Vol. 4 No. 02 (2023): Volume04 Issue02

Incorporation of language and culture in terms of folklore and peculiar picture of the world expressed implicitly and explicitly in fairy tales are scrutinized in the current article.

The article is dedicated to elucidating the historiography of rulers and their features. Among the Turkic rulers of Central Asia, Ulugbek Mirza's "History of Four Nations", Babur's "Boburnoma", Abulgazi Khan's "Shajarayi Turk" and "Shajarayi Tarokima" are classified as examples of rulers' historiography. It is shown that the historical works written by Humdar authors have certain characteristics, and this is primarily reflected in their goals and tasks.

In the following article, I try to show some drawbacks and lacks of ready-made test which has been taken at school to identify students’ level. Also, I put modified version of test instead of the timid test at school taking into consideration five assessment principles.  Moreover, I present student’s before and after result depending on the administered tests.

Nigeria produces a wide range of agricultural commodities, which could serve as raw material for industrial production in Europe. Asia and Latin America. Top on the list of the agricultural commodities produced in Nigeria are Cocoa, cotton, Accha, Soya beans, Sorghum, Maize, Cassava, Gum Arabic, Ginger, Sesame Seeds, Sheanuts, Cashew Nuts and Cowpea.

White tree crops such as cocoa and cashew nuts are produced in the southern part of the country, cereal crops such as cowpea, Soya  beans, Sorghum, Maize, Sesame Seeds, Ginger, Gum Arabic, Shea Nuts and cotton (which is the focus of this seminar) are produced in the savannah belt in Nigerian.

With the federal government’s current initiatives aimed at increasing output in the agricultural sector, additional volumes of agricultural produce are available for domestic and industrial uses as well as external trade.

It is known that toponymic dictionaries are fundamentally different from other types of dictionaries. Some toponymical dictionaries include the meanings of each toponymic unit. In some dictionaries, we can see toponyms and their origin only. Not all toponymical dictionaries include the meanings of toponyms. When we look at English toponymic dictionaries, we can see in them the features listed above. Toponymic dictionaries can serve not only as a dictionary but also as a guide. As for toponyms, they can represent one or more toponymical layers too. As a language unit, they are studied in Linguistics, as well as in Lexicology and Lexicography. In this article, analyses of some toponyms and their importance in Lexicography can be faced. Furthermore, the importance of Lexicography is mentioned. Toponyms mainly describe place names, and their origin, that is ethnography. This article reviews the Dictionary of London Place Names by the famous English toponymist David Mills. It is mentioned the structure of the dictionary, and the use of vocabulary units in it in terms of quantity and quality.  Some toponyms used in the past as well as those that still exist today are also considered in the article. Their current existence and reflection in a dictionary of place names were reviewed and compared with the place names given in an online dictionary. Furthermore, there are given some examples and clarifications of some toponyms are taken from the dictionary. In a word, I can say that toponyms can be the bridge between history and the present.

In this article, analyzes were carried out on the basis of the principle of anthropocentrism, taking into account the "human factor" in the study of language in modern linguistics, and the definition of the concept of intercultural communication and the opinions of world linguists about the notion of intercultural communication.