is very different. Their number depends on the
level of reading, general erudition, volume and stability of
memory, character of upbringing, value orientations,
versatility or narrowness of interests, etc.
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