DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN
MODERN SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
14
THE SYSTEM OF TEACHING PHYSICS IN ACADEMIC LYCEUMS:
ANALYSIS OF CURRICULA AND MODERN APPROACHES
Rakhmatullayeva Gulira’no Valijon qizi
Doctoral Candidate, Nizami Tashkent State Pedagogical University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15735349
Abstract
This article analyzes the system of teaching physics in academic lyceums of
the Republic of Uzbekistan, including the curricula, class hours, and current
pedagogical approaches. Special attention is given to the necessity of using
modern methodological tools, virtual laboratories, mobile applications, and
digital resources to effectively teach the sections of molecular physics and
thermodynamics. It is proposed to adapt advanced international practices to the
national education system in order to improve the effectiveness of learning.
Keywords
academic lyceum, physics education, molecular physics, curriculum,
laboratory work, digital education, methodological approach.
In Uzbekistan's education system, academic lyceums represent a unique
form of secondary and vocational education, offering students the opportunity
to gain in-depth knowledge in their chosen fields. Currently, these institutions
provide two years of education, with the primary aim of preparing graduates for
higher education and assisting them in determining their professional career
path [1].
Physics is one of the core subjects, particularly in lyceums focused on
natural sciences. According to the current curriculum, a total of 216 hours is
allocated to physics, with a significant portion dedicated to molecular physics
and thermodynamics [2]. This necessitates in-depth study and integration of
theoretical concepts with practical experiments.
The physics curricula are developed based on standard documents created
by the Republican Center for Education Development. These curricula include
not only theoretical materials but also laboratory sessions, hands-on activities,
and independent project-based tasks aimed at fostering students’ scientific
outlooks [3].
Recommended experimental activities in the sections of molecular physics
and thermodynamics include verifying gas laws, determining the heat capacity
of liquids, observing capillary action and surface tension, and experimentally
confirming the equation of state for an ideal gas. These laboratory activities help
students develop skills in observation, analysis, and drawing conclusions [4].
DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN
MODERN SCIENCES
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In modern physics education, the sections on molecular physics and
thermodynamics are of particular importance. These topics enable students to
gain a deep theoretical and practical understanding of heat phenomena in
nature, molecular motion, and the laws of conservation and transformation of
energy. This part of physics constitutes one of the fundamental components in
both general secondary and academic lyceum education. The Cabinet of
Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in its Resolution No. 126 dated March
25, 2023, emphasized the need to update educational content in line with
modern scientific achievements, particularly in natural sciences such as physics.
According to the current academic lyceum curriculum, a total of 64 hours
are allocated to 'Molecular Physics' and 'Fundamentals of Thermodynamics',
with 24 hours specifically dedicated to molecular-kinetic theory and
thermodynamics. This highlights the substantial role of these sections in the
educational process. The content covers theoretical foundations such as the
theory of ideal gases, isoprocesses, internal energy, the first and second laws of
thermodynamics, heat engines, and the physical properties of gases, alongside
laboratory work and practical activities that contribute to the development of
interdisciplinary thinking.
In global education systems, molecular physics and thermodynamics also
hold a prominent place within the STEM approach. For example, a 2022 report
by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences identified the competency to
understand energy exchange and matter movement as a critical 21st-century
literacy skill. Furthermore, the 7th goal of the UN Sustainable Development
Goals (SDG-2030) — 'Affordable and Clean Energy' — underscores the
relevance of thermodynamics to modern ecological technologies.
The importance of this field is also reflected in the words of the President of
Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev: “The New Uzbekistan is a state that has chosen
the path of development based on science and innovation. Mastering subjects
such as physics, chemistry, and biology in depth is a tool for building our future.”
In this context, the integration of modern digital tools into teaching, including
virtual laboratories and simulations, has become a pressing need.
Although the textbooks and teaching manuals developed for academic
lyceums adequately cover this topic, issues remain in classroom implementation
— such as insufficient use of digital technologies and limited application of
interactive methodological approaches. As a result, students’ understanding
often remains theoretical, with inadequate development of practical skills.
DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN
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According to the 2022 data from the National Statistics Agency of
Uzbekistan, only 18% of academic lyceum graduates enrolled in higher
education institutions specializing in physics. This highlights the urgent need to
improve motivation and methodological approaches to the deep study of
physics.
Thus, a thorough analysis of the role of this subject in the educational
process and its enhancement through digital pedagogical tools defines the
scientific and practical relevance of the dissertation topic.
However, the methodological support and technical infrastructure are not
uniformly available across all lyceums. There is an insufficient implementation
of modern virtual laboratories, animated simulations, and integrated STEAM
resources. This poses difficulties in visualizing complex physics concepts, such
as molecular kinetic motion, entropy, and mechanisms of heat transfer [5].
The integration of digital technologies into education is widely practiced in
foreign countries. In European and Asian nations, distance laboratories, online
simulators, and AR/VR technologies are increasingly used to teach physics
interactively. A gradual implementation of such practices in the Uzbek education
system is especially relevant for academic lyceums [6][7].
Conclusion
Analysis shows that while the physics curricula designed for academic
lyceums are didactically and methodologically sound, the current learning
environment and resources are not fully aligned with modern educational
technologies. Therefore, the use of mobile applications, virtual laboratories, and
interactive educational platforms in teaching molecular physics and
thermodynamics is a key factor in improving the quality of education.
References:
1.
Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Innovation of the Republic of
Uzbekistan. Regulations on the activities of academic lyceums. – Tashkent, 2023.
2.
Republican Center for Education Development. Sample curriculum and
syllabus for physics in academic lyceums. – Tashkent: REC, 2022.
3.
Sharipova D.S. Methodological analysis of physics curricula for in-depth
study. – Journal “Ilm Sarchashmasi”, No. 1, 2023, pp. 45–50.
4.
Methodological guide for laboratory work in physics. – Tashkent:
O‘qituvchi Publishing House, 2021.
5.
Kholmatov A., Karimova G. Teaching physics in academic lyceums using
innovative methods. – Journal “Innovative Education”, No. 2, 2022.
6.
Uzbekistan Education Review: Digital Transformation in the Education
System. – World Bank Group, 2023.
DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN
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7.
UNESCO. “Digitalization of Physics Education in Secondary Schools: A
Comparative Overview.” – Paris, 2021
