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FEATURES OF PRINTING PRODUCTION IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Djabbarova Yulduz Abduvalievna
Lecturer of the Jizzax Sambhram university
Djabboravayulduz1983@gmail.com
Abstract:
In this article, general trends in the market of book products are
discussed, as well as the volume of the publishing market, which depends on the
number of publishers and the scale of their activities, effective demand and the number
of readers.
Key words: Segmentation of the publishing market, subjects and types of
publications, products of the largest central and regional publishing houses,
quantitative indicators of the book market.
ZAMONAVIY SHAROITDA MATBAA ISHLAB CHIQARISHNING
XUSUSIYATLARI
Djabbarova Yulduz Abduvalievna
Jizzax Sambhram universiteti o‘qituvchisi
Djabboravayulduz1983@gmail.com
Аnnоtаtsiyа:
Ushbu maqolada kitob mahsulotlari bozoridagi umumiy
tendensiyalar, shuningdek nashriyot bozori hajmi ko‘rib chiqiladi, bu noshirlar soni va
ularning faoliyat ko‘lami, to‘lov qobiliyatiga bo‘lgan talab va o‘quvchilar soniga
bog‘liq.
Kalit so‘zlar:
Nashriyot bozorining segmentatsiyasi, nashrlarning mavzulari va
turlari, yirik markaziy va mintaqaviy nashriyotlarning mahsulotlari, kitob bozorining
miqdoriy ko‘rsatkichlari.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОЛИГРАФИЧЕСКОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА В
СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ
Джаббарова Юлдуз Абдувалиевна
Преподователь Джизакского университета Самбхрама
Djabboravayulduz1983@gmail.com
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Аннотация
:
В
данной статье рассматриваются общие тенденции на рынке
книжной продукции, а также объем издательского рынка, который зависит от
количества издательств и масштабов их деятельности, платежеспособного
спроса и количества читателей.
Ключевые слова:
Сегментация издательского рынка, тематика и виды
изданий, продукция крупнейших центральных и региональных издательств,
количественные показатели книжного рынка.
INTRODUCTION
The evolution of industrial relations in the Republic of Uzbekistan has led to an
aggravation of contradictions between the receipt of information necessary for the
organization and its individual members and the needs for it. At the present stage of
development of the national economy, the role of information technologies as a means
of operational provision of information needs of organizations and individuals is
increasing. In the printing industry, high-quality printing technologies include
typographic (high, book) printing and flexography. The difference lies both in printed
forms (high-quality printing forms are made, in particular, on the basis of linotype and
monotype types of a set of sufficiently hard garth alloy or using modern technology
from leaching photopolymers), and in the printing process. On the printed form of high-
quality printing, the printed elements are located above the whitespace. The paint is
applied to the surface of the protruding printed elements. When in contact with the
paper, pressure is necessary for the complete transition of the paint. Before the
invention of printing machines, a press was used for this purpose. To reproduce text
and dashed images consisting of individual strokes and lines, it is not difficult to make
a printed form even on a blackboard, since all printed elements are on the same level.
It is easy to apply paint on them with a swab or roller, put paper and press it to transfer
the paint.
LITER
А
TURE REVIEW
The Uzbek Book Chamber provides the development of a scientific and
methodological base for creating a unified information space and information support
for book-selling processes based on the ONIX standard and the EDItX standard for the
exchange of commercial documents. But currently, the draft industry standard
"Electronic exchange of bibliographic and commercial information in the book
business" has not been approved, which reduces the efficiency of electronic document
management. As a result, at the moment most publishers and bookselling enterprises
use completely different formats – this is especially noticeable on the example of price
lists, order forms and classification schemes of book products, which complicates the
operational information exchange in the book industry.
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METHODOLOGY
The article used such methods as methodology of economic research, system
analysis, monographic analysis, comparison, grouping, expert assessment, economic
and statistical.
One of the most important aspects of the book distribution system is the
management of information in the book market. The information support system forms
the basis for modern technologies for the distribution of publishing products. For the
organization of an effective system of book distribution, it is important to create a
unified information space in the publishing industry.
A single information space involves the use by all subjects of the book market
of such components as: ISBN and barcodes; a single standard for bibliographic
description of book products; national databases on publications available on the
market ("Books in Print" or "Books in stock and print"); classification of books (based
on UDC – or other world classification); a single format for electronic data exchange
in the book business.
DIS
С
USSI
О
NS
А
ND RESULTS
Publishing is a special field of production activity that requires a specific
approach to its organization, planning and management. The issue of possible ways to
increase the economic efficiency and profitability of publishing is relevant all over the
world, but in our country it is especially acute, which is primarily due to the lack of
investment in this field of activity, the need to master new printing and computer
technologies and implement cost-effective management methods.
Today, in the context of global changes in the modern world, the dynamic socio-
economic and democratic development of Uzbekistan, the appearance and worldview
of the citizens of our country is radically changing, and their political activity is
growing. This is a significant result of the reforms gradually and consistently
implemented by the country's Leadership in state-building, solving tasks to strengthen
the place and role of mass media in society, and its activation in the system of civil
society institutions.
In its current work in the process of publishing and distributing books, a modern
publishing house constantly needs reliable information about the book market and
prompt exchange of information with distribution partners. The main information
sources in this case are: RCP statistics, industry reports on the state of the book market,
market research, as well as data from the publisher's own logistics information system.
A logistics information system is a set of organized information flows and
technologies, equipment and workers performing operations that ensure the movement
of information in the logistics system, as well as between the logistics system and the
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external environment. In this case, the main directions here will be information
exchange with suppliers, and information flows directed from the publisher to potential
buyers of their publications.
When transferring publishing products to retail, a whole range of information
support is used both from the publisher and the bookseller. In bookselling enterprises,
a local computer network is organized, consisting of registrars (scanners) of operations
for the reception, movement and sale of book goods; computers that form incoming
and outgoing documents (invoices, invoices, specifications, price tags); servers that
accumulate information about commercial transactions and provide access to it for
analysis and generalization. Each batch of goods is accompanied by an electronic (and
printed) invoice. Acceptance of the goods, the data about which has already been
received from the publisher in electronic form, is carried out using a scanner that reads
the barcode and is connected to a computer. All data about the received goods (name,
quantity, price) are compared with the data of the electronic invoice, which, in turn, is
compared with the order stored on the server. All information about the accepted
product is transferred to the server, its bibliographic description is compiled, which
enters the database
As already noted, due to the lack of a single information space and unapproved
unified standards of electronic document management, different standards of
documents, forms of bibliographic description and classification schemes are used in
the practice of different bookselling enterprises, which creates certain obstacles to the
rapid exchange of information.
Another important application of information technology in modern publishing
is the organization of advertising and information activities. Publishing houses today
actively use the Internet to promote their products. According to surveys of publishers,
the most popular way of promotion is to support your own website and promote book
products in social networks (more than 80% of respondents noted them as effective).
This is followed by such forms of book promotion as blogging and direct advertising
on the Internet (41% and 32%, respectively). Next in terms of decreasing effectiveness
are contextual advertising on the Internet and participation in forums, but, nevertheless,
27% and 23% of publishers in 2021 noted that they use these forms of advertising and
information activities.
As for information work in social media, there are several main directions and
types of activities that publishers undertake. Among them – informational support of
events: publication of announcements, press releases, advertising messages and
promotion of individual books (86% of publishers noted that they use these forms)
Publishers also actively promote the brand of the publishing house (68%) and their
authors (64%) on social networks. More than half of the surveyed publishers take part
in the life of groups related to literature and reading, as well as conduct various surveys,
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contests, quizzes (50%). A third of publishing houses create and moderate pages
(groups) of their own authors, products, services, ideas, events, and 23% are engaged
in promoting books in groups not directly related to reading, but somehow related to
the products of the publishing house.
The sale of book products is the final stage of the publishing process and means
its delivery to the end consumer. There are several options and levels of
implementation, depending on the number of intermediaries – intermediates involved
in the process. There are direct distribution channels (without intermediaries) and
indirect channels – single-level, two-level, etc.
In the case of a single–level channel, there is one intermediary between the
publisher and the consumer - a retail enterprise. The two-level implementation involves
two intermediaries representing the wholesale and retail link. The task of the wholesale
link is to deliver books to retail enterprises as soon as possible and at the lowest cost.
Wholesale trade performs important logistical functions for the transportation,
warehousing and information support of the supply of book products. Indirect channels
are used by publishers to increase target markets and expand sales, and most of the
book products are distributed through them.
Retailers of publishing products today are: bookstores (among them are network
and independent enterprises of various sizes and formats); online stores; kiosks and
kiosk networks; non-book retail Among the listed channels, bookstores are the most
important distribution channel – more than 50% of all books are distributed through
them. At the same time, it should be noted that the number of bookstores has almost
halved over the past 10 years: from 3 thousand to 1.5 thousand bookselling enterprises.
Online stores are a dynamically developing channel today, whose share in the book
market is constantly growing. In recent years, the share of this channel has increased
from 5.5% to 15%. Among online stores, the most popular are such as Labyrinth,
Ozone, Wildberries.
The sale of books to supermarkets and hypermarkets of FMCG (non-book
consumer retail) has increased in recent years: the share of the channel has increased
from 6.5% to 8.8%. The range and number of books presented in these stores has
expanded somewhat, but, as a rule, there are those in mass demand. At the same time,
the share of kiosk networks as a distribution channel for book products decreased from
3.8% to 0.9%.
Currently, the share of direct sales and publishers' own sales in the distribution
structure of publishing products is increasing. Forms of direct sales of books today are:
sale on the publisher's own website and through social networks; sale of books directly
by the publisher: from a wholesale warehouse or a warehouse store; book-mail: sale of
goods in the form of mail parcels for individual orders; book club: combines publishing
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and mail-parcel trade, produces books on paid orders of club members; peddling
(traveling salesman).
The choice of the sales channel depends on many factors: the type and quality of
the book, the target address of the publication and the attitude of consumers to it, the
features of the publishing house's distribution network, the types of wholesale or retail
enterprises and the principles of operation of specific stores.
СОNСLUSIОN
The market infrastructure is a set of organizational and legal forms and market
entities (publishers, wholesale and retail enterprises, fairs, etc.) that ensure the
functioning of the market. There are several main functions of the market:
informational – the market informs about the range and quality of books; intermediary
– the market acts as an intermediary between the manufacturer (publisher) and the
consumer; price–forming – the price of books is based on the interaction of supply and
demand, taking into account competition; regulatory – the market balances supply and
demand; stimulating - book The market encourages manufacturers to publish books at
the lowest cost and make sufficient profit based on meeting demand.
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